sixth, anda on the three days later on nagasaki. why three days? originally it was a five-day spread, and the reason for the five-day spread was it was expected to be a very armingated process for the second bomb -- the plutonium bomb. but the scientists are very gung ho on the island where the planes who attacked japan took off from, and when colonel plane, the enola gay, comes back after a successful raid on hiroshima, the scientists say we might be able to do this in four days now that we have had the expense with the first bomb, and tibbetts says can you do it in three days because bad weather is expected to come in? and that is, in effect, what happens. is madee-day spread and armyo scientists personnel on the island. it is not a truman decision. it is not a stimson decision. it is not a gross decision -- groves decision. it is a battle decision. what effect did the bombings have on stalin? everyone was worried about stalin's reaction, and of course, they were right. a very well-known american russian historian writes in one of his books that

the japanese didn't want nuclear power after nagasaki and hihiroshima, but ty were talklked into o it. so it'a really wicked, wicked indudustr. and any couountry that hahas a reacactor, be it s syria, sasaui arabia--you name it, , they have a bomomb factory. because each reactctor makes 500 pounds of plutonium a year, plutonium lasts for half a a millionon ye, and all you need is 5 poundnds o make yourselflf a nuclear weapo. so by selling nuclear power abroad, which america is heavily into, it isis causing proliferation of nuclear weapons-s--which it says it's n, but it is--and that could trigger a global holocaust between russia and america who still target each other with thousands of nuclear weapons. >> does the average doctotor understanand the full risksks involved with radiation and nuclelear power plants? >> no. we're not tataht about the mededical implications of nuclear r power in medical schools. we d did get some curricula going--physicians for social responsibility in the eieighties in medidical schools- about nuclear war, but also nuclear powewer. it's a very, vy interest

code named "fat man," the plutonium used to bomb nagasaki was produced at the government's top secretford nuclear site in washington state. 72 years later, hanford is still dealing with its nuclear legacy. tom carpenter: when i look at the hanford site, what i see is not only the worst contaminated facility in the united states and certainly one of the top ten in the world, i see a threat to humans for thousands of years into the future. joce: tom carpenter is an attorney and advocate for a group that supports workers at the hanford site. during the cold war, at its height, hanford had nine nuclear reactors and five plutonium plants and produced the material for most of the 60,000 weapons built for the u.s. nuclear arsenal. in the 1980's, at the end of the cold war, weapons production stopped. and a massive clean-up began. tom: for every tiny little speck of plutonium that they made at hanford, there was a ton -- literally a ton -- of very hot chemical waste leftover. joce: that leftover amounted to 53 million gallons of high level radioactive waste -- and a huge cost. david trimble:

in fact, seems hiroshima and nagasaki not a single person has died from nuclear weapons but in fact, they had been lots of casualties as a result of small arms and light weapons. so this is conventional weapons disarmament aspect is something that we would definitely like to highlight much more. it's also an area where we have been also making progress. and we need to actually advertise, if we put our heads together and then work together, we are able to make progress and the chief wonderful things. i think that sort of a positive message in the disarmament will be very important and that can be very much linked to the agenda 2020. in fact, it is in my view a critical component of a concept also thought to as a human security. >> on the other questions? yes. jeff. >> jeff, also with the arms control association but i have a small arms and light weapons. i was going to ask a question that i think jonathan and larry trent will big your expense and background in other areas actually think implied beneficial solid ask the question of how you think you might bring the work you have done t

in fact, since hiroshima and nagasaki, not a single person has died from nuclear weapons but, in fact, there have been a lot of casualties as a result of more arms and weapons. this is conventional weapons disarmament aspect is something that we would definitely like to highlight much more. it's also an area we have been making progress and we need to actually emphasize if we put our heads together and work together we are able to make progress and achieve wonderful things. i think that sort of positive message also is very important and that can be very much linked to the agenda the 20 and it is in my view a critical component of the referred to as the human security. >> there are other questions here. yes, jeff. >> i'm also at the arms control. i was going to ask a question that jonathan is very trained well. your experience and background in other areas with great benefit and i wanted to ask the question of how you thank you might bring the working to push the army agenda. having worked at the un, the un has seen as a very. [inaudible] i would say you started reminding us that some

included the first hydrogen bomb test and infamous test of 195415 megatons, 1,000 times the size of the nagasaki bombs. tony was a 9-year-old boy fishing in the canoe with his grandfather when he witnessed the test 200 miles away. the sky turned blood red and he told the international court of justice in march of 2016. however, the marshall islands cases before the international court of justice were not about compensation for the effects of testing. when the cases were filed in april of 2014, tony said our people have suffered catastrophic and irreversible damage of these weapons and we vow to fight so that no one else on earth will ever again experienced these atrocities. tony also said in accepting the 2015 right livelihood award i have seen with my own eyes the nuclear devastation and i know with conviction that nuclear weapons must never again be visited upon humanity. this is not just an issue of treaty commitments or international law, though it is that and not just an issue of ethics or morality though is that, too. this is an issue of common sense. how could any common person walking do

hiroshima and nagasaki, not a single person has died from nuclear weapons but there have been lots of casualties. they were conventional weapons disarmament, and we actually advertise if we put our heads together and work together, and make progress and achieve wonderful things. a positive message, it can be linked to the agenda 2020. referred to as human security. >> other questions here? >> the arms control association. i was going to ask the question that was framed well. and to ask a question of how you might push the disarmament i very much agree having worked at the un, it is a very sideload -- in some ways it is. can we think of it the other way around. the humanitarian consequences drove the nuclear ban treaty, very outside the box human side. if you have experience to bring to that, in the process of what you talked about. chemical weapons. i see that country is a sticking point for people who criticize the security council for not being able to undertake, people criticized the un and making it possible for russia to potentially cooperate. if you have been thinking on that, t

i went on to nagasaki, the occupation, and on to korea. thought about all those people that lost their lives for us. i made a promise. for all the guys that never returned and for all the men that gave that last effort and could not get back to be as fortunate as i, i will tell our kids about what you did and why. semper fi. [ applause ] >> thanks, sergeant fox. that's a great story. i think he underplays his role on midway. if the japanese had landed, he would have been right in the middle of -- in the thick of things when they tried to come ashore. to put things in perspective, midway is too small, it's only 2.4 square miles. it's smaller than downtown d.c., the area that we're talking about. so captain crawford? >> yes. first of all, let me say, if anyone has trouble hearing, just wave their hand and i'll try to turn up the volume, or turn it down. >> angle it towards your mouth. >> oh, good. first of all, the battle of midway is a tremendous story. it's seen at many levels. at the historical level, historians see it as one of the great

1952 and the infamous bravo test in 1954, 15 mega tons, 1,000 times the size of the hiroshima and nagasaki bombs. up tony debroom was a young child fishing with his father when he witnessed the test. the sky bled red, he told in march 2016, the marshal islands cases before the international court of justice were not about compensation for the effects of testing. when the cases were filed in april 2014, tony said, our people have suffered the catastrophic and irreparable damage of these weapons and we vow to fight so that no one else on earth will ever again experience these atrocities. tony also said in accepting the 2015 right livelihood award, i have seen with my very own eyes nuclear devastation and know with conviction that nuclear weapons must never again be visited upon humanity. this is not just an issue of treaty commitments or international law, though it is that, and not just an issue of ethics or morality, though it is that too, but this is an issue of common sense. how could any one common person walking down the road, street, ever permit the possession or use of such weapons.

when the flag was raised, i was 25 feet away from the team, and i went on to nagasaki as occupation andes for us. i made a promise. for all the guys that never returned and for all the men that gave that last effort and could not get back to be as fortunate as i, i will tell our kids about what you did and why. semper fi. [ applause ] >> thanks, sergeant fox. i mean, that's a great story. i think he underplays his role on midway. if the japanese had landed, he would have been right in the middle of -- in the thick of things when they tried to come ashore, and to put things in perspective, midway is too small, i guess you'd call them islands. it's only 2.4-square miles. so it's smaller than downtown d.c., the area that we're talking about. so, captain crawford? >> yes. first of all, let me say, if anyone has trouble hearing, just wave the hand and i'll try to turn up the volume, or turn it down. >> turn it towards you. angle it towards your mouth. >> hold it? oh, good. first of all, the battle of midway is a tremendous story and it's seen at many levels. at the historical level, historia

paul/nagasaki sister city committee. the longest sister city relationship between an american city and a nation city. they were sister cities in 1955. so sachiko was there to help us commemorate and tell her story of survival and peace, and i met her there. previous to that, i had gone on a battlefield tour. i was very interested in my father's military experience during world war ii. he never told me much about or anything about his military experience. >> they sprinkled human blood on the storage facility, and then they essentially waited to be arrested. that was kind of the only part of their plan that didn't go according to plan. part of the plan was to get arrested and cause a stir and get the public to notice, and they had to kind of wait for that to happen. [laughter] they eventually were arrested. one security guard, who is a character in this story -- the first security guard who responded to the scene -- they were arrested, and they were charged eventually with intending to endanger the national defense which i