and so you had ordinary egyptians going out there and say mubarak must go. >> hosni mubarak is egypt'sresident, who's held power over the people for more than 30 years. images of the demonstrations and the police response flood the internet. >> mubarak basically unleashed his security forces all across egypt. so for four days he unleashed everything he had. >> four days into the uprising, hoping to stop the flow of information among the protesters, the government cuts off the internet. >> mubarak thought he could wreck the revolution by putting egypt on information lockdown. so he literally shut down the internet. >> nora younis is a reporter for the "egypt independent," an online and print news source. on the morning of january 28th nora and a colleague hear about a hotel in central cairo that still has internet service. they try to get a room with a view of tahrir square. >> they said they have orders from state security not to sell any rooms overlooking tahrir. so we said okay and we settled for a nile view room. >> while organizing their coverage of the day's events nora notices so

if mubarak steps down who will replace mubarak? if the muslim brotherhood -- and immediately the debates shifted to will the military stay intact in egypt and will we still have those close relationships with the military in egypt? will the united states still have close relationships with the military in and the second debate that ensued was will the muslim brotherhood win the elections? and a lot of people argued initially in the early days of the arab spring there's no way the muslim brotherhood will win the elections. that was the, that was the sort of like the implicit consensus. when the muslim brotherhood did in fact, win the election the debate shifts to can the muslim brotherhood play role of what we the united states have comfortably believed our allies and counterparts should play in the region. and there's a whole history there. there's a military history there's, again the peace treaty with jordan is very important, there's a role egypt plays vis-a-vis other neighbors, so the debate shifted to can morsi uphold and the

in mubarak's time he has to decide very little violence in power.idn't actually have to repress rejections that much has misread the all right with this rule are willing to accept the mediocre barkin that he given them. there is some kind of inevitable calculus where people need a certain amount of livelihood or a certain amount of freedom to remain quiet. if you give them complete failure in terms of health and housing and all the basic amenities of life in you humiliate them on the other hand spiritually, politically engaged than s-sierra outlet for free expression and political site, there will is slow. that is the vision that today a lot of people think of when i look at egypt. the cdc is working 10 times as hard to keep the lid on this country as any of the rulers in the previous 60 years had to work and he is going to need to achieve hard to do miracles to stay in power for 10 years. he has to solve some bad economic goblins and he's trying to approach them without any experts from outside the narrow circle of military amenities surrounding th

in mubarak's time, he had applied very little violence to stay in power. didn't actually have to repress egyptians that much because most egyptians were either all right with his rule or willing to accept the mediocre bargain that he had given them. and there's some kind of ineffable calculus where people need a certain amount of livelihood or a surgeon amount of freedom -- or a certain amount of freedom to remain quiet. and if you give them complete failure in terms of health and housing and all the basic amenities of life and you humiliate them -- on the other hand spiritually and politically give them zero outlet for free expression and political say -- they will explode. and that is, that is the equation that i think today a lot of people misread when they look at egypt. i thinkal city city is working ten times as hard to keep the lid on his country as any of the rulers in the previous 60 years had to work, and he's going to have to achieve some hard-to-do miracles to stay in power for ten years. he's going to have to solve some gut economic problems,

he wanted to help her thinking she was the niece of hosni mubarak. that cleared the way for the return to politics once another ban for tax fraud ends next year. he will be able to re-energize his party he has already pulled out of an alliance with matteo renzi over the backing for a presidential candidate he did not like. familiarity -- his legal was are not behind him. facing charges of paying witnesses along with political corruption in naples. genie: the islamic state has reportedly launched a major offensive to try and capture a kurdish town. targeting the town of ras al-ain. the iraqi army has retaken a town outside tikrit. olivia has details. olivier: cause for celebration as they regain control of al-ain 8, does north of tikrit. a town was retaken by loyalist fighters. it was the next target in the battle to reach tikrit, the hometown of saddam hussein. >> units from the militia, the army, the federal police and tribal fighters have had victories here. >> for over a week iraqi soldiers have been engaged in a major offensive to regain control

and the argument for the united states to support mubarak, he was someone who would benefit allied despite how demonic his government had been. president obama decided against that and basically supported at least tacitly the uprising. and now in 2013 it may be the opposite decision. stability does count more than democracy or its ideals. just wondering from critiquing american decisions, how did we do -- what mistakes we make and how would you do it differently? >> i don't have time to tell you all the mistakes that were made here. the basic problem has been not having a strategy, not having an idea and reacting. the arab uprising countess off guard here three months later what was our response? we still didn't have one. one year later, what do we want? still don't have one. that goes on today. pacific the u.s. spends billions of dollars in egypt has been on the ground in all kinds of ways come the summer was share quite helpful to the country for decades and yet has managed to alienate and enrage every single constituency in the country. somehow today, muslim brothers, revolutionary acti

a lower court sentenced hosni mubarak to three years gaol and sons to four years, for embezzling 16 million. egypt egypt counts on foreign countries to inject money. a newly released report accuses egypt of putting foreign investors about the interests of its people. >> egypt is hoping foreign invest juniors will pop money into a struggling economy. the ministry produced a promotional video for an economic conference that begins on friday. >> we are welcoming. >> a new report from the egyptian center for economic and social rites says egypt's guest is violating human rights damaging countries and allowing them to get away with death and tax. new laws give companies an immunity shielding them from prosecution in the courts when allegations arrive. the egyptian center for economic rights says egypt allows foreign companies to crush rights. whether stopping efforts to unionize or failing to adhere to health regulations. the government message is despite turmoil, the country is a safe wet. >> the country is stable. >> bombings are app increasing threat for egyptians. once confined to targetting

. >> in the two years he's been driving, cinque mubarak has been pulled over more than seven times - and only twice has it been for any discernible reason. >> i've had the last person actually ask me "did you, did you steal this car"? like he asked that question... this is a normal traffic stop, why are you asking me that, you know? >> and he's telling me that he's gonna arrest me... and he, he's arresting me! >> african americans are much more likely than whites to be pulled over by the police for so called "investigative stops" which are intended not to ticket the driver, but to search the car. one study suggests that african american males under the age of 25 are as much as three times more likely to be pulled over than there white counter parts. john burris, a member of rodney kings legal team whos cases are often made on cell phone footage, says it can make all the difference in court. >> he is beating her up, yo. >> oh my gosh. >> when cell phones came out years ago, i myself would use a cell phone. when i got stopped, i would have somebody on the phone, i would tell my wife "i

. >>> the retrial of egypt's former president has knew mubarak and his two sons will begin next monthd his sons were originally convicted last may of embezzling nearly $18 million to develop their own private buildings. the trio appealed the ruling and now a cairo court has set the matter down for april 4th. >>> meanwhile, a fan group of the egyptian football club has held protests in egypt over deadly clashes at a match in cairo last month. the ultra white knights are demanding justice for 19 peeled crushed to death in a stampede after police fired tear gas to stop fans from entering the stadium. >>> again, staying in egypt. the country is looking abroad to help rerife its ailing economy. it will be doing the big sell at an equipment development conference being held at the red sea resort. but a new report accuses the country of putting foreign investors before the interests of the egypt people. natasha ghoneim reports. >> reporter: egypt is hoping foreign investors will pump money in to its struggling economy pitch the ministry of investment produced this promotional video for its e

in 2002 there was a conference like this under mubarak, and basically those who attended that conference they promised egypt $15 billion. no dollar has been paid to egypt since. now this is the same sen sen -- scenario. and keep in mind last four years egypt received nearly 30 -- or 25 billion from [ inaudible ] state only and just -- you know, as -- as support, and nothing has happened in the economy. so basically it is -- promising is something as you mentioned. but who will pay at the end of the day? who will go and invest in egypt in the question of legitimacy, the question of how much you feel secure to put your money and your people on the ground in egypt, it's also a matter of who is running the country? who holds accountable if i put my money, what is going to happen? if you remember his speech he was trying to say that, you know, the new packages of the law and regulations will allow egyptian government to pay back the invested money. he wants to send the message that you will be okay come and invest. so the government feels the need to send that message. and i think this will i

if mubarak steps down who will replace mubarak? if the muslim brotherload -- immediately the debate shifted to, will the military stay intact in egypt and will we still have those close relationships with the military in egypt in will the united states have close relations with the military, and the second debate that ensued was will the muslim brotherhood win the election, and a lot of peel argued in the early days of the arab spring there's no way the muslim brotherhood will win elections. that was the implicit consensus. when the muslim brotherhood did in fact win the election the debate shifted to, can the muslim brotherhood play the role of what we the united states have comfortably believed our egyptian allies and counterparts should play in the region? and there's a wheel history. the military history the treaty with israel is important, the regional role that egypt plays, the regional role that egypt plays vis-a-vis other neighbors. so the debate can morsi uphold agreements in ways that will make the u.s. comfortable. i bel

he was a long-term security officer under toppled president mubarak.was appointed in 2012 under egypt's first elected civilian president, mohammed morsi. supporters of morsi accuse the minister of collaborating with the military to orchestrate the coup against the president. ibrahim lead the violent crackdown on the muslim brotherhood and their support base. between 400 to 800 people were killed in cairo when security forces dispersed the protest camps in august 2013. human rights watch urged an investigation into crimes against humanity be carried out against egyptian officials including general ibrahim. they have been accused of carrying out torture and human rights abuse in an attempt to crackdown on decent. ibrahim was featured in a number of audio leaks in which he helped the mill stair hide the where abouts of detained president morsi and obstructing justice. he was given the green light to his officers to use force against protesters. he also came to the spotlight after a stampede in february which lead to the death of at least 19 fans of a foot

mubarak out. nobody said what they were for. mubarak out. , now what? i think that was one of the distinction factors between america and the egyptians. we did not just say, england out. it started with a vision of where we wanted to go, and you can look at the declaration of independence. the rest of it is, and here is how england is preventing this from happening. i think there is a lot to be said from that idea of where we can go, which is really lacking in a lot of democracies, whatever you want to -- sheila: i agree with that. maybe we have to hit rock bottom, where things get so fractious and bad that people are fed up and willing to give support to someone with a strong mandate. i would love to have a teddy roosevelt on the political horizon. all those things we were talking about. a leader, a strong sense of public purpose. he was willing to betray his own class to break up some unsavory business practices, to help the country and the economy more broadly. i think having that kind of leadership today would be good. i am not saying it is not goin

mubarak was no prize. he was not bad towards israelis and kept the region stable. assad is the same thing, horrible human being. >> 250000 people have been killed by the hands of their leader. >> but that's the problem you wasn't a regime change? >> we have to use him and then -- >> this all goes back to -- >> this is what you do. >> it all goes back to the red line and not enforcing it. the day that i know a former administration official said this is the day that wrecked the world. it's playing out. >> that sticks to hillary which goes to -- >> your next segment. thank you for that transition. kimberly has 2016 news about hillary next. >> red line, baby. ♪ help brazil reduce its overall reliance on foreign imports with the launch of the country's largest petrochemical operations. when emerson takes up the challenge it's never been done before simply becomes consider it solved. emerson. and an early morning mode. and a partly sunny mode. and an outside...to clear inside mode. transitions ® signature ™ adaptive lenses... ...now have chromea7 ™ technology... ...maki

in the gulf felt that we were too quick to throw hosni mubarak under the bus. we announced assad would go in syria and then we didn't enforce those warnings. we didn't enforce our red lines. with the recent nuclear negotiations with iran which essentially will preserve iran's nuclear program we have also seen in the sunni muslim world has the u.s. acquiescing to shiite demands. even today when we looked at the armed forces in iraq come, the battle which is going on right now for tikrit where there are 30,000 iraqi forces to retake the city from isis is dominated by suleimani the iranian revolutionary guard. he is not commanding from afar. he is on-site. shiite militias are on the frontline. the capabilities of the professional iraqi military still leave an enormous amount to be desired. .. the same fate. america's loyalty and support. >> interesting. another neighbor, turkey. take us through turkey's performance, strategy, objectives throughout this whole prices, the multiple constituencies and how you view the turkish role. >> turkey is proven to be a false fr

in the gulf felt that we were too quick to throw hosni mubarak under the bus. we announced that assad would go in syria, and then we didn't enforce those warnings. we didn't enforce our red line. the recent nuclear negotiations with iran which essentially will preserve rapp's nuclear program -- iran's nuclear program are also seen in the sunni muslim world as u.s. acquiescing to shiite demands. and even today when we look at armed forces in iraq battle which is boeing on right now for tikrit -- going on right now for tikrit where there are 30 thousand iraqi forces massed to retake the city from isis is dominated by sulemani, the general in charge of the quds force, the iranian revolutionary guard. he's not commanding from afar he is on site. shiite militias are on the front line. the capabilities of the professional iraqi military still leave an enormous amount to be desired. so the perception that the u.s. has essentially shifted its alliance through its negotiations with iran by finding common cause with hezbollah against muslim sunni fighters in syria have a

obama administration praises president sisi who arguably rules in a more repressive manner than hosni mubarak. sisi's regime has jails protesters and jailed tens of thousands, mostly from the opposition opposition according to human rights watch. there was an american president who understood blind support for arab dictators no matter that they were admirably secular or willing to jail jihadis or willing to stay at peace with israel. he said "60 years of western nations excusing and accommodating the lack of freedom in the middle east did nothing to make us safe." that was of course george w. bush. the fact that bush's administration so botched its remedy regime change and occupation of iraq should not blind us to the fact that it was accurate and intelligent in its diagnosis of the problem. the arab world provides no easy answers. trapped as it is between repressive dictators and ill-liberal democrats. but that does not mean blindly supporting the autocrats is the answer. with the military dictators and engaging in joint military actions with the absolute monarchy of saudi arabia we should b

obama said mubarak must go.s in a little package, turn time back and send them back to their countries, 99 out of 100 foreign policy perts in washington, d.c. would say, that's a deal. >> that's where i've always been. >> that's real politics. >> i always thought they were jokes. they were the front line states oh jekzist states against israel which israel can handle with their left hand. they were never a threat to israel. you can't stop the clock either. like i said a few moments ago, we don't control the movement of history in the middle east. we may have held don to mubarak a bit longer. it doesn't mean the shah is going to survive. it doesn't mean we can stop history. >> now we have sisi though. >> i think the enthusiasm for the arab spring was over done. >> i think it was, too. i will agree with that. and what we have is, we have somehow managed to get back to where we were before the soviet union fell katty, where it's real politic. i don't want to know all the things they do in their country. are they go

even if they jump 5% compared to mubarak, this does not guarantee social and plottical stability again. there's another issue the issue of the two -- there are seeds of contribution in the strategy. in one area, the current regime seems to be going liberal counting on subsidies trying to get fortune investments, but at the same time, there is an arm of the state intervening in the market and skewing it to their favor, the military establishment with economic investments that has a list of economic privileges that may undermine the competition the free and fair competition with private investors mainly because of the free land, because of no taxation, because of preferential customs and exchange rates because an army with the soldiers as conscripts. part of what happened in 2011, the military removing must be remember was because of the new economic policies that threatened the military economic interests. there is a bit of contention between these two actors in the economic world. >> thank you for joining us from london. >> still to come on the al jazeera news hour, we'll continue our

that is to say, because of american support for israel and for dictatorships like hosni mubarak's regime in europe or -- in egypt or the late musharraf of iran or the saudi's energy policies in the middle east, our involvement in the gulf war, tanker wars, obviously the more recent iraq wars, there's a whole list of policies that you can list and you can say, well, this is the problem. if you change the policy and this is what would you hear from ron paul but you'd also hear it from people on the political left, if you change the policy you largely remove the problem, which is to say that terrorism is a function, is a reaction to western policy in middle eastern countries. and the second side of that debate has said no, in fact, it's more fundamental and it's really a clash of civilizations or, if not civilizations, then perhaps, at least, of values which is to say that you have throughout the middle east both among the secular autocrtats of the baath regime or saudi fundamentalists, you have values or a set of of the shia and shiite. freedom of the press, freedom of conscious, all of th

that began with letting mubarak fall. that's continued in other areas.ey and from is reechlt these are not easy allies. but they require support. secondly, we have to be respected and even feared in the middle east and look like we're willing to sustain. it's a good thing. the president just announced it. simultaneously, hour he said they're all going to be out by 2016. we know that isn't true. if he does that which i doubt, the next president whoever he oar she is, is going to put them back in. but by saying these kinds of things, we look like we're waffling waffling, like we're weak. >> rick? >> ambassador in my lifetime, every generation has brought a moment where the middle east seems to be reach that point where it boils over. this certainly seems to be one of those moments. i'm curious where you see this one as compared to other points in time where the middle east has exploded. >> 1979 is the last period where you can say we were at that point. with the soviets engaged with afghanistan. another group of sunni islamic revolutionaries seizing the gr

now, i do think mubarak, there needed to be a change. some time for it to stabilize. >> we got to go but just begging for one more second. if someone told you when you were energy secretary in 2015 we'll be more -- well not more aligned with iran but there will be questions about our relationship with israel and we'll be almost energy self-sufficient or at least a bigger producer than saudi arabia, would you believe that? >> no. we're the biggest oil and gas producer because of renewable energy and shale. when i came on it was $10 a barrel. the gas guys were dying. >> i don't think we thought there was enough here for us. back then they said we don't need to open any more lands because we really can't -- it's going to be on the margin. we can't produce that much here. and we did. >> it was technology. it was hydraulic fracturing that opened this up. >> you said renewable too. which part of that? >> solar, wind. >> it's more shale, come on. >> you said renewable first. >> exactly. >> that's your story and you're sticking to it? seriously?

in egypt, it was the displacement of mubarak. everywhere your organization has been, isis appears to grow and become stronger and those areas where you have been. what is it that you can save that will end that trend? guest: i think you confuse my organization with another. we have no involvement in egypt or libya. host: let's hear from ralph, tennessee. republican line. caller: my comment is that this president has done everything he can to undermine the new congress ever since they got elected. he does not seem to want to work with them. if you had kept them more advised from the beginning on this whole thing i think it would have gone a lot smoother with this nuclear arms deal with iran. he has undermined this congress since they took over. he basically snapped israel since -- snubbed israel since he has been an long -- in office. i understand why netanyahu wanted to speak with republicans. basically those who did not go to the speech were democrats. they do not seem to want to take care of our allies, which is israel. we shou