bolkhov, mtsensk, novosil, livny. from moscow to orel by rail is about 400 km, travel time by train isthe city of military glory and the city of the first salute, the eagle can tell a lot about the military history of the country. in the center orlya, at the arrow of the confluence of the orlik and oka rivers, the oldest stone building of the city, the epiphany cathedral, proudly stands. in its place was an ancient one. slavic settlement, later a fortress appeared on the spit, which marked the beginning of the modern city, the fortress was founded in 1566 by decree of tsar ivan iv the terrible. the king made the decision to build a fortification during an inspection of the southern border lands. at that time the situation in the moscow state was very alarming. the entry of the russian state. the livonian war is very acutely raised the question of a war on two fronts, relations with the crimean khanate were no longer so great by that time, and the prospect of fighting on two fronts, of course, worried the sovereign, because the western direction was needed, it was important in terms of