ms. shaffer for that comment as well. senator johnson and i agree on much more than people may think when it comes to these topics. we obviously disagree on right now the score card between the east and the west. i will just close with this comment. you know, there's some irony to put putin's actions. we both agree that there's short term calculus. russia made the name by playing. i think it's important for us to remember that the long game is creating a real contrast between what it means to align yourself with the west and free market economics and liberal democrat oe cra democracy. this is a symmetrical warfare. they are willing to use tactics that we simply aren't willing to use. it may mean that we lose a few battles but it ultimately probably means that we now are the ones that hopefully will be able to win in the long game. thank you very much for being here. with that our hearing is adjourned. the record will remain open until friday at 5:00 if we have another questions from committee members. we hope that you wil

ms. shaffer. >> chairman murphy, ranking member johnson. thank you for convening this hearing this afternoon. it is a very important topic. the 21 century is the era of natural gas. the 20th century of dominance of coal. the 19th century, coal was the dom nainant fuel. natural gas has many benefits such as low environmental impact and low carbon emissions than most of the other energy sources. it is the fuel that's most compatible with the use of renewable energy however security of supply in natural gas is more challenging than any other fuel source was natural gas's physical qualities make it complicated and expensive to shift. consequently there's a greater need in the coming decades for policies and government involvement to secure security of natural gas. policy should focus on improving the security of supply in europe's most vulnerable markets. observers may speak of a single european energy market but this is an illusion. states in europe's periphery have a bigger security challenge than those in the west or other parts of europe. n

ms. shaffer? >> chairman murphy, ranking member johnson, thank you for convening this hearing this afternoon. very important topic. the 21st century is era of natural gas. 19th century -- >> is your microphone on? if it is not, just pull it towards you. there you go. >> the 21st century is the era of natural gas. in the 19th century, coal was the dominant fuel. 20th cent oil and now resources discovered in vast new locations. natural gas has many benefits. and most any other energy sources. natural gas is the fuel that's most come partible with the use of a base load and power generation. however, security of supply and natural gas is more challenging than any other fuel source. as natural gas is physical qualities make it complicated and difficult to ship. there's meticulous policies and government involvement of security of supply of natural gas. a number of measures to improve european natural gas energy security. first, policy should focus on improving the security of supply in the vulnerable

ms. shaffer? >> chairman murphy, ranking member johnson, thank you for convening this hearing this afternoon. very important topic. the 21st century is era of natural gas. 19th century -- >> is your microphone on? if it is not, just pull it towards you. there you go. >> the 21st century is the era of natural gas. in the 19th century, coal was the dominant fuel. 20th cent oil and now resources discovered in vast new locations. natural gas has many benefits. and most any other energy sources. natural gas is the fuel that's most come partible with the use of a base load and power generation. however, security of supply and natural gas is more challenging than any other fuel source. as natural gas is physical qualities make it complicated and difficult to ship. there's meticulous policies and government involvement of security of supply of natural gas. a number of measures to improve european natural gas energy security. first, policy should focus on improving the security of supply in the vulnerable

ms. shaffer. >> chairman murphy, ranking member johnson. thank you for convening this hearing this afternoon. it is a very important topic. the 21 century is the era of natural gas. the 20th century of dominance of coal. the 19th century, coal was the dom nainant