ms. joanna in berkeley and got to immediate -- meet judy. there is a picture of her. in 1972 robert found this center in independent living in california so people with disabilities may have the opportunity to live on they are own and learn how to live independently in the real world. robert was an executive director from 1972-75. today there are cil's all over the world. you can see the picture of ed roberts campus showing windows and doors for people to come in and out. curb cuts were first introduced in the 1940s in michigan to aid disabled war veterans. in the 70s berkeley became the first place to have a wheelchair ramp. a continual set of cuts carved out of wheelchair access in pedestrian districts and through a set of well traveled routes. the berkeley's disabled community had an active role in designing and mapping out more than a hundred sites for cuts. you can see the picture of one of the curb cuts is shown to be in california with armored tiles. in april of 1977, people with disabilities across the nation show their demand how this section 504 the rehabili