admiral mike mullen. then we'll turn to health care reform which congress con frnts this week. can a plan be put together by august? how will it be paid for? we'll talk with two senators central to the negotiations: republican chuck grassley of iowa and democrat chuck schumer of new york. but first admiral mike mullen on "face the nation." captioning sponsored by cbs "face the nation" with cbs news chief washington correspondent bob schieffer. ú and now from washington, don dickerson. >> welcome again to the broadcast. bob schieffer is off this morning. joining us now chairman of the joint chiefs of staff admiral mike mullen. thank you for being with us. i want to ask you first about afghanistan. there are new operations and they're testing the u.s. counterinsurgency strategy. can you give us a progress report. >> i'm comfortable with the strategy. we've had launched an operation earlier this week. the first significant one. what's most important is that i think we know how to do counterinsurgency. we've

later in the program we'll get a breakdown from the chairman of the joint chiefs admiral mike mullen. we begin today, though, with soldier turned diplomat colin powell. he once sevened in the job admiral mullen now holds and was secretary of state in the bush administration. general powell is out of government but still eager to serve especially young americans in struggling house holds and broken schools. >> america's promise is your passion. a lot of debate about how much of this is the government's job and how much is private citizens and private organizations doing kmumtd service. >> it's a job that belongs to as of us and not any one of us can solve the problem. when we created american's promise back with president clinton to and all of the presidents they said a country as wealthy as we are should not have kids in disparate kids. it focused getting mentors, giving them a says place to go, make sure they had a healthy start in life, make sure they were acquiring a skill to give them a job and finally making sure that youngsters early in life got a chance to serve others. that's

andrew mike mullen. in a half-hour, the apollo 11 astronauts talk about their mission to the man who they lend it 40 years ago today. after that, we will air again the comments about health care legislation from president obama and republican national committee chairman michael steele. on washington journal tomorrow morning, we will discuss afghanistan with michael o'hanlon ambassador christopher hill has an update on iraq. we will focus on the health-care debate with representatives christopher murphy and joe barton. also, we have mike allen, the chief white house correspondent for "the politico." >> join the conversation on civil rights and race relations with npr and fox news analyst juan williams live in two weeks.

with chairman of the joint chiefs mike mullen as our guide, we fly you a board the u.s.s.ald reagan" where f-18 fighter jets streak off the flight deck to support the 57,000 ground troops now fighting the taliban. often, just the presence of these fearsome warplanes roaring overhead is enough to stop taliban attacks. >> it was a request by ground controller for one of the jets to drop a bomb. he called down, he said, let's try a show of force first. i think that's very reflective of understanding that new policy. >> we're about to take off. 120 in 1.5 seconds. we blasted off the carrier hoping to tour the battlefield in iraq, but a fast-moving sandstorm grounded us in the northern city of kirkuk. it's hard to believe that it's been three and a half years since i was back here in this country. and now, to be back and see this from the sky as we're flaying in and then suddenly sand hits again, just like it did during that invasion in 2003. from there, we took off for afghanistan. where chairman mullen told troops at bagram air base that they are getting the resources now to

here to help, is america's highest ranking military office, admiral mullen. welcome back. admiral thank you for starting at the magic wall. let's begin in afghanistan. i want you to feel free to step up to the map and show us exactly where these marines are fighting and as you do, sir, explain who is the enemy here. is at any time taliban or a mix of taliban and al qaeda? >> good morning. we put in about an additional 10,000 marines in afghanistan, most of them are in the south. as it shows here on the map, and this is the capital of afghanistan, kabul. i'll take you to helmand where the fighting is going on. you can see specifically in this area of garmsir is where the marines are engaged. what cuts through this is the river, the helmand river, the river valley. this is the most concentrated area for opium growing and we expect, we expect significant combat challenges with respect to the taliban who have been there and we haven't been able to both defeat them and then clear the area. it's this extra footprint of marines that i think will allow us not just to secure the ar

when admiral mullen said this on your show today, it was remarkable. think this notion of talking about the president's intent, the admiral, really through the marker down on the table to the rest of the u.s. military. this is what the president wants, the military will support him, the only question now is how to get it all done with congress, john. >> and as the president prepares to come to moscow where ed and jill are standing by, an issue barbara is tracking is the escalation in afghanistan. it's an issue when they're meeting with the russian counterpart. ed spend time on our magic map going through the escalation that the military operation now under way in afghanistan outline in the stakes. >> we'll go up close into helmand where the fighting is going on. you can see specifically in this area of garmsir as well as khan kn neshin, and there's the helmand river, the whole river valley. this is the most concentrated area for opium growing. we expect significant combat challenge with respect to to the taliban who have been there and we haven't been

of the joint chiefs of state of, padmy ral mike mullen. you showed us on the map what you think is the strategic situation in iraq. i want to talk about the images we saw this past week. has the united states kept that promise, they were celebrations in the street. iraqi citizens celebrates the u.s. troops moving out of the city, many calling them occupiers. in a statement prime minister maliki focused on the iraqi government saying the united government succeeded in putting down the sectarian war threatening the unity and sovereignty in iraq. the prime minister does not thank the military in his speech. i'm wondering to the parents, the spouses and siblings of the more than 4300 americans that gave their lives so far so those people had the rights to be in the streets demonstrating, so prime minister maliki could have a government, what kind of message does it send to them? >> i've said many times i'm very proud to lead the best military i've ever been associated with in the over 40 years that i've been wearing the uniform. the 2.2 millio

that is a bleak assessment from admiral mullen, isn't it? >> that's right. it's clear the admiral think it's going to be a hard struggle. the pakistan army trying to root out the pakistani talha band. the fight has begun in earnest in the way we have not seen in the last couple of years. >> -- the pakistan-- pakistani . >> how are they stronger, the taliban? >> we spent most of those eight years guarding coupkabul. it's a couple of years before the international coalitions went to the south. then in that time the taliban regrouped on the other side of the border. we did not spent those eight years as aggressively as was required. >> then there's the question, are we up for it? we have criticism in britain. none of helicopters. >> the great british-afghan debate has begun. a lot of british people say 9000 troops, can they do what they are being required to do? it is important to look at what the sources on the ground say. there is much greater optimism on the ground than what we see back here. there's a feeling that finally with the american uplift of 4000 ma

admiral mike mullen took it upon himself to wag his finger at the service chiefs. he said, we're not doing enough to train the soldiers on how to treat detainees on the battlefield. this is a sensitive topic. he is pleased that the photos were not released because it could have led to soldiers being killed in iraq in revenge. he is not calling for them to be released. he was horrified when he saw the pictures. shepard: thank you. we will talk about health care in just a moment. what would you ask the white house about the health care proposals? there are five of them. democrats are arguing from within. they are having a hard time getting this thing pushed forward. republicans are speaking right now on this matter. the republicans have offered their own alternative to the democrats' plans. i am led to believe the republicans are speaking right now. they are working to get that technically organized so that you can hear the republican plans. i am told that is just a few seconds away. we will be where will you find the stability and resources to keep you ahead of this

well, today, admiral mike mullen, chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, was asked about reports thathe defense department's website was attacked as well. >> we are constantly probed in the cyber world. we have been for some time. without going into any specific details of that, i'm comfortable that we are ral lert -- we are alert. we recognize the probes and we are responding. >> the department many of homeland security is reportedly heading up the protection plans for federal agencies, and a d.h.s. spokesman said the affected websites are up and running properly and add "we see see attacks on federal networks every day and measures in place have minimized the impact to federal websites. " senator lieberman was briefed on this attack and he says it does not appear it did any serious damage but it is clear of it coortdz nated and lieberman believed it was launched to, quote, send a message. >> shannon,ing thank you. a rocky road for a gubernatorial state that loves its mountains and one congressman deflects millions to a defense contract to a company that has no idea how to build it.

we'll hear from admiral mike mullen, chairman of the joint chiefs of staff. then unemployment goes up again. is another governor stimulus needed? we'll ask steny hoyer and john boehner, plus our sunday panel looks at what the palin announcement means for her and the republican party and one more look at a spectacular fourth, all right now on "fox news sunday." hello again and happy fourth of july weekend from fox news in washington. and what a weekend it's been. with sarah palin's stunner of an announcement that she's leaving office later this month. saturday palin posted a statement on facebook that cited a higher calling to advance the country along conservative principles. to help sort out why palin is stepping down, we welcome from anchorage alaska's lieutenant governor sean parnell, karl rove, and former governor mike huckabee who ran for president last year. lieutenant governor parnell, sarah palin called you into her office to drop the bombshell. in a couple of sentences, because i'm sure a lot of people are still a little bit confused, why did she say

we'll get a status report in the nation's top military man, admiral mike mullen, chairman of the joint chiefs of staff. then, unemployment goes up again. is another government stimulus needed? we will ask the house majority leader and minority leader. plus, our sunday panel looks at what the palin announcement means for her and the republican party. and one more look at the spectacular fourth. all right now on "fox news sunday." hello again and happy further of july weekend -- happy fourth of july weekend from fox news in washington. what a weekend it has been. with sarah palin's stunner of an announcement that she is leaving office later this month. saturday, palin posted a statement on facebook that cited a higher calling to advance the country along conservative principles. to help sort out why palin is stepping down and what she does now, we welcome from anchorage, alaska's lieutenant governor shawn parnell who takes over from palin in just three weeks. in austin texas, karl rove. and from little rock, arkansas, former governor mike huckabee who ran for president last year lieutena

i thought general mullen sounded more concerned than he has in a long timand saying all the options are on theable includinmilitary opons and hasaid that in the past but for while. >> charlie: at do you ma of wh the vice president said when h was in iraq? >> in rms of iran? >> charliein terms of ira and israel. >> well i think the vice president,ometimes the vice present isn't ectly on the same page that's administration in general. but g generally he sees it's thre as well and the united states isn't going to sp something lik that,srael has its own saty. >> you think if heaid if israel goes ahead he will not try to sp them. >> ihink they're concerned about whether isra goes ahead d that's a point that airal mullen made today if someone else tries to strik it has a huge effect in the rion andwe would ve to pay for at as we in terms of relaonships th those coutrie >> chaie: let me move back to russia since the psident is there. the issue of georgia and the ukraine in tms ofrussia's intentions and what is important to russia, miael? >> this is a vy tricky issue. as mentioned, we have eand

i thought general mullen sounded more concerned than he has in a long time and saying all the options are on the table including military options and has said that in the past but for a while. >> charlie: what do you make of what the vice president said when he was in iraq? >> in terms of iran? >> charlie: in terms of iran and israel. >> well i think the vice president, sometimes the vice president isn't exactly on the same page that's administration in general. but ge generally he sees it's a threat as well and the united states isn't going to stop something like that, israel has its own safety. >> you think if he said if israel goes ahead he will not try to stop them. >> i think they're concerned about whether israel goes ahead and that's a point that admiral mullen made today if someone else tries to strike it has a huge effect in the region and we would have to pay for that as well in terms of relationships with those coutries. >> charlie: let me move back to russia since the president is there. the issue of georgia and the ukraine in terms of russia's intentions and what is impor

on july 8th, admiral mike mullen will discuss recent developments in u.s. national security and priorities going forward. on july 10th, the founder and counsel for the southern poverty law center will join us and on july 21st, gail mcgovern, president and ceo of the american red cross will address a luncheon. let me present our guest with these traditional mugs. as a our last question will you tell us about the suit in these months blessing. -- sudanese blessing. >> it was a wonderful experience. we arrived when the folk festival was in full swing. lots of fun. each year a country is featured. it is a wonderful country between india and pakistan. it has the life of people. they brought over a number of months. monks who have never left the monastery, the first time on an airplane. when they came here it was a delightful contrast. the nasa people had their moon boots. the nassau folks had robots roaming around on the mall. these folks had never seen a robot before. they thought it was a real thing. they created a temple on the mall and considered it a holy s

admiral mike mullen spoke about that today. >> that's the most difficult part of fighting a war, those that we lose. we, as a country, owe both the kind of dignity that the ceremonies at dover speak to when you see them and respect for those who have sacrificed so much. >> admiral mullen says the decision to allow media coverage was an important one. >>> a major security flaw in federal buildings exposed by the government accountability office. undercover investigators managed to smuggle bomb components into ten different government buildings in four cities. they then assembled the explosives in restrooms without anyone stopping them. the agency in charge of security now harass 60 days to improve its guard training. and homeland officials think no data has been stolen in a series of cyberattacks on u.s. websites. some have been hit along with south korea. south korea is blaming unnamed sources who blame north korea for the attacks. they say the attacks that starts on the fourth of july are primitive and have probably originated in china. >>> and a breakthrough. lisa ling said her siste

. >> while there will be plenty of debate for -- before any action, mike mullen has said he has begin discussing how repeal will be implemented. that decision would not been easy. >> the policy was created by bill clinton in 1993 as a way of letting gay men and women serve. the policy was created with 15,000 discharged for being gay. 287 after president obama took office. >> we're hearing for the first time the 911 call that brought professor gates face-to-face with james crowley. we have more, including an invitation for president obama for both men to visit the white house. >> james crowley returned to work monday morning after a tumultuous week in which he was indirectly criticized by the president for arresting dr. henry louis gates, jr., in his home. cambridge police made the 911 tapes from the suspected break- in on july 15 public, presumably to silence critics, including gates himself, who charge the professor was racially profile. >> are not sure if these were two individuals who lived there. >> you think they may have been breaking in. >> i have no idea. >> the caller does no

gary mullen. second inning. ryan deep to the gap. gutierrez hoping to make a play but crashed into the scoreboard. he was on the ground in obvious pain. he wasn't able to walk off the field. injuring his left elbow and knee. seattle lost, 9-7. dodgers hosting the reds. ramirez forced to leave in the third. ramirez later sent to a hospital for precautioner x-rays which were negative. he's day to day. germany voigt took a nasty spill out of nowhere. he lost consciousness. had to be helicoptered to a local hospital. his tour is is likely after. lance armstrong still in second place behind contador. he said he found a new american sponsor next year. he will likely ride again in 2010. that's an early look at sports on "early today." i'm fred roggin. >>> you will not believe by mary kate and ashley allison are being saluted. . >>> plus, we'll take a look at one young man who is rock steady in more ways than one. you're watching "early today." >>> well, welcome back on this wednesday morning. earlier i had a little computer issue. said suns

what the chairman of the joint chiefs, mike mullen and others, and i'm sure the president feels the same way, that iran has asymmetrical abilities up and down the gulf. you can have oil at $300 almost overnight. take bahrain, two-thirds of the population is shia, and they are under a ruling family. >> let's clarify these terms. and their position as oil exporters. it is not just that they export 1.5 -- two 0.5 million broke -- barrels, but the nation's waterways. >> they had a major naval base in there, they can hurt her u.s. and our friends interest up and down the gulf. that doesn't even begin to mention hamas. >> seven or $8 a gallon for gasoline. that would be a catastrophe. >> that would put us in a worldwide tailspin. it is still not clear how far we would drop. if you bring that up to $300 a barrel, all bets are off at that point. >> i used to be involved with an aspen institute study on this. at a much lower level, and they had a growth rate of 23%. total, economic, collapse is very close to it. >> one assumes that the israelis will attack iran. what are you looking at that will

. >>> mike mullen said any military strike on iran's nuclear facilities would be, quote, very destabilizing>>> and for the first time since the september 11th attacks, the statue of liberty crown opened for independence day. so far more than 14,000 tickets have been sold for that. >>> now here's an early look at how wall street will kick off the day following the long holiday weekend. dow opens 8,280 after losing 223 points thursday. s&p fell 26. the nasdaq tumbled 49 points many taking a look at overseas trading this morning, in tokyo, the nikkei fell 135 points and in hong kong the hang seng tumbled 223 points. >>> for more on that and all your early business headlines, we turn to geoff cutmore from the london headquarters of cnbc. geoff, good morning to you. >> reporter: business coverage kicks off this morning with g.m., a federal judge late sunday approving a plan by g.m. to sell its best assets to a new government-backed company. that's a crucial step now for the business to restructure and complete its trip through the bankruptcy courts. chrysler group sunday announcing the remaining

general mullen.n, alheseocuments will be published and you'lle able toamiliarize yourself with them. on the whole by characterizin our first dayf work athe sults of negotiationshat we have had. i would like to say tt i view them as, first, but ry important, start in the process of improvingfu-scale cooperatiobetween our two cotries, which should go to e benefit of both states and if both states benefity it, at means everybody will benefit by it. i would like tomphasize in conclusion that ourcountr would like to reach such a vel of cooration with the united states whi would be realistically worthy of the 21st century,hich will ensure international peace and security this is in our interests a we e gratulo our arican colleagu f the int work we have de. it is true that the solution of manyorld problems depends on the int will of the united states and russia. thank you. >> good afternoon, everybody. an i want to thank president medvedev and the russian people for their hospitality. michelle and i and our

>> in a few moments, monday's news conference with defense secretary robert gates and andrew mike mullen. in a half-hour, the apollo 11 astronauts talk about their mission to the man who they lend it 40 years ago today. after that, we will air again the comments about health care legislation from president obama and republican national committee chairman michael steele. on washington journal tomorrow morning, we will discuss afghanistan with michael o'hanlon ambassador christopher hill has an update on iraq. we will focus on the health-care debate with representatives christopher murphy and joe barton. also, we have mike allen, the chief white house correspondent for "the politico." >> join the conversation on civil rights and race relations with npr and fox news analyst juan williams live in two weeks. >> defense secretary robert gates said today that the army would temporarily and 20,000 more soldiers. his comments came at a half-hour news conference with the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, and to mike mullen. >> good afternoon, today, i am announcing a decision to temporarily i

. >> reporter: from there we took off for afghanistan where chairman mullen told troops they're getting the resources now to win. >> and as we shift our main effort and you represent that from iraq to afghanistan. >> reporter: 68,000 troops by the end of this year and with more forces going at the enemy, there will likely be more casualties. is this riseing? >> it is. the last week has been the highest they've had over the last three years. >> reporter: today chairman mullen awarded two service members purple hearts. he know there is will be many more. bob woodruff, abc news, afghanistan. >> it has to have been an emotional trip for bob woodruff. he had that well publicized accident back in iraq a few years back when he was standing in the back hatch of a tank and an ied went off and injured him so severely. >> certainly after so much rehab as well to get him back to where he was before it all happened. in afghanistan the presidential lek is set for august 20th. a lot of people hoping the tides will chang there. >> up next, the space mission that captured worldwide attention 40 years ag

military officials including secretary gates, admiral mullen, and general petraeus.irregular warfare is not just a short-term challenge. rather, it is a long-term reality that requires realignment of both military strategy and spending. as secretary gates has said, this rebalancing need not come at the expense of conventional weapons systems which are deeply embedded in the department of defense, in its bureaucracy, in the defense industry and in the congress. at the same time we must move away from funding cold war-era weapons programs with an eye towards the future and accept that threat requirements have changed. this requires difficult decisions and sacrifice and change, difficult decisions to sacrifice such as ending the f-22 production line which the white house and the department of defense have concluded will save valuable resources that could be more usefully employed. as president obama explained yesterday in a letter to the senate, this determination was not made casually. it was a result of several analyses conducted by the department of defense regarding

michael mullen said, "i have been for some time concerned that any strike on iran by israel. i worry about it being very destabilizing, not just in and of itself, but the unintended consequences of a strike lick that." where do you fall on the spectrum of administration views on the impact of a strike by israel? >> well, let me say, i personally don't see the contradiction here. the vice president was stating a fact. israel is a sovereign nation. any sovereign nation facing what it considers to be an existential threat, as successive israeli governments have characterized the possibility of iran having a nuclear weapon would mean to them, is not going to listen to other nations. if they believe that they are acting in the furtherance of their survival. however, as admiral mullen said, we continue to believe that very intensive diplomacy, bringing the international community together, making clear to the iranians what the costs of their pursuit of nuclear weapons might be is the preferable route. so, clearly, we have a long, durable relationship with israel. we believe strongl

that assessment from general mike mullen is spot on. he estimates iran will have a bomb within one to the three years but cautions military actions while still an option could prompt attacks on gulf states and de stabilize the reason. it's time for direct links between washington and iran. during the cold war the sovietn union and the united states wanted to destroy one another. that didn't stop them from talking. a failure to communicate is driving tensions with north korea. he has cut communications with the outside world and adopted a reckless and unpredictable posture on atomic bombs. north korea and iran have proven intransigent when it comes to giving up their programs. north korea is not interested in talking, but that's not yet the case with iran. before we leave, we salute the 2009 military times service members of the year chosen for going above and beyond the call of duty. to learn more about the winners, fago to militarytimes.com/fmoy. captions by: caption colorado, llc (800) 775-7838

admiral mike mullen is the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, and attended the ceremony. he's said to felt especially braun today, given the large number of remains coming home from a particularly deadly day. >>> and still ahead on "world news," new findings abbottout bottled water. what you're paying for and what you get. that will be our "closer look." >>> struggling airlines slashing ticket prices agai >>> and love, italian style. with theyes of the world on italy for the g-8 summit, the prime minister keeps his eye on the ladies. announcer: 93% of those ho tried activia would recommend it./ julia tolbert, tell me your story. and i honestly thoughta/ it was just a part of life. what made you first ry activia? i saw this ad, and i said, ok, i love yogurt and hey,it worked!, i saw this ad, humm. said, ok, announcer: activia is clinically prven to help regulate your igestive system in two weeks when eate every day. and now try a deicious blend of cereal, fibenew activia fiber.rt./ with glad odor shield. speciatechnology embedded in the whole bag neutralizes odors. your ki

. >> reporter: as former chief of operations for the coalition forces in iraq, jim mullen knows the cost of underresourcing a war. he believes troop numbers should be doubled. >> is that the war in the afghan province never reaches a decisive stage. we never win and we never lose. this happened in iraq and we stayed there for year after year after year with a trickle of casualties. let's get in there. let's get serious about this war. and let's resource it. >> reporter: one little discussed fact or that keeps the major parties in this fight is alliance maintenance. australia's in afghanistan because the united states is there. >> commitment to alliance in afghanistan is one thing. and i would certainly support that. but an argument that we're there to prevent terrorism in australia, i don't think is very sustainable. >> reporter: getting into the war was easier than leaving it will be. >> what signal would we send to terrorism in indonesia if we were to akbroond the battle of terrorism in afghanistan? >> we have to make progress in afghanistan. we know that that's not going to occur quic

. >> reporter: as foer chief of operationfor the coalition forces in aq, jim mullen knows the cost of underresourci a war. he belies troop numbers shoul be doubled. >>s that the war in e afghan province never reaches a decisivestage. we ner win and w never lo. this hapned in iraq a we ayed there for year afterear after ye with a tckle of casualties. les get in there. let's get seriousbout this war. d let's resourc t. >> reporter:ne little discusd fact or that keeps the major paies in this fight is alliance mainnance. australia's afghanistan beuse the united states is there. commitment to alliance in afghanistan is one thing. and i wold certainly support that. butn argument that wee there prevent terrorism in austraa, i don't think is vy stainable. >> repter: getting int the wa was easier thaneaving it wilbe. >> what signal would w send to trorism in indonesia if w were to akbroon the battle of terrorism afghanian? >> we haveo make progress in afghanistan. we know that that's not going t occ quickly. we know we're there effectively fo the long haul. >> reporter: there's only one thing

chairman of the joint chiefs, admiral mike mullen was on hand for it.ive, four soldiers and a sailor were all killed in afghanistan monday. most of them in different regions. it was the single deadliest day that war has seen in almost a year. we have been reporting here this week on the violent unrest that has claimed more than 150 lives in western china. authoritieveno pw hahe tlace r hedeunlock down.de eyt th have allowed some media in for a closer look. and our own ian williams is there tonight. >> reporter: they flooded into the region this morning, a massive, calculated show of force. the chinese government, determined to stifle the worst unrest this region has seen in decades. the security forces have locked down the city center, blocking every junction. but the city remains tense. officials say 156 people died sunday in clashes involving the country's han chinese majority and the minority muslim uighurs who have taken to the streets in protest against their treatment. sporadic clashes have continued and chinese mobs roaming the streets seeking re

thanks to admiral mike mullen and his russian counterpart, we have agreed to resume military cooperation between the united states and russia. this provides a framework for its robertbetter cooperation to better address terrorism. we have also agreed on a commission on prisoners of war and missing in action, which will allow our governments to cooperate in our unwavering commitment to the servicemen and service women. we have taken important steps forward to broaden our cooperation on a full range of issues that affect the security and prosperity of our people. we are creating a u.s.-russian bilateral presidential commission to serve as a new foundation for this cooperation. too often, we only communicate on a narrow range of issues, or let old habits within bureaucracies and in the way of progress. the commission will improve working groups on the development of the economy, energy and environment, nuclear energy insecurity, arms control, and international security, defense, foreign policy, a counter-terrorism, preventing in handling emergencies, civil society, science and technology, s