>> most people see that the nagasaki bomb came so quickly after hiroshima. the japanese were still in discussions about what their response would be. i do not think their decision making was sufficiently clear cut. what is clear is the americans, who had not conceded on the matter of the emperor before hand, once the japanese sued for peace, gave an assurance that the emperor could stay, subject to the authority of the american occupation commander, who was of course going to be douglas macarthur. that was a quite substantial qualification of the emperor's role, so, sure, they were saying that the emperor could stay, but it was going to be a different type of emperor than had existed prior to the japanese surrendered. >> one of the reasons that has been lost as to why, we were prepared at that date to accept some role for the japanese emperor. i think that had a great deal to do with our concern about whether the japanese people would indeed laid down their arms -- lay down their arms or whether they would continue at whatever level to fight the occupation.