also, how mrs. nixonhen she was in the white house added to the antiques and brought in so much of american culture on where jacqueline kennedy started at her personal diplomacy in africa and also which went through? thank you very much. >> those are questions we are going to tell her story. let us do that. we have a clip of pat nixon talking about her volunteerism. [video clip] >> it is a great joy for me to be here with you this evening and to receive this award. however, i would like to say i am receiving this in the name of all of the volunteers who are working throughout this land and throughout his world. as you know, i have been in most of the countries of the world and all of the united states. i have met these good people who give of their hearts and hands to assist others and there is no more noble way to spend part of a life. i do thank all of you who are here in a position and volunteers. i do thank all of the people in this united states who are so kind and generous. i am proud of them. and i

mr. nixon's death i remember stephen ambrose who had written a biography of him had expressed amazement at the genuine outpouring of emotion. nixon had regained, at least among some people, some of the admiration for the very things you talked about. 50 years from now, if it is indeed the china century, will the first line of richard then's historical opus be only president forced to resign, or the president who opened china to the world? host: in twitter -- guest: let me see. andrew johnson, who succeeded abraham lincoln, was impeached.

the ladies in the press, some of the men as well, criticize mrs. nixon cruelly. this hurt her ear it should not have, but it did. she should have considered the source. they said, why did she not make speeches? it shows she does not have a mind of her own. she knows you do not have two voice is out of the white house. she had ideas she expressed privately. another thing that shows, the critics, what they would not understand or appreciate at all, she was self-assured and self- confident. she did not have such a big ego that she had to go out and prove she had a career in her own right. what was important to her was the career of her husband. >> we hear a lot of criticism by the former president that much of pat nixon's perception problems were non-friendly media. >> that is not surprising. that is how he viewed his own

look, we had a good plan under mr. nixon. what would nixon do about this, what would he do about that? we're going to take a little percentage. we're not going to screw up their insurance policies of those who do have -- the small percentage who can't afford it, we'll give them checks and not have a huge government bureaucracy to handle it. go to your insurance agent, buy the policy. bang, that's it. write you a check. it's done. >> ben stein, thanks so much for being with us tonight. >> that's it? >> that's it, ben. >> that's it? >> unless you're going to write the check, that's it. it's good to see you. >> allright. nice to see you. a registered nurse now joins us, who happened to be married to a doctor and who is now in her second term as a congresswoman. all right, congresswoman, can obama care be fixed? >> no, it can't. it's fundamentally flawed. >> why? >> we've heard the promises. the promises were broken. it was never created on a fundamentally structured format. depending on one group paying for another group and tryi

i know when i worked for mr. nixon and mr. ford, they met with their people all the time. they were not as avid golfers as mr. obama is -- >> ohcome on. >> but ford was a very good golfer. >> he was. i guess what i'm trying to get a handle on here is it's so unbelievable to me, i tried to give every doubt to the esident that he called her up or she called him. at face value it looks like he got his wish, he got his signature lejs lashgs bravo, it was a true you've for him, whether people like it or not, it was a signature achievement, then he dropped the ball. >> ben's right and i'm -- >> whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, what did you say? >> ben is right. breaking news. ben stein is right. except for the part about nixon. he probably should have played more golf, it would have gotten him into less trouble. >> bill clinton played a lot of golf and it did not avoid trouble. >> there are a lot of golf analogies we could talk about. ben's right, obama dropped the ball on this. it doesn't surprise me he may have only met with her once beuse he certainly didn't do anything else he

once the gold coast of british colony now becomes an independent commonwealth vice president and mrs nixon represent the united states at the three day festivities and native dances and games mark an event of historic importance since god becomes the first big role colony in africa to gain its freedom. in one thousand nine hundred fifty seven ghana gained its independence from the english ever since there has been a love hate relationship with the i.m.f. . from one thousand nine hundred sixty six five governments have received loans power has changed hands many times after so many coups. the first to approach the i.m.f. in one thousand nine hundred sixty five was ghana's first president and independence leader. as a marxist he was quick to reject the funds conditions he was overthrown a year later. but in many countries the red dry made battle plan have prayer. and drama rama and brandon. a big old rule or about a country. the national liberation council government that came to power signed the loan agreement with the i.m.f. and accepted the conditions. the economy made a spectacular rebou

and you have dick and mrs. nixon. >> yes. was apparent their families would be united in marriage. and then the engagement announcement. they were close to the nixons. >> how much of the decorating did mamie do? >> this is her taste. she had a decorator. she was here to consult. >> about the conversation in washington. did mamie eisenhower ever meet kay summersby? >> mamie was not affected by the meeting. she was aware of the rumors. she met her and went on with her life. >> we will be back to gettysburg later. >> it was around that time the eisenhowers began to be drafted i both local parties. they were not partisan. tell us the story of how the republicans were successful. >> what you find is there is a grassroots movement, citizens for eisenhower. groups of people all over the country pushing for eisenhower to run for president and to run as a republican. when they were in europe, there were people flying to see ike. and he is -- he doesn't say what he will will not do because of his position and one of the stories mamie te

and we tabled the project and mr. nixonsed away and a number of us thought we might try to revitalize his dream in the event that the global economy has turned around positively and possibly the venture capital can come if there is a general interest which we believe there is, bloab globally. we have to wait to see if the dollars are in and the develop tuventurecapital monies could . and glrchthe response has been overwhelming and we are filing l positive about it if the money does come. >> i am sure that people are rooting for you roger and we wish the best for the freedom ship. >>> the show may be over but it continues on facebook or google plus pages you can also find us on twitter on aj consider this. have a great weekend. we'll see you next time. >>> good evening everyone welcome to al jazeera america >>> the 85 year-old american hs been released from korea. >>> a world without nelson mandela. >>> help wanted. a december surprise on the job front more companies are hiring but does that mean the country is turning aroun

cannot answer because i am not clairvoyant, but i can tell you that certainly, even at the time of mr. nixoni remember stephen ambrose who had bread and -- who had written a biography of him had expressed surprise that the genuine outpouring of emotion. even at that time nixon had regained, among some people, some of the aberration -- admiration for the very things you talked about. -- if this ism heeed the china century, will either be saying is the president who resigned, or a president who opened china to the world. --t: in twitter guest: let me see. johnson, who succeeded abraham lincoln was impeached. clinton,on -- bill there was talk about impeaching both john tyler was a one term, that is it. from let's go to our old indianapolis, indianapoli. -- to our caller. good morning. i have been a firm democrat all my life, and i just feel we was looking more at obama when he first got in office, and the way livingpeople the cost of raise, and did things out of character for a democratic president. he let a lot of people down, you do not promise things you cannot deliver. as a president, you d

mr. nixon's death i remember stephen ambrose who had written a biography of him had expressed amazement at the genuine outpouring of emotion. nixon had regained, at least among some people, some of the admiration for the very things you talked about. 50 years from now, if it is indeed the china century, will the first line of richard then's historical opus be only president forced to resign, or the president who opened china to the world? host: in twitter -- guest: let me see. andrew johnson, who succeeded abraham lincoln, was impeached. bill clinton, there was talk about impeaching both john tyler , who was over in one term, succeeded to the presidency as well. that is it. host: let's go to our caller from indianapolis, indiana. on outline for democrats. you are on with richard norton smith. caller: good morning. my name is earl gordon. good morning. i have been a firm democrat all my life, and i just feel we was looking more at obama when he first got in office, and the way he cut people on disability with the cost of living raise, and a lot of things that are uncharacteristic for a demo

he was playing happy birthday to mrs. nixoni think the expression has to do with look, i can actually do this. i can do something that is musical. and it was a fun moment. >> you have been the witness to so many moments in history. do you sort of look back and pinch yourself, think gosh how did that happen? >> that's a good question. i give a lot of talks to young people. i look at the photos, i look at the pictures and can't believe i was the one that took them, in all these great places, and all these great people. being in the front row of history and being a witness and a chronicler. >> when you came in you were taking pictures with your iphone, talk about the book you're getting ready to do. >> well, one of the things i'm doing, my day job cameras, i use canons because that's a professional camera. but the iphone camera has been another way of seeing things. every day, everybody out there, can be a photographer, can be a witness, and take photos. the quality of the iphone i found to be exceptional. and so what this does fo

in the way that lbj did and the nixon did, although nixon, you know, mr. forces, but kennedy, what you know about him as an anti-communist and not one to lose, would he have also gone and jumped into southeast asia with both feet? >> guest: i examine that question at length because i have great interest in it. here is my conclusion. kennedy deserves part of the blame for vietnam. you cannot exonerate him. put a lot of advisers and some troops in there. exactly. he started the trend, but here is why i believe he never would have done what johnson did. johnson put 535,000 troops in vietnam. first of all, if there is one word that describes president kennedy in office it is cautious second, you always look to a politician's base. you know this well. what was kennedy space,

out and in that way reach out to the cuban people through the castro dictatorship, just the way mr. nixoneached out through the communist dictatorship to the very pro american chinese people he will have accomplished a great deal. again, military strength, we've got to be strong, friendly, peace loving out of strength, not out of weakness, not chamberlain is, eisenhower. >> what about the interim deal reaching out to iran right now? because as you know, they're not just republicans but plenty of democrats who don't like it either. >> i've talked to several on the hill, very loyal democrats. >> the chairman of the senate foreign relations committee, chuck schumer the number three democrat in the senate they don't like it. >> here's what i don't understand. a lot of democrats and republicans on the hill feel like they would strengthen the president's hand by passing contingent sanctions, no the sanctions required, but they give him one moral stick as well as the carrots he's offering in terms of relieving sanctions. i think it would be a good thing. the proof in the pudding is in the eating

showed last week when your class dismissed the whole class to go down to the auditorium and watch mr. nixon on television, and you refused to go. [laughter] >> campaign manager spent walter writes a letter and says there mr. president, i just want you to know what i've been doing. we took a boat, a preliminary vote and my class of all the candidates and here's how it came out. stephenson, two boats. humphrey, one vote. kennedy one vote. nixon for votes, blah, blah, blah. i was not happy with that and i asked for a revote. meanwhile, i did some campaigning. here's how it came out now. kennedy, 14, nixon 13, everybody else zero. i then decided that wasn't enough. we should have a runoff between nixon and kennedy. this is how it came out. kennedy 24, nixon 20. i'm making up -- i just want you to know it's a joy to be your campaign manager. [laughter] and kennedy writes back, he just wrote back thanking him saying you have no idea what a comfort iit is for me to have a campaign manager in indiana like you. [laughter] >> while jfk did not live to see the lunar landing, he did send that seemingly

one of the reporters said to her, mrs. nixon, what goodwill any of this do if the people you're speaking to can't understand what you're saying. she replied, even if they can't speak your language, they can tell if you have love in your heart. >> that's the close out here of our biography of pat nixon. what would pat nixon say is her greatest contribution to the role of first lady? >> dignity under strain. she was a dignified and proud throughout her period in office. >> made sure people understood that the white house was their house. everyone should have a voice, everyone should be able to come, everyone was welcome. >> as a closeout, we want to say thank you to our partners at the white house historical association for their help in telling the stories of the first ladies. we've been making available on our websites, biographies of the white house. it's available at cost if you're interested. we have many more first ladies to go as the series continues. hope they'll read along with us and learn more about the interesting aspe

crazed david crockett rat running around the brand porch of richard nixon mr tennant thank you so much for the pleasure of enjoy it. and turning now to a report out by the committee to protect journalists report which was released today found that seventy journalists were killed in two thousand and thirteen with the largest percentage of those deaths coming from syria and fact one of those fatalities happened just days ago with the death of syrian freelance photographer mohammed there a cat that was only eighteen years old and had been freelancing for reuters when he got caught in the cross-fire between free syrian army fighters and government forces but barakat was just one of twenty nine who were killed this year in the war torn country iraq saw the next largest number of casualties with ten journalists killed followed by egypt with six the c b j report also breaks down just how these journalist were killed forty four percent were singled out for murder thirty six percent were killed in combat or crossfire and twenty percent were killed during unspecified assignments now overall the

cannot answer because i am not clairvoyant, but i can tell you that certainly, even at the time of mr. nixonst debt, i remember stephen ambrose who had bread and -- who had written a biography of him had expressed surprise that the genuine outpouring of emotion. even at that time nixon had regained, among some people, some of the aberration -- admiration for the very things you talked about. -- if this ism heeed the china century, will either be saying is the president who resigned, or a president who opened china to the world. --t: in twitter guest: let me see. johnson, who succeeded abraham lincoln was impeached. clinton,on -- bill there was talk about impeaching both john tyler was a one term, that is it. from let's go to our old indianapolis, indianapoli. -- to our caller. good morning. i have been a firm democrat all my life, and i just feel we was looking more at obama when he first got in office, and the way livingpeople the cost of raise, and did things out of character for a democratic president. he let a lot of people down, you do not promise things you cannot deliver. as a preside

right later described me as a half crazed davy crocket running around the room porch of richard nixon's alamo mr terry thank you so much pleasure out of georgia and now to an inside look at the cook county jail in chicago illinois the correctional facility holds around ten thousand inmates making it the largest jail in the u.s. because of cuts to community mental health services and state psychiatric institutions the prison also stands as america's largest mental health care provider in fact thirty percent of inmates at cook county jail have a mental illness artie's liz wahl took a deeper look at this correctional facility and the thousands of mentally ill inmates who may not belong in the prison system. chicago's cut county jail holds over ten thousand inmates making it the largest jail in the united states it's also the nation's largest mental health care provider it's exploding on any given day about twenty five to thirty percent of the inmates here at the county jail suffer from some sort of severe mental illness here in the minimum security section of the jail most inmates suffer from some

nixon johnson. the difference is she was willing to respond. >> mayor on facebook said mrs. ford was an inspiration perfect for the times. one of the things we've followed this year is the changing role of women in society and how the first lady often is a benchmark for that. >> and i think that is where she connected with millions of women. she was candid about her personal struggles. she was -- a lot of people didn't realize when she became first lady that she had been married before. i think time magazine asked her about that and why people didn't know about it which no one had asked her about it before. in 1957, i remember the first time her name appeared in the washington post and it was about her passion sensibility and it talked about her taste for quiet hats and slightly more talkive suits. in 1957 that was fine. that was one culture. a lot of people looked at betty ford, this cub scout den mother, this sunday schoolteacher and they labeled her. they wrote her off in effect. and then they discovered no, actually this is a woman with views of her own this. is a woman

mrs. ford have in president ford's decision to pardon richard nixon? >> that is a great question and it is one of the elusive areas. she said very little about the pardon. she thought it was necessary. she thought it was an act of courage. she said what you would expect her to say. i will say this, i do know toward the end of his life when the john f. kennedy library chose to give him the courage award specifically for the nixon pardon, he was initially reluctant to go all the way across the country. he didn't see the emotional significance of this and it was mrs. ford who convinced him this is the greatest honor that has been bestowed on you since leaving office. he said after that for 20 years everybody asked him about the burden and after that award people stopped asking. >> robert in chicago. you're on the air. caller: thank you very much for your time. i understand two presidents, kennedy and hoover never received an income as president. did mrs. ford receive any kind of income after president ford passed away? >> first of all, you are right about

into this 60s when he was running, so did not have the energy of richard nixon in 1960, or obama running in 2008 and so on. >> and mrs. eisenhower, a lot has been written about your parents' relationship with the eisenhowers. how do you describe it? >> i think that one of the things i enjoyed doing when i was working on the project of eisenhower's retirement years, was to look at that relationship and to think about it more, and i'm amazed that eisenhower and nixon got along as well as they did. you have two presidents, rumbling around together. a president is going to be someone who is very driven, as an agenda, device eighten hour, and richard nixon as 39 becomes his vice president, who already is showing signs he is on his way. so the fact they got along as well as they did is a testament to self things, but i think eisenhower should be praised because eisenhower made the vice-presidency significant. the sent my parents to 53 nations around the world as goodwill ambassadors. they were the vietnam in 1953, 53 nations, because he believed in person to person diplomacy, and my father liked that. eisenhower led the wa

kennedy would not have gone into vietnam in the way that lbj did and the nixon did, although nixon, you know, mr. forces, but kennedy, what you know about him as an anti-communist and not one to lose, would he have also gone and jumped into southeast asia with both feet? >> guest: i examine that question at length because i have great interest in it. here is my conclusion. kennedy deserves part of the blame for vietnam. you cannot exonerate him. put a lot of advisers and some troops in there. exactly. he started the trend, but here is why i believe he never would have done what johnson did. johnson put 535,000 troops in vietnam. first of all, if there is one word that describes president kennedy in office it is cautious second, you always look to a politician's base. you know this well. what was kennedy space, intellectuals, universities, colleges. the very first. strong opposition to dramatically increase. very skeptical in 5960. aren't they? he said he was not comfortable with the liberals and the democratic party. but they adopted him once he was in office. he had a really established that li

pat r president nixon or nixon and mrs. kennedy after she left the white house?thank you, again, for a great series. >> the relationship is better than one might think. appalling edy found the idea that she would have to return to the white house after 1963. she thought it would be much too painful. told the secret service agents in washington prior to the way i will never have to see the white house because it will make me i'll start crying again. andexception, 1970-'71, her j.f.k.'s portraits were painted by an artist. they were about to be displayed in the nixon white house. the nixons said why don't you come down and see them quietly. she felt she owed it to jfk to do that. so she brought her children. totally off of the record visit. they had dinner and she wrote to president nixon afterwards. had aid, a moment that i white house e dreaded turned out to be one of the most important days. n later years, not too happy with nixon. in watergate, came out the number of things that president tried to do to damage the reputation. > 1968, brother-in-law robert kenne

nixon perhaps. >> go ahead, dorothy. >> i just don't understand how we could find any exculpation of mr. snowden at any point including president obama. that one just won't work. >> all right. we're going to give you a shot here at snowden again. >> yes. >> still ahead, as we look back at 2013, our panel's picks for hits and misses of the year. >>> time now for our hits and misses of the year. >>> time now for our hits and misses of the year. 's start on a high note with the hits. dan? >> all right. well, paul, i'm going to gave hit to the good old american economy. i mean, what has been the watch word around the economy for the past three years? uncertainty. and uncertainty has occurred because of obamacare, the fact we've only had about 2% growth for three years, dodd/frank was introduced. for all that, the economy has begun to push back towards 3% growth, the tech sector is thriving, companies are well managed. so i think the potential upside is tremendous if as ronald reagan used to say the government will simply get out of the way. >> so you think that gridlock in washington such as

mrs. ford have in president ford's decision to pardon richard nixon?that is a great question, and it is one of the sort of elusive areas. she said very little about the pardon. she thought it was necessary. she thought it was an act of courage. she said when you would expect her to say in the first memoir. i will say this, i -- toward the end of his life, i'm sure as you may recall, when the john f kennedy choose to give him the courage award specifically for the nixon pardon, he was initially reluctant to go. to go all the way across the country and, you know, at his age. he didn't see in effect the emotional significance of this, and it it ises mrs. ford, i think, convinced him, jerry, this is the greatest honor that has been bestowed on you since leaving office. people asked him about the burden and after the award people stopped asking. >> robert in chicago. you're on the air, hi, robert. >> caller: hi. thank you for your time. as i understand two presidents kennedy and hoover never received an income as president. did mrs. ford receive any kind of

mrs. ford was doing on alcohol and drug dependence sigh issues. >> host: kyle wants to know what kind of relationship did the fords have with the nixons after leaving washington? >> guest: perfectly friendly. i think to be perfectly honest with you, you couldn't go through watergate and the pardon and have it not affect the kind of old casual friendship that they enjoyed. i remember seeing them together at the time that the nixon library was dedicated in 1990. >> host: gerald ford post-presidency, active on corporate boards and party politics, lived int the age of? >> guest: 93, the longest lived american president to this day. >> host: we have video of the casket in state and the capitol building. can you talk about -- there's mrs. ford there. talk about her role in planning the service. >> guest: well, she was very much a part of it. she -- we had a number of meetings to begin, actually, several years out, and, of course, it evolved in the military district of washington, the professionals there, and said the one thing he was adamant, he did not want a horse drawn case through the streets of washington, and she kept saying, keep it simple, keep i

nixon should never have resigned because his tapes never would have been discovered? >> i don't think that that follows. >> he didn't turn them over without being ordered to. >> he might have. >> mr. rosenkranz, final? >> some of the standard questions may be tricky, but again the ultimate check on presidential law is elections and in extreme cases engagement, but elections by really should be a check on -- >> so when the irs prevents the word from getting out they infect thwarinfact thwart the e, therefore, elections are no longer the final answer, are they? >> to the extent that the irs targeting is an example of discriminatory enforcement, you're quite right. it's actually the most corrosive form of -- it does cast on everything that follows. it cast doubt on elections that followed. you're quite right. >> thank you, mr. chairman. >> the gentleman from georgia mr. johnson, is recognized for five minutes. >> thank you, mr. chairman. for holding this very important and significant hearing today. get my notes squared away. this hearing is pure political theater. it's a comedy but the audience has seen it so many times now that it's no longer funny. in fact, this hearing is an egr