why does it work out so badly for mussolini? dr. mclean: that is a complicated question i cannot thoroughly answer either with my training or just because of time constraints. i do think, again, the comparison, certainly italian casualty rates did not reach german or soviet or japanese casualty rates in world war ii, but they still lost 10% of their combat troops in world war ii for an american comparison, is about how many had in thethe u.s. vietnam war. which was pretty debilitating for the u.s. so you can imagine, it's not like they all fled and didn't fight.nd they actually did -- there were plenty of them who died for country. whether that was for an ideal, i don't know. but i also think it is hard to say how many soldiers of any nation joined up and died because of a specific doctrine in and of itself. that being said, i think there were plenty of italian children, and by children i mean 17 and 16-year-olds, who joined the military early because they believed in this. there were a lot of italians who joined in the italian mili

talking about "mussolini's children." the book is not about mussolini's actual children but rather the children of the entire italian nation, those are mussolini's children, and how they were educated in italian schools. i would love to start by asking dr. mclean, why does anyone in this country specialize in italian history? dr. mclean: that is a good question and one i have gotten before. i started studying italy by chance. i was studying the italian language in college and decided to study abroad in bologna. i was writing a research paper on the italian resistance movement and this is sort of my experience with this paper, sort of guesses at this question. -- gets at this question. because i had never heard of the italian resistance movement before i started researching it. and what was interesting is that as i was living in northern italy and doing this research, it became very clear that the italian resistance movement was one of, if not the prominent memory of world war ii for a lot of italians. so i became very int

here in this neighborhood, conceived by mussolini himself. >> that's mussolini on the horse there. >>t's mussolini. >> reporter: the center piece of the district is known as the square coliseum, which still bears a quote from his 1935 speech announcing the invasion of ethiopia. people don't even know about italy's colonial history in africa says paolo barros, a rome city councilman. he believes what the world needs is a history lesson, not to topple world fascist relics. we'd have to tear down this entire neighborhood, he says, but the time for mere contemplation is over, says ricardo. he insists on obscuring his identity after his group of activists dumped paint on this statue of a colonialist general. >> we cannot celebrate people responsible for a massacre of african people. >> reporter: but roman history is bloody and when you humble yourself under the mighty hand of god, in due time he will exalt you. hi, i'm joel osteen. i'm excited about being with you every week. i hope you'll tune in. you'll be inspired, you'll be encouraged. i'm looking forward to seeing you right here. you

that's mussolini on the horse, >> that's mussolini. >> reporter: the centerpiece of the district is knownuare coliseum, which still bears a quote from il duce's 1935 speech announcing the eeghtion of ethiopia. "people don't even know about italy's colonial history in africa," says paolo barros, a rome city councilman. he believes what the world needs is a history lesson, not to topple fascist relics. "we'd have to tear down this entire neighborhood," he says. but the time for mere contemplation is over, says ricardo. contemplation is over, says rica he insists on obscuring his identity after his group of activists dumped paint on this statue of a colonialist general. >> we cannot celebrate people that were responsible or massacred against african people. >> reporter: but roman history is bloody and deep. if you start tearing down statues, many here wonder, where do you stop? chris livesay, cbs news, rome. >> yuccas: still ahead on the "cbs weekend news," tesla thinks outside the pickup truck box. g,, again and again. no way. more exercise. more water. and more fiber is the only way to man

"mussolini's children: race & elementary education in fascist italy."he state mandated youth culture to analyze the evolution of official racism in fascist italy. between 1922 and 1940,

the world last glimpsed mussolini's body hanging upside down and an abandoned gas station in milan. shot himself. with the defeat of the powers the ideology of fascist collapsed. but the death of the strange offshoot only cleared the way for other branches of socialism to flourish. ♪ bret: in the aftermath of world war ii communism spread like never before. the soviet unions military gains set the stage for communist governments to take power in eastern europe and north korea. the communism's biggest postwar conquest was yet to come. four years after the war's end insurgent communist forces in china drove the pro-western nationalist government off the mainland. [chanting] bret: in january 1949 the communist marched into beijing to declare the birth of the people's republic of china. their leader was a 55 -year-old intellectual and named mao. >> mao was a revolutionary who do not believe in normalcy and who did not believe in routine. he disliked bureaucracy. what he did was to mobilize williams of peasants to join the communist revolution. bret: now gave the chinese people what came

i looked at the history of fascism which begins with mussolini. what happened was really -- italy felt disrespected and not think for the role -- not thanked for the role they played in the first world war. this character mussolini was a good speaker, outsider, and was understood how power was gotten, and he then -- this is what is interesting. he and hitler came to power constitutionally, because in the case of italy, king emmanuel turned it over to mussolini. the best quote in the book was from miscellany which is if you pluck a chicken one feather at a time, nobody notices. we saw that in a variety of places. we were talking about europe, or is ais a perfect -- orban perfect example who had been seeking power in hungary. hungary had problems as a result of world war i, feeling they had been betrayed from the treaty. i remember doing a survey in the early 1990's. we asked this of every country. orban has operated on that. on the basis of keeping refugees out and to some extent trying to deal with the virus and creating a national emergency and w

mussolini suring the west is hobgoblins and so we'll have to have people of our age. the soviets they appeared to be in iconic i kind of agression imagery 10 feet tall they could be innocent nuclear war they can beat us a conventional war and all you have to do of course in the car here is say someone's a commie and that and their life is rude well now trump tries to do that with any critic and so he'll say if you elect joe biden we're going to go back to and he fills in a word a depression forget that we're closing in on one or. a big government eating you up and so. the only thing he wants people to fear are democrats or minorities are blue states and some people who are in secure in their lives psychologically or economically. they may grab on to this as people would believe elmer gantry you talk about nicknames but i think that kind of we've covered that with insults but i want to talk you have a section called hyperbolic in the apocalyptic especially apocalyptic talk talk about out ideas again a kind of foundational concept that's a permanent why not simply feari

in the case of italy, king emmanuel turned over his government to mussolini. the best quote in the book was from mussolini, which is, "if you pluck a chicken one feather at a time, nobody notices." we talked about europe. or bond is a perfect example of this. he had been seeking power in hungary. hungary had problems as a result of world war i, feeling they had been betrayed from the treaty. i remember doing a survey in the early 1990's. we asked this of every country. "do you believe a piece of your country is in a neighboring country?" 80% of hungarians marked that they think so. orban has operated on that. on the basis of keeping refugees out and to some extent trying to deal with the virus and creating declaring a national emergency and working off of that. what happens if you have a leader intent on getting power, they can use a crisis to really justify it. to understand that kind of leader thinks he is above the law, thinks the media is an enemy of the people and then there is the other thing which is to pit -- align yourself with one group and pit it ag

i looked at the history of fascism which begins with mussolini. i am disrespected thanks to the role they play in the first world war, there were divisions already in society. a very good speaker and outsider, and this is what is interesting, he and heather came to power constitutionally, in the case of italy, king emmanuel turned it over, the best quote in that book was mussolini which is if you pluck a chicken one feather at a time nobody notices. we saw that a lot in a variety of places around the world, i was talking about europe a minute ago, an example of this, had been seeking power in hungary. hungary had had problems as a result of world war i that they had been betrayed. i remember to do a survey in the early 90s, every country in europe do you believe a piece of your country is in a neighboring country? 80% on gary and think so. and so then on the basis of keeping refugees out and to some extent dealing with the virus, declaring a national emergency and working off of that. what happens if you have a leader intend on being in power? the

in milan, italy, after two decades of swaggering, the inventor of fascism, benito mussolini, lay dead italian people, with his henchmen and with his mistress. ♪ adolf hitler, who survived a bomb planted by one of his own officers in 1944, was presumably alive until the last days of berlin. by the best evidence, he is now dead. at nuremberg, the hitler gang has gone on trial. for the first time, criminal war leaders are being judged by an international court, by mankind, goering, hess, von ribbentrop and 17 others, men who planned world conquest of the death and enslavement of millions are now tried under law. the law in all nations has rules of dealing with criminals. men of all the world took hope, peace and decency were assured as representatives of the united nations assigned the san francisco charter. the lessons learned in 1945, if mankind would remember them, could make the world a better place for all men forever. ♪ >> prepared to cast off. >> thank you. >> you are watching american history tv, covering history c-span style. and lectures films in college classrooms. all weekend

that's mussolini on the horse there. >> that's mussolini -- >> reporter: the centerpiece of the district square coliseum which still bears a quote from the 1935 speech announcing the invasion of ethiopia. people don't even know about italy's colonial history in africa, says a rome city councilman. he believes that what the world needs is a history lesson, not to topple fascist relics. we'd have to terry down the entire neighborhood, he says. the time for mere contemplation is over, said ricardo. his group of activists dumped paint on this statue of a colonialist general. >> we cannot celebrate people who were irresponsible. >> reporter: roman history is bloody and deep. if you start tearing down statues, many wonder where do you stop. for "cbs this morning saturday," chris livesay, rome. >>> in america's early days, the night watchman was the only authority on ourture. >>> you're watching "cbs this morning saturday." if your gums bleed when you brush you may have gingivitis. and the clock could be ticking towards bad breath, receding gums and possibly tooth loss. help turn back the clock

adults living in the united states as the nation went to war during world war ii to defeat hitler, mussolini, the japanese and fascism around the world. this is what we will be talking about this week. i want to remind you a couple of the big questions that we have been tracing over the last several weeks, not the least of which is who and what is considered mexican/american or american more generally. who is afforded first class citizenship in american society? this changes with these million-plus migrants and their offspring. it is a dramatic moment and shift in mexican/american history we will be talking about this week in the 1940s during world war ii in part because, if nothing else, this moment reminds us that there are contradictions, fissures and deep iniquities when it comes to who and what is considered a full member of american society. one of the main arguments and points i want you to take away from today and wednesday is that world war ii highlights these contradictions of american society and democracy in dramatic, fundamental, powerful ways, not least because we have literall

"mussolini's children: race & elementary education in fascist italy." it uses the lens of the state mandated youth culture to analyze the evolution of official racism in fascist italy. between 1922 and 1940, educational institutions designed to mold the minds and bodies of italy's children between the ages five and 11 undertooa

they were then given free passage to trains across to italy by mussolini. then they were reestablished the polish army in france. hoover should get credit for a big part of that because he fed them in the process of them being the they were only there for six or seven weeks. but he should be given credit for having helped reestablish the polish army in france. of course, the army won't be there for very long because france will fall and then they will move to scotland. but that aid is relatively easy. the avian hungry was in factor of also. almost 50,000 polls went into hungary, the hungarians were empathetic to the polls. they were welcomed. the key question is, can you get aid to the government general of poland? this proves to be a terrible obstacle. in fact, there is no effective aid inside what is left of poland until february in march of 1940. roosevelt opposed to it. the bulk of the american people are opposed to entering the war and getting involved in feeding. the reason why is, there be a great fear that it is the back door to war. roosevelt asked

that helped to fuel mussolini 's rise to power. i left behind a great deal of dissatisfaction -- it left behind a great deal of dissatisfaction. the british, french and americans were going there separate ways. denied states did not ratify the -- the united states did not ratify the treaty. turned away from europe and began to preoccupy itself with what was going on in its own hemisphere and japan and asia. the british turned to their empire and began to turn their bags on europe. that left the french feeling defenseless and worried about their security. they tried to find allies on the others have germany in some of these new states, made germany feel surrounded and tended to reinforce the nationalistic feeling in germany. allng said that, that left sorts of bitterness behind it, i think we can also look at the 1920's and see there were signs of hope. we have too much seen the 1920's as a brief breathing space theeen disaster of 1930's. if they had lasted longer, i think you could see real signs of hope. europe did get back on to

does terrible reality so he will repeat and repeat a permanent law i as gerbils news so well as mussolini knew so well the current a big body 2 people who are 5 2nd voters oh yeah sounds good and then they go back to what they're doing enables him. to overwhelm their love of family. or the love of truth because they believe trump even though the air is dirty. water is dirty or. the rich are getting epically richer while they in real dollars are getting poorer than are standing at. because they grab onto the life preserver of the current like. donald trump like all demagogues in.

mean is terrible reality so he will repeat and repeat a permanent law i as gerbils knew so well as mussolini knew so well the current a big body to people who are 5 2nd voters oh yes sounds good and then they go back to what they're doing and they both skim. to overwhelm their love of family. or the love of truth because they believe trump even though the air is dirty. water is dirty or. the rich are getting epically.

just terrible reality so he will repeat and repeat a permanent law i as gerbils knew so well as mussolini knew so well the pearl in the big body to people who are 5 2nd voters oh yeah sounds good and then they go back to what they're doing and they both stay.

shirt on a young recruit of stalin hitler mussolini and a few other leaders and went to from there even by the supervising train officer he simply said i don't agree with everything that was done but he has done some good things and he was very naive in that approach to a similar role police department and i think that in the police department implicit bias training must be implemented but it has to be implemented by people who have this experience not by folks who don't work for our sort of occasion of course in trying to teach it when they are the worst offenders it has to be taught by people who come from the ground who've had these experiences and can convey it in a way that is digestible relatable and problems one understand it congressman andre carson it's good to get your thoughts and thanks very much for joining us from indianapolis and indiana thank you for your time thank you. not china is denying it withheld vital details about the kind of virus outbreak that's after the associated press published an investigation which found that the world health organization officials heape

they didn't tweet pictures of auschwitz, they didn't call him mussolini. by the code of military conduct that says retired officers should not disparage a sitting president. suddenly this president comes, he -- mueller found no constitutional abuse, no russian hoax, he was not convicted after this crazy impeachment. they can't cite any constitutional transgression, and yet they're all coming out, and the result of it is, lou, that it looks highly partisan, and it's really reduced the status of the retired military. these were our most iconic, decorated officers, and it's a bad precedent because, as i'm speaking, there are six or seven articles in major journals that are talking about the possibility of the coup. i'm 66, i've never heard of that before. and when you have these people of this stature and they say things and write things that they do and it's not even behavior from administration to administration, then it's quite scary. even the chairman of the joint chiefs said he couldn't to a photo op. if i were to go back and show you all the pictures of

with mussolini it was like a comic opera. he was always in fancy dress, posturing, and all the rest of it. with stalin it was a total contrast. it was a little man sitting there, doodling away, and an answering a question. this was not your average dictator. personal impressions matter in doing diplomacy. leaders are always attracted by going to the summit. it is like i played at home, i won the game, i became president, i became prime minister, what is the next challenge? the next challenge is doing it on the world stage with a limited understanding sometimes about the other side. the personal characteristics seem to matter a lot. there was a lady with a question? greg: for the final question. >> there is a bit of overlap, but i wonder to what degree do you think churchill and roosevelt understood or realized the extent of stalin's mass murdering? and did it matter? david: fair question. two points. i think there was reasonably good knowledge about the extent of the purges in the 1930's. if you take, and this would be potent

goes back to radicals like hitler and mussolini but more recently, we can see trump's election in 2016se of alt right. antifa has burst onto the main stream as a kind of radical self-defense against the far right. they were on the streets resisting white supremacists in charlottesville. and more recently, as many viewers may know, they were blamed for much of the destruction being -- that has come out of the protests from the death of george floyd. which really, in my opinion, is a transparent ploy by the trump administration to distract attention away from the role of white supremacy in the criminal justice system. >> how organized are they? what are the numbers? you mention, in a recent article, a group in portland, oregon. can you use them as an example here? >> well, you see, the trouble there because this is the question everyone's asking. how many people are part of antifa? it isn't one organization. it's a kind of politics. it's a decentralized form of activism. and there are groups around the country. one of the most active and oldest is rose city in portland, oregon. they don'

ardell fidler -- of it'll fidler, or statues -- that is why there are no statues itler in germany, or mussolini in italy. host: bob in texas, ok. to california, you oppose this effort. go ahead. caller: president grant said, "let us have peace." this war is long since over. these bases have traditions. fort bragg means something to someone in the service. it has a tradition. a lot of these statues are in the wrong places, they should be put where they belong. they could go to spotsylvania or in gettysburg. they don't need to be in richmond. there are a lot of wonderful places these statues could be put where they would be in .roper context just about everyone in the union army was a white supremacist. are we going to start taking their names down? leonard -- i don't know if it was in the civil war, -- but a lot of great union generals, they were all white supremacist. are we going to start stripping those names next? lincoln was accused of being a white supremacist. even though he was far ahead of timeverage person at the on the subject of the rights of afro-americans to have the same rights as

. >> i think that antifa is the true descendant of the socialist regimes of 100 years ago, mussolini's black shirts, hitler's brownshirts, these are paramilitary that these socialist military leaders leaders needed in order to compete up military objectives that couldn't be completed any other way, the purpose of nt for is to ultimately intimidate, to beat you into submission. and the dirty little secret is that powerful people in hollywood and academia in the media believe that they need a paramilitary. they need a paramilitary because the socialist ideas that they believe in cannot win on their own merits. after sort of put the other guy up against the wall and so it's very convenient for them that you've got this kind of little army. by the way, other socialist regimes around the world like in venezuela, they have the same thing. these former criminals now ride around on motorcycles and they carry the same equipment, cement blocks. they carry sticks. what's their job? to beat up small business owners, to beat up political dissidents. this is not about fighting fascism, this is about

how would a world war ii veteran feel about paying taxes to have a statue of mussolini or hitler in their public square? >> the floor is yours. >> well, what i would say in response to reverend sharpton is we have a lot of monument being torn down, including the freedman memorial in washington d.c., folks that supported emancipation. so this is all beyond the notion that these are hall white supremacists being torn down. there are people who did not support slavery and i think that things are conflated. people are saying, okay, we understand what happened in minneapolis needs to be prevented ever happening again. we need to reform to ensure that every american's rights are protected, but what we're doing is seeing an effort of scrubbing american history. and that's the cancel culture marxist idea and that's dangerous. when you start canceling history, that's a dangerous precedent. leland: we'll put up a quick picture of the emancipation monument, still standing. and law enforcement not too far away. josh, you bring up a good point in terms of how much history this movement is asking to er

recall being a young recruit in the police academy and a fellow recruit had a t-shirt on of hitler, mussoliniothers and when we confronted him and reported him, he very sincerely said, well i don't agree with everything hitler has done but he has done some good things. and this is the kind of mentality that you see in police departments where you have white supremacists, if you will, who have ideas and oftentimes reinforced by supervisors. so we need officers who have sensitivity and understand our communities in order to police better. >> so do you believe, sir, that the reforms that are being proposed by democrats, have they prevented what happen in atlanta on friday night? >> i think in many ways the reforms would have helped. but is it starts at home. it starts with local police departments and even in a broader sense it starts in individual houses. when you still have concepts, negative concepts of african-americans, then it becomes problematic. we have to remember the origin of law enforcement that we know of. that began as slave patrols and you have this institution rooting in a system

ardell fidler -- of it'll fidler, or statues -- that is why there are no statues itler in germany, or mussolinin italy. host: bob in texas, ok. to california, you oppose this effort. go ahead. caller: president grant said, "let us have peace." this war is long since over. these bases have traditions. fort bragg means something to someone in the service. it has a tradition. a lot of these statues are in the wrong places, they should be put where they belong. they could go to spotsylvania or in gettysburg. they don't need to be in richmond. there are a lot of wonderful places these statues could be put where they would be in .roper context just about everyone in the union army was a white supremacist. are we going to start taking their names down? leonard -- i don't know if it was in the civil war, -- but a lot of great union generals, they were all white supremacist. are we going to start stripping those names next? lincoln was accused of being a white supremacist. even though he was far ahead of timeverage person at the on the subject of the rights of afro-americans to have the same rights as t

how would a world war ii veteran feel about paying taxes to have a statue of mussolini or hitler in theirublic square. that's how many of us black americans feel in parts of america and that's what donald trump is standing up against. >> as was noted yesterday, many of the statues weren't put up after the death of these men, they were put up in critical times when black americans were achieving new rights and put up as protests against that, whether you talk about in the late 1800s or whether you talk about in the 1950s and early 1960s as the civil rights movement began exploding across america and a real and meaningful way. that's when many of the monuments started being put up as an act of defiance towards integration. as an act of defiance against the expansion of black americans' rights. not as a tribute to the men that they put up on those pedestals. >> yes, of course as a message to say to black americans we're still in charge here. you may be getting new rights and segregation may be officially coming to an end but we're in charge here. i often thought walking past the statue of a

each other -- this is the reason world wars happen because you get people like trump in office, mussolinind stalin and these different type of people, hitler. he keeps hitler's speeches on his nightstand. when obama was president, you went to change the birth and trump continue to tell and brought it on tv and the lies he tells you to spread with him. just think about the path of the people who followed him. that's all i have to say. it's sickening. host: thank you for the call. one of the headlines from euters in one of the statements, the president's commenlts regarding covid-19 and testing, reuters writing, president trump told thousands of cheering supporters he asked the u.s. officials to slow down on the testing of novel coronavirus. later his administration and his campaign spokesperson saying, quote, he was just kidding. here's that moment from the rally last night. president trump: it's a disease without question has more names than any disease in history. can name kung flu, i 19 different versions of names. many call it a virus, which it is, many call it a flu, what difference?