fischer. >> thank you, mr. chairman, and our witnesses for your testimony and service over many years. generality scaparrotti, you are well aware if there is ever a major conflict in europe, the first shots are likely to be cyber? they are not going to be kinetic. we have to be prepared for that. i know the russian attack against estonia in 2007, the baltics have been leaning into this in a pretty major way. estonia created the cyber defense league, established nato's cooperative cyber defense center of excellence, and as you know latvia is home to the nato strategic communications center of excellence. i would like you to give us an update and share some of your thoughts on what you see in the baltic countries, lessons learned things we may want to replicate in other places around the world. >> you noted the changes that have taken place. i would add as well that after nato determined cyber was in fact the domain which needed to happen to give authorities -- we now have a cyber center that operates within nato, connected with each of our nations. most of of them are building a cyber c