do you admire benito mussolini? but is it true that on mussolini's...ry of mussolini's birthday last summer, you posted on social media the quote, "so many enemies, so much honour," which of course is an echo of course mussolini's own saying, "many enemies, much honour." did you do that? but it is an interesting intellectualjourney you have made, because as a youth you were a communist. now you are a member of one of europe's leading far—right political movements. for a long time you are a supporter of secession for the north of italy, a regionalist, now you claim to be an italian nationalist. it is quite hard to pin down what is the core of your philosophy. what is it that you actually, truly believe in? when it comes to your style of politics, i look at the people you seem to admire most and be closest to around europe and around the world, and it has to be said many of them appear to be authoritarians in their style. of course, i am thinking primarily of vladimir putin in russia, whom you have been to visit, whom you've described as i think one of th

but the best quote in the whole book was for a mussolini. he said some in like a few plucky chicken one feather at a time, nobody notices. so when societies were a lot of plucking is going on, those are two years -- words that are hard to set quickly together. [laughter] there's often a notice of what is going on. >> ultimately he met his demise. let's talk about someone who came on a little bit later. how did that provides up to power? >> no, but what is interesting is hitler exceed mussolini and initially from my reading found that some things he had been doing. hitler was also a family that was kind of on the out side. perez who were kind of failed civil servants. he also was someone who seemed as if he could not get along, try to be in her contract. after world war i that was, quote, punished for good reason, but whatever site treaty and reparations are not treated with respect. there were a lot of problems with the germany itself. they also suffered very much from the depression they had set up a democratic republic, but they were not c

here would be the year that mussolini took over 1922.nd almost his first act was to tell italians they were the rightful owners of corsica, albania, ethiopia and the land corridor linking it with libya. later on, he had an even bigger dream. the old roman empire that existed nearly 2 dozen years ago, to dominate all the lands joining. our c, he called it, just as the ancient romans had. as for the japanese they had some ambitions, then the prime minister carefully set down japanese aims in the tanaka memorial, it was presented july fifth, 1927. here was their dream. manchuria for all material, china for manpower. then i tried the march through china, siam, burma, india, the east india's and on to australia and new zealand. and in the north, all they claimed was that pile of russia north. that was to be the new order. then, the japanese were to move into crush the united states and really start their prosperity. now look eight -- take a look at the map, here's the germany that they walked into. first europe under his complete economic con

now, as you point out in your book, mussolini came along before hitler, and mussolini was a politician but not all that successful initially. had some problems. didn't come from a wealthy family particularly. how did he rise up to get to the point where he could roulettely? did he -- rule italy? did he win an election? >> let me go back a little bit on this. one of the things that i wanted to look at is what is the environment that produces fascism. and without sounding like a professor, which i am, is that -- [laughter] really the historical context is that there certainly have been a lot of disruptions in society; some in the late 19th century, early 20th century due to the the industrial revolution and people being displaced in their jobs and then kind of a sense of division in society, the haves and have nots was a arising in a number of different countries. and then world war i also had a real input into all of that. and italy particularly -- you know, we all make fun of italians, italian governments for a long time because they've had so many different prime ministers and party m

when surest now walk mussolini's granda via day forty imperioli to the colosseum there's one point where they always pools for stone reliefs trace the growth of the mighty roman empire from the foundation of the city in seven fifty three b.c. to its full in the year a d three hundred thirty by the modern calendar year i think that. although. i let a shadow feel all the while i was. there the forum extends southward as far as the palatine hill from here we have the finest view of the capital. and. there. in the form and on mccullough time heals the magic and history of ancient rome how people wherever we go to air. we have only to sit in the shade of the columns and read the pages of historian levy and the rome of classical antiquity with all its festivals disasters and every day possible comes to life. until it was burned down in the great fire of fifty two b.c. the coriolis studio was the roman senate house it was later rebuilt. in the fire coins even melted on the stones of the forum but the future held worse in store for rome with the fall of the empire the city was wide open to looti

when jurists now walk mussolini's ground via the forty imperioli to the colosseum there is one point where they always pools for stone reliefs trace the growth of the mighty roman empire from the foundation of the city in seven fifty three b.c. to its full in the year a d. hundred thirty by the modern calendar year i think that. all the way you. said that. all the while. the forum extends southward as far as the college time hero because here we have the finest view of the capital. and there. in the form and on the color times below the magic and history of ancient rome how people wherever we go to air. we have only to sit in the shade of the columns and

as we in america observed good friday -- >> mussolini invades albania.ming clear. the conquering forces of violence were being sent -- being set loose in the world. in a last, desperate effort to avert a world war, president roosevelt sent messages to hitler and mussolini, asking their promise to respect the independence of the remaining 33 countries. to adolf hitler, this message was a huge joke, as he repeated the names. >> portugal, luxembourg -- >> this was the only answer the president received. on september 1, 1939, the nazi army smashed into poland. >> england and france had a treaty with poland. would the act now? at home, we listened in suspense. >> adolf hitler's attack on poland -- prime minister chamberlain gave the nazi dictator a zero hour to withdraw his armies from poland. that zero hour ins now. >> up to the very last, it would have been quite possible to arrange a peaceful and honorable settlement between germany and england, but heller would not have it. it is a situation in which no word given by germany's ruler could be trusted. no p

the new government that had replaced mussolini only less than a week before was dispatching emissaries find without of the conflict with the allies. joseph stalin was pondering whether he could lead moscow in the near term to meet secretly with roosevelt. you secretary of war henry stimson was flying back to washington from his meetings in london and north africa determined to persuade fdr to insist that churchill exit the as militaries position on strategy to win the war in europe aced on a cross channel assault into normandy. further insist that an american serve as the supreme allied commander. and roosevelt focused the hopes of each was quite leaving town to go fishing. so fdr's nine car train was on its way up to the tiny hamlet of birch island ontario in the canadian shield country 706 miles northwest of washingt, about 580 miles west northwest of us. and in just ten days the white house had taken this idea for the trip off the shelf and put it together which was pretty incredibly fast for going to a was been a very remote area and is still remote. all of wartime of a churchill's

atmosphere and perverting the classic culture of italian hospitality this is how it started with benito mussolini was. europe's political power struggle is being carried out at the migrants cost orlando doesn't see the refugees as criminals what's criminal is how europe is treating them what about the mafia it is even making money now with refugee homes the mayor wants to fight this which is why he's been on the hit list for years this is also an issue at the art show in palermo. forty years ago behind where i sit today sat mares who were friendly with a mafia one of the mares was himself a mafia boss. today we are the italian capital of culture. and until november it's the host of the manifesto fifty artists are displaying their work throughout the city. there are performances sculptures and numerous video installations like this one by oscar winner laura portress she shows cicely's role in communications for u.s. military drone operations the manifest is very diverse yet the host location is of central importance. look at how can the money help me transform the city of mafia into the city of cu

wartime fascist dictator only a few words change something you wrote so many enemies so much on mussolinisaying was many enemies much on the how did you feel about i didn't know about that and if it happened probably it has you haven't heard about it now in the you know nothing about this no there was a national average in your own papers and well i only worry about silly if it is such a kind of communication this is not an appropriate one should not have done this and i hope we will clarify that there is there is nothing to do with this passive fastenings fasces apology vengeance us brother for or from your party is under secretary to the prime minister's office he said he warned against using slogans that relate to dark times in italian history you agree with i absolutely agree with chances by the vote is a good friend of mine in many time i support these battles and his position on defense of your parents in equal opportunities as and their secretary general for equal opportunities in italy and of course i think that all ministers of the government of every single government should be

i feel like -- >> mussolini? >> no. >> don't cry for me, washington. >> ready, go. >> sorry, jeremy. i didn't know. >> are you ready? >> no rush. just hurry up. >> [inaudible conversations] >> anything goes with cole porter. >> that was so funny seeing you yesterday. such a long time and i'm jealous you asked alan and tom with out me. i never get to washington. >> he screams at me. >> that's hilarious. [inaudible conversations] >> the reason why he's a conservative is because his father was such a marxist. >> ponds are the lowest form of humor. -- puns. >> why did you write this book? >> because i watched msnbc every night, most ever get i read the "new york times" and i can consider myself an expert on the resistance. the country has lost its mind. the left has lost its mind. it's not good for the country. it is certainly not good for them. there's a lot of great advice for the resistance in my book if they want to defeat trump. i'm kind of mad at him. if you follow me on twitter and sensuously you know that. he

right in may 1940 when the uk have to make a decision about whether to fight on or to do a deal with mussolini and with hitler, and if churchill had not been in that room, no doubt at all in my mind that we would've come to terms of some kind. he made all the difference because he basically decided that it would be a disaster for his country, for the british empire and the civilization if we did that deal. within a year of that decision 30,000 british men, women, and children could be killed a nazi bombs. 35. but as a result of his decision to fight on, i believe that he saved the european continent from absolute barbarism. [applause] and so it was, it was a willingness, i'll just look at this. [laughing] >> i'm already off script. >> it was a willingness to think for himself and to be brave that we need to follow that today. >> did me an example. giving an example of something where we need to be brave, to follow our instincts. >> well, since you drag it from me kicking and screaming, actually you didn't but i'll tell you anyway, i think that when you look at our country, when you look at the

ma may 1940, when the uk had to make the decision about whether to fight on or to do a deal with mussolini and with hitler and if churchill hadn't been in that room, no doubt at all in my mind we would have come to terms of some kind and he made all the difference because he basically decided it would be a disaster for his country and the british empire and civilization if we did that deal and within a year of that decision, 30,000 british men, women and children had been killed by nazi bombers. fred 35, but as a result of his decision to fight on i believe he saved the european continent from absolute. [inaudible] so it was a willingness. >> i'm already off script, it was a willingness to think for himself and to be brave. we need to follow that today. >> give me an example. >> give me an example of something we need to be brave and follow our instincts. >> since you drag it from me kicking and screaming, actually didn't, but i'll tell you anyway, i think we need, when you look at our country, we have a great choice right now and we are in the throes, as some of you may have seen from the

had to make a decision about whether to fight on or to do a deal with mussolini and with taylor. itler.h h and if churchill hadn't been in that room, there's no doubt in my mind we would have come to terms. he made the difference. he decided it would be a disaster, that his country, the british empire, and civilization if we did that deal. and the year of that decision, 30,000 british men, women, and children were being killed by nazi bombs. [applause] --fmr. sec. johnson: 35. but as a result for him to fight on, i believed he saved the european continent from absolute arbors of -- barbarism. [applause] fmr. sec. johnson: so, it was a willingness, just look at this. [laughter] mr. brooks: i'm already off script. fmr. sec. johnson: it was a willingness to think for himself and to be brave. today.that mr. brooks: give me an example of something where we need to be brave, follow our instincts to a more noble and. -- noble end. fmr. sec. johnson: i think that we need, when you look at our country, look at the u.k., we have a great choice right now. and we are in the throes of, you ma

right in may 1940 when the uk had to make the decision about whether to fight on or to do a deal ith mussolini and hitler and ifchurchill had not been in that room no doubt at all in my mind that we would have come to terms with something. he made all the difference because he basically decided that it would be a disaster for his country and the british empire and civilization if we did the deal. within a year of that decision 30000 british men, women and children have been killed p by a nazibombs. 30000. but as a result of the decision to fight on i elieve that he saved the european continent from bsolutebarbarism. it was a willingness -- look at this. it was a willingness to think for himself and to be brave. that e need to follow that today. >>give me an example of something that we need to be brave and follow our instinct. >>since you drag it from me kicking and screaming -- actually you didn't but i'll tell you anyway. when you look at our country and the uk we have a great choice right now. we are in the throes of of deciding exactly how to carry ut with brexit. we've done quite well. yo

it's like a mussolini-themed restaurant? >> andrea: yeah. that's it, that's it.a: it doesn't really look like any butcher i've ever been into. >> anthony: an hour north by northwest of johannesburg, is pretoria, still the administrative center of south africa, once the heart of the apartheid. here you can find maders -- a father-son butchery, restaurant, and theme museum. i just don't know how i feel about this place. it doesn't fit in with my white liberal guilt sensibility. >> andrea: a room like this, with all of this kind of afrikaner paraphernalia in it, it just wouldn't be accepted an hour away. it couldn't exist. >> anthony: as any south african butcher would, they sell biltong. sprinkle some salt, brown sugar, some malt vinegar, pack in layers repeat. after 24 hours, remove and hang to air dry for a week. voila. a tasty jerky treat we can all get behind. chef andrea burgener, south african by birth, english and german by background, can usually be found in the trenches of her joburg restaurant, the leopard. she's known for her playful menus, but loathes c

that i have said that it is a warning, that one of the things, the best quote in my book is from mussolinihicken one further at a time nobody will notice. we have plucked a lot of feathers here and i think it is clear that trump has overplucked and we need to make sure what is going on. >> madam secretary, your experiences in your life, being tric driven out of europe, two close friends of yours throughout their entire lives, put so much into sharp release, especially considering you and try to force brzenski spent much of your lives fighting against the spread of communism throughout europe. >> no question. i think that the whole -- putin has a plan. he wants to undermine democracy. he wants to separate us from our allies in europe. he wants to reassert influence in the middle east, and our president is a help in all of this. there is a term that the russians use, it is called useful idiot. i to think that whatever president trump thought he was saying, he definitely helped putin's plans for getting back into the game and for undermining democracy in europe. we cannot allow that to happen

this year we will celebrate, we will recognize the anniversary of the munich pack where hitler and mussolini got together and a chunk of czechoslovakia was seated to the nazis. it has very much the echoes of what happened with the crimean peninsula. putin was saying he wants to protect and all of the stuff. history doesn't repeat, but it does rhyme. were starting to see some shape of that. >> let's hear from dan in jackson heights new york. >> i read your stuff because a number of years i was involved in that area. i had the feeling that in the novel that i did there is an appreciation of how insightful the action is to feel that you are covering. and how the people who make things go or not the action people. and actually a lot of the people who started this i was wondering if you think you might be tucked in and this whole thing. the other thing it's pretty much known that the brain is a habit and insight. it might be very interesting to show how much they appreciate actions in that field then exactly how much is habit and how much is inside. the insight is this specificity. until you real

celebrate actually some is one word we recognize the anniversary of the munich pact where hitler, mussoliniget together with neville chamberlain in france and a chunk of czechoslovakia was seated to the nazis. have a steady want to protect ethnic germans and it is very much the echoes of what happened with the crimean peninsula where putin was saying want to protect ethnic russians and all this kind of stuff. history does repeat but it does right. we're starting to see some shape of that and that catwoman into "spy master" ethel. >> host: dan in new york. >> caller: [inaudible] i read your stuff because a number of years involved in that area, and i had the feeling that in the novel that i did read, there is an initiation of how insightful rather than action is to feel, , the general feel you are covering. and how the people who make things go are not the action people, and actually a lot of the people who die in the end of the people who never started this whole operation. so i was wondering if you think that you might be a little -- with this whole thing. the other thing i want to say is,