ms. mclean raised. it will be prearranged on the day he is going to ride. because he probably could have gotten away with sitting in the car and not saying anything and doing what? riding on that train. and no one would say anything. he looked white. it was prearranged the conductor is going to know. there will be a private detective hired by the railroad. and when plessy attempts to ride, they will arrest him. ok, so in june of 1892, he is going to come before the courts justice john howard ferguson. that is where we get the term in the name plessy versus ferguson. you know i do not do dates too much in this class, but there is one date i want you to remember. i want you to know when this goes to the supreme court. 1896. ok, so, between plessy's arrest and his trial, judge ferguson had already ruled on another case, and this was the case of daniel f. desdunes. he was also a member of that citizens committee and he could also pass for white. let me tell you about justice ferguson. he was also a carpetbagger. he gain from massachusetts. he married the daught

ms. mclean and really short answers if you would. here's -- what effect has increased security along our land boshders had on maritime border security? what effect has increased security long along our land borders had on maritime? take 30 seconds. >> two quick points. i think the trusted program along the context how we deal with those in the maritime context and i go back to south florida in the '80s, how you need a risk based approach across all pathways to secure any single pathway. thank you. >> thank you. admiral? >> somewhat outside the realm of port security, we have seen the balloon effect on particularly the southern part of the west coast and also in the caribbean as we secure or land borders for illegal drugs and contraband and other illegal activities that's have taken to the water. that's really the impact we've seen there. >> thank you. >> i agree with the admiral, we have not seen a significant impact in terms of changes of the threat among commercial flows, between ports of entry port out on the west coast as well as