of nagasaki. the stories of several survivors. the film also features a young family in hiroshima born after the bombing who were trying to make sense of the bombing during the 50th anniversary. enjoy american history tv tonight and every weekend. >>> next, we visit a hiroshima nagasaki atomic bomb exhibit at american university in washington, d.c. this american artifacts program was recorded in 2015. >> hi, i'm peter kuznick. i'm professor of history at american university and director of the nuclear studies institute. and i began our institute back in 1995. and the institute was born in the midst of the controversy around the inola gay exhibit which was going to be held at the smithsonian institution and it got cancelled. this was an attempt to do an honest and balanced decision about the decision to drop the bomb. this was in the 1995, so this was the 50th anniversary. and in the midst of that, i decided with one of my students whose mother and grandmother survived the atomic bombing in hiroshi

nagasaki was in the valley between the mountains. nagasaki bomb was 22 kilograms. here is kashima bump estimates now there were hundred 50,000 dead by the end of 1945, 200,000 dead by the end of 1950. the estimates for nagasaki are 75,000 that by the end of 1945, hundred 40,000 dead by the end of 1950. they here is shame shame obamas a new iranian bomb, the nagasaki bombers obtained to plutonium bomb. bomb now here we've got some of the more human artifacts in a way. we've got the shoe of a young student, 13 year old boy. who was killed in the bombing. we've got the hat of a junior high school student who was killed. got the water bottle of another young boy, 13 year old who was killed when the bomb exploded. but here we've got one of the replicas, and it's a replica of the lunch box of this 12-year-old girl who totally disappeared. no trace was ever found of her. inside you got the carbon eyes rice in peace. her mother was able to identify her although she couldn't find a trace of her daughter. back in 1995, a few of us suggested that if they wanted to cancel and

nagasaki had not been bombed before this. there was a small bombing in 1934, but it was preserved in pristine condition, because the americans wanted to have a pristine target to show the effects of the atomic bomb. so they had not been bob is -- not bombed nagasaki. people in nagasaki thought they had not been bombed because it was the christian capital of japan anti-christian capital of east asia. so they were in for a big surprise. the bomb dropped right above the cathedral, the biggest cathedral in east asia. you can also see the stopwatch there, a pocket watch showing 8:15. that is a very popular image inside hiroshima. the bomb dropped at 8:15 a.m. in hiroshima. , clocksstopped there stopped, watches stopped, and it dropped at 11:02 in nagasaki. when we did our first exhibit in 1995, many of those that are now replicas were the original artifacts. but many of them were so fragile that the museum decided not to let them outside of japan anymore. for that reason, some of these we have got our the replicas -- are the repli

it dropped at 11:02 in nagasaki. our first exhibited 1995, many of those now replicable's were the original artifacts. some of them are so fragile that the museums have decided not to let them outside of japan anymore. theseat reason, some of have got replicas instead of the originals. almost everything is the original. here are thegot famous mushroom clouds. the photo of the mushroom cloud in here oshima august 6, 1945 and nagasaki. the descriptions of them from people on the plane was that it was like a pillar of flames. shot into the air. expanding.ept from the top of the pillar you see these additional bursts and they keep going up. enormous. the crew of the enola gay said they could see the clouds from four hours away. they can still see the cloud looking back. it was so. there was a lot of radioactive debris that was swept up in the cloud. some of that comes down as black rain on the victims. got the view of here is shiva city. bomb wast for the here, the t-shaped bridge. i thought pup pilots would be able to s

nagasaki had not been bombed before this. it had been preserved in pristine condition along with a few other cities because the americans wanted to have a pristine target to show the effects of the bomb. people of nagasaki thought they had not been bombed because it was the christian capital of japan and east asia. they were in for a big surprise. bomb dropped on top of their cathedral. also, we see the stopwatch there that shows 8:15. that is a very popular image in hiroshima. also, it dropped at 11:02 in nagasaki. we did our first exhibit in 1995. many of those replicas were the original artifacts. some of them are so fragile that the museum decided not to let them out of japan anymore. for that reason, we have got the replicas instead of the originals. almost everything is the original artifacts. what we've got here are the famous mushroom clouds, photographs of the mushroom andds in hiroshima nagasaki. the descriptions of them from people on the plane, like a pillar of flame shot up into the air and kept expanding. from t

so they had not bombed nagasaki. people in nagasaki thought they had not been bombed because it was the christian capital of japan and east asia. they were in for a big surprise. the bomb dropped right above the cathedral. you see the stopwatch there showing 8:15. at 8:15.d at 11:02 in hiroshima. many of those replicas were the original artifacts. some of them were so fragile that the museum decided not to let them out of japan anymore. we have got the replicas instead of the originals. almost everything is the original artifacts. what we've got here are the famous mushroom clouds, photographs of the mushroom clouds in hiroshima and nagasaki . the descriptions of them from people on the plane, like a pillar of flame shot up into the air and kept expanding. from the top of the column, the pillar, you see these additional bursts, estimates of 40,000 feet into the sky. the crew of the unit said they could see the cloud from four hours away. you could still see the cloud looking back, it was so high. there was a lot of r

it dropped at 11:02 in nagasaki.our first exhibit, many of those replicas were the original artifacts. but many of them were so fragile that the museum decided not to let them out of japan anymore. we have got the replicas instead of the originals. almost everything is the original artifacts. what we've got here are the famous mushroom clouds, photographs of the mushroom cloud in hiroshima on august 6, 1945, and nagasaki on august 9, 1945. the descriptions of them from people on the plane, like a pillar of flame shot up into the air and kept expanding. from the top of the column, the pillar, you see these additional bursts and they just keep going up. estimates of 40,000 feet into the sky. enormous. the crew of the enola gay said they could see the cloud from four hours away. they could still see the cloud looking back, it was so high. there was a lot of radioactive debris that was swept up in the cloud. some of that comes down as black rain on the victims of the bombing. here, we have got the view of hiroshima city.

they were supposed to land nagasaki near the poor area. nagasaki is a steep river valley. they're steep hills all around the port. japanese gun emplacements just to rain shelves over a orderliness man an invasion force. he was very worried that they were not going to make it through that initial assault. and the bombs were dropped in the war ended in more of a was of course usually relieve that they did not have to land nagasaki. they wound up landing at nagasaki weeks later as part of the initial attack patient force. or val was heartsick at the destruction. the wounds on the civilians. the hillsides were bare. nothing standing. no trees, no buildings. the u.s. army had disarmed the japanese officers. they taken their weapons, taking their swords. there was a huge pile of sorts, ceremonial swords in a warehouse up the coast for nagasaki. horrible and all the other men were urged to take these a souvenirs because other was the u.s. was just an after destroy them. oral wasn't a souvenir ticker, he was didn't a leave in that. but he chose a sword, and i soared unscented home

invasion,he expected he was looking at maps of nagasaki, they were supposed to land in nagasaki near the port area. valley, is a deep japanese gun placements were going to be able to reign shells down on them -- down on them. he was worried they would not make it through the initial assault. he was hugely relieved they did not have to land at nagasaki. they ended up landing at nagasaki weeks later as part of the occupation and he was heartsick about the devastation. he said the hillsides were bear, nothing standing. no trees, no buildings. the u.s. army had disarmed the japanese officers, taken their weapons, taken their swords. there was a huge pile of swards, ceremonial swords. all of the men were urged to take these as souvenirs come otherwise the u.s. would have to destroy them. he was not a souvenir taker, but niceose the swords, a sword and scented home. over the years afterward, he did not put it over his mantle, he did not show it off, he kept it in the closet and had a devil of a time keeping his children and grandchildren away from it. over the years, he kept it clean, he w

in terms of what people in nagasaki.are now, how much anti—american sentiment is there in nagasaki, if any? in my opinion, i feel many people are not so much feeling hostility towards the us, people don't have that kind of feeling. they want a peaceful, nuclear free world, that is more important for the people of nagasaki. of course, the two bombs falling very close to each other, but in terms of the casualties, and also in terms of the bombs, they we re very also in terms of the bombs, they were very different attacks, won't they? yes, yes. the difference between the two cities are quite substantial because the bombing of nagasaki was second. it is said that there was no strategic meaning for there was no strategic meaning for the bombing of nagasaki, so some people felt that the bombing of nagasaki is more cruel and harder to understand. in addition, the bomb was dropped in an area of nagasaki that was known as the centre of the christian community. thank you very much indeed for talking to us this morning on the 75th

of nagasaki. the stories of several survivors. the film also features a young family in hiroshima born after the bombing who were trying to make sense of the bombing during the 50th

he is studying at nagasaki university.tain joe root says they're making a habit of pulling off unlikely wins after what was a stunning victory in the first test against pakistan. all looked lost for england when they were reduced to 117 for 5 chasing 277. they needed a couple of big performances, and that's exactly what they got from jos buttler and chris woakes. they put in a brilliant performance to drag england towards what had looked like a highly unlikely win. there's more to come — the second test starts on thursday. we set out, at the start of the day, we said that it was going to have to take something quite special, might have to have quite a bit of luck at times, but if we had clarity in how we wanted to play and individual game plans and committed to it, we would give ourselves the best chance. the way that they played that situation was fantastic. i thought it had everything. now it's time for a look at the weather with stav danaos. pa rt part two of the weekend are staying very warm and humid for most of us, p

exhibit of photos at hiroshima and nagasaki -- of hiroshima and nagasaki.saw a still from this footage. he told the organizers, i shot that. my team shot that footage. they said, what are you talking about? he said, this is footage i shot. that led the japanese to investigate. they found the color footage had all been declassified at the national archives, but no one knew about it. it was just as if it had not been declassified. launchedpanese then what is called the 10 foot campaign. you donate a certain amount of money and you can buy 10 feet of the 90,000 feet of footage. they end up getting all of the relevant footage back to japan and started making films in the early 1980's. the first time i was exposed to this was in new york in 1982, when that first japanese documentary was shown, and herbert sussen spoke. i became good friends with him. i edited a magazine called that theimes, and first article about the suppressed footage. it became a mini sensation. documentary filmmakers started to use it. so, thanks to herbert and the japanese, the footage fina

your bombings of hiroshima and nagasaki -- nuclear bombings of hiroshima and nagasaki. we are joined by author and historian ian toll. the eventsmore on that led to the bombings when we talk president harry truman's grandson, clifton truman daniel. ♪ 75 years ago today, the uso and the nuclear weapons bureau. gay,ed from the b-29 enola the bomb called little boy would explode with an impact of 15 kilotons and be responsible for the death of 237,000 people. that and the bombing of nagasaki on august 9 would propel japan to surrender and the end of world war ii. good morning. it is washington journal for this thursday, august 6, 20 20. we are going to spend the entire program on the 75th anniversary of the bombings of hiroshima and nagasaki and the end of world war ii. would like to hear from you. your thoughts on the decision to use the a-bomb, the end of the war and hiroshima's legacy. zones, and central time 202-748-8000. mountain and pacific 202-748-8001. world war ii veterans and their families 202-748-8002. japanese-americans, 202-748-8003 . that line also available

they had not bombed nagasaki. people in nagasaki thought they had not been bombs because it is the christian -- it was the christian capital of east asia. we were in for a big surprise. we also see the stopwatch there, a pocket watch showing 8:15. that is a popular image inside hiroshima. the bomb dropped at 8:15 am. the clock stops, washes stop. stop.r -- watches a lot of images will show that. when we did our first exhibit, many of those replicas were the original artifacts. some were so fragile the museum decided not to let them out of japan anymore. for some of these we have the replicas instead of the originals but almost everything is the original artifact. what we have got here are the famous mushroom clouds, photographs of the mushroom clouds. on august 6, 1945. the description of them from people who were on the plane said it was like a pillar of flames shot up into the air. this cloud kept expanding. from the top of the column, additional bursts kept going up 40,000 feet into the sky. crew of the-- the e

nagasaki 75 years on.ain and temperatures will remain above the seasonal average into next week across much of the uk, especially across much of the uk, especially across the south—east. it will be a warm and sunny day through the afternoon for most of us. that cloud will eventually melt away, burning back to the cause. it could stay a bit grey across eastern counties —— to the east coast. a little bit of cloud dotted around, but for most, the sunshine. those temperatures very pleasant, low 20s in the north, very pleasant, low 20s in the north, very warm in england and wales with humidity and hot again across the south—east. maybe 33 celsius. into this evening, it stays mainly dry, very warm, this evening, it stays mainly dry, very warm, muggy, a this evening, it stays mainly dry, very warm, muggy, a bit of cloud affecting eastern counties of england. we could see a shower or thunderstorm developed across northern and western areas later in the night. a warm and muggy night to come for england and wales, p

the sea port next to inland nagasaki. two weeks after being there, two weeks after being there, and he was on both sides, at least from the veterans administration information, he was all around nagasaki. and he talked to me some about treating the people that the been survivors, but within two weeks, his whole unit got deathly sick. and they were at that point moved halfway between hiroshima and nagasaki. which as his surviving son, my father passed away at age 54 in 1977, and all my aunts and uncles have lived a ripe old age and i to this day believe it was radiation from the bomb there in september, his whole unit was exposed. and i just think that was part of the reason for his premature death. he was questioned very thoroughly by doctors about his cancer and his service in japan in 1977. my mother was a registered nurse. so we would -- he was asked a lot of questions. i think i was about 10 years old and i asked my father, i heard the word armageddon at sunday school and asked him about it. he said son, i have alread

on august 9, we hit nagasaki. it would have been another two weeks to three weeks for the third bomb. host: ian toll is our guest. first call is carlsberg richmond, virginia. caller: good morning -- call is carl in richmond, virginia. caller: good morning. it is very interesting and you hear about why they dropped the bomb. attackad pulled a sneak we did notrbor, and even know the war was going to start as soon as the war was declared, and japan did not do that. what happened when the bomb did notvailable, truman know thing about it. all you knew was he became president. they do not really like him, and they put it to him and said, look, we have this mom. to me, you cannot drop an atomic bomb and say, let's drop it tomorrow or next week. they had already planned for the bomb. what trumanooks at wasto say because he changing his words that the united states is going to drop the bomb. host: do you think the president had a say in that? guest: absolutely. the constitution confers virtuallyowers, unlimited power, as c

thank you. >> the cities of hiroshima and nagasaki. for a moment tragic scenes of devastation have begun to recover with the passage of time. slowly but surely efforts toward construction are being made. ♪ insufficient though the studies of the scientists may have been, they have given hope and light to these cities and their citizens. >>> you're watching american history tv. every weekend on c-span3, explore our nation's past. c-spa c-span3. created by america's cable television companies as a public service and brought to you today by your television provider. >>> weeknights this month, we're featuring american history tv programs as a preview of what's available every weekend on c-span3. tonight, a look at the "u.s.s. indianapolis." on july 30th, 1945, 2 japanese torpedos sunk the "u.s.s. indianapolis" in shark-infested waters. only 317 out of 1196 crew members survived. they were not rescued for several days. on the 75th anniversary of the ship sinking, congress awarded the entire crew the congressional gold medal, its highest d es

reports released later said they observed the same phenomena in nagasaki as in hiroshima. the experts called it radiation sickness. others called it radiation plague because there was no known treatment for. 'd the atomic bomb casualty commission that was set up by the united states after the war was there to study the victims now to treat them. there in fact if they died their remains were often sent to the united states for further testing which is why so many of the japanese see themselves as having been guinea pigs for the american experiment i have a lot of friends who are survivors. and they felt that many of them feel that they were treated terribly in the aftermath and many were humiliated they were forced to get up on those stages get naked in front of this auditorium full of doctors so they could be further examined many of them were young at the time some were teenagers it left a lot of very very deep scars so the american role in the aftermath i think was pretty regrettable at best criminal worst. these are the few survivors still alive today. they have survive

3 days later another bomb fell and nagasaki. that was the final so they surrendered it's perfectly understandable i mean the united states was the only country that has used atomic bombs it used them on what robert oppenheimer the director of los alamos called and essential a defeated enemy this was our good war we will fight. adding fascism in europe we were fighting militarism in the far east and to end the war with something that. has a negative context something that puts a black mark on this war is something that the united states can't quite absorb and so it was justified by the idea that we would have to have lost a 1000000 a 1000000 troops in an invasion there was not going to be an invasion the japanese were going to surrender clearly before. november 1st 1945. ringback the end of the war brought little relief to those suffering from radiation sickness at 1st many were taken in by relatives. but soon she and her sister went back to living in the rubble their illness had made them outcasts 'd ringback. they're all a bit

thank you. >> hiroshima and nagasaki.ment of tragic scenes of devastation have begun to recover with the passage of time. slowly but surely, efforts towards construction are being made. ♪ insufficient though the studies of the scientists may have been, they have given hope and light to these cities and their citizens. next on "reel america," "1000 a thousand cranes: the children of hiroshima." american betty jean lifton was inspired to make this film after going there and learning that cancer from radiation was continuing to affect atomic bomb survivors and their children. the film documents the origins of hiroshima peace park and tell us the story of how handmade paper cranes became a symbol of peace and remembrance for the victims of the august 6, 1945 atomic bombing of the city. ♪

reports and documentaries his shots of the 2nd bomb dropped on nagasaki are often used instead. the earliest misuse d.w. was able to find a short film produced by the us government the associated press gives the date of publication as 1905. and that is actually one was immensely more powerful than the irrational weapon exactly to turn a ball and it had far more destructive power. the national clout. substantial it is bigger. you can tell from comparing that to the 2 bombs and the photography a small slice it more convincing or less you as your next demonstrate the 1st but this shot it's neither hiroshima nor nagasaki a search of atomic history archives suggests that this massive blast is the cherokee hydrogen bomb test over bikini atoll in 1956. did the government and the media make a simple error or was the misuse of the footage intentional. i can't really speculate about whether they were they were deliberately concocted. a misrepresentation that if i was told that was the case it certainly wouldn't surprise me because there were that the american government has been determine

in japan -- in her roshan a and nagasaki nagasaki inima and japan. >> recruitment was very challenging at times because they could not say a lot about what the end goal of the project was. one of the women i profiled in my book was recruited right out of the halls of her high school during her senior year. i have other women who were recruited out of college. i talked to a woman who was recruited out of a diner, so they went all over the place looking for smart, capable, young women who followed instruction very well, who were very capable of following instructions. they also had to recruit a lot of men, and construction wise, turnover was a very big challenge. they did not want to have a lot of turnover because that slowed the construction rate, so they scoured everywhere, getting as many people as they can. from a military standpoint, certain soldiers who had a background in engineering or science might be literally taken right out of line as they were getting ready to, come aboard a ship to go overseas, because they had a certain skill set, or oneirected to oakwood of the other site

since early morning, the alarm was on in the nagasaki area. then it was lifted. but for two hours and a half, and exactly at 11:00, two super forces appeared over the city. at a high altitude. the first plane dropped three objects spectacular two parachutes. then the second plane dropped an object. took about 40 seconds. then came a blinding flash, followed by an explosion, and ablaze. the destruction was the greatest ever done by man. all buildings, save those of stock reinforced concrete were demolished. all of this neighborhood, once teamed with wooden houses and small factories, now is flattened out. only pebbles and broken tiles remain. >> they were directed to make this documentary, focusing on mainly on the physical effects, the effects on plants. the effects on other things, in the natural world with some focus on injuries to people. so it's mainly not, joining the survivors. it's not showing the survivors, i think are scrolling through here and it's a good variety of what was shown of shadow effects. of course quite dramatic, the clash of the bomb, throu

those are seedlings from trees that survived the bombing in nagasaki. some of them will be planted at the truman library when we open -- when we reopen hopefully this year. that is me on the left with the microphone, and this woman who survived hiroshima. she came to this country for reconstructive surgery. next to her is cynthia miller whose father worked on the manhattan project and bombings afterward. she has been dealing with radiation sickness since she was a child. she is, in some respects, a survivor. next to her, with his head bowed, is also a survivor of hiroshima. this is speaking to high school students. i did this on-and-off for four years, speaking in the company of survivors, telling the story and letting students hear firsthand what it was like to survive a nuclear explosion. again, in the interest of peace and disarmament. this man, he brought the sword home from japan. he was a marine artillery captain. he brought the sword home, put it in his closet. he didn't want to take it but the quartermaster was telling him to take the sword. orv

nagasaki was not the original target of bomb number two. chosen, but the target was too hard to drop the bomb on. the mission was changed to nagasaki. i have been saying this to students for years. this is the most unlucky city on earth by nothing more then a bit of chance. nagasaki received the second atomic bombing. >> the battleship missouri, 53,000 ton flagship of the fleet becomes the scene of an unforgettable ceremony, marking unconditional surrender of japan. the u.s. brings representatives of the alliance powers to witness the final capitulation. the general of the army, douglas macarthur, supreme allied commander for japan boards the , missouri. the fleet commander admiral nimitz and admiral halsey welcome them aboard. admiral nimitz escorts general macarthur to the veranda. it is august, 1945. right now, we are on the o-1 level of the battleship missouri also known as the veranda deck. this is where september 2, 1945, the japanese signed their surrender of world war ii. this behind me is where the table sat that day. the ship look

nagasaki was a ship building center. you had the mitsubishi ship works down at the mouth of the river in the harbor, so those were -- those were considered military targets, and that's how they chose. also, there was some -- unfortunately some factor, i believe, they factored in whether or not these places had been bombed already because the scientists and the military wanted to know what kind of destruction the bombs would have. they wanted a pristine target. i'm not sure how much that figured in, but i know that that was at least part of it. but they were trying to choose military targets that would cripple some industry and do a lot of damage. >> i do know that in the initial list of targets, the japanese sacred city of kyoto was listed as a potential target, and it was taken off the list because it was felt to be such a cultural icon for the japanese that it had very little military value. so there was a consideration of the sites from a cultural perspective. again, they were -- at that point they understood that the

nagasaki was not the original target of bomb number two.nother city had been chosen but the cloud cover was too difficult to drop the bomb on it and the mission was changed to nagasaki and i often think of -- i've been saying this to students for 30 years as a universal professor the unluckiest city on earth by nothing more than an accident of weather and a bit of chance nagasaki received the second atomic bombing. >> battle ship missouri, 53,000 ton of the third fleet becomes the scene of an unforgettable ceremony marking the complete and formal surrender of japan. in the bay of tokyo itself the united states destroyer buchanan comes aside bringing representatives of the applied powers to witness the capitulation. general mcarthur, supreme allied commander. commander and admiral halsey welcome mccarthy and his chief of staff aboard. the admiral escorts to the deck where the 20 minute ceremony to take place. it is sunday, september 2nd, 1945. ♪ >> right now we are on the o 1 level of the battle ship "missouri", but thanks to the events of s

especially in nagasaki. because in nagasaki, the bomb missed it by two miles and landed above the cathedral. nag ka sit had not been bombed before this. this was a small bombing in 1944 but preserved in pristine condition along with hiroshima because americans wanted it, have a pris pres teen target to show the effects of the atomic bomb. so people in nag ka sit thought they had not been bombed because it was the christian capital of japan. and there's a crucifix, but we also see the stopwatch there. the pocket watch. it shows 8:15, that's a very popular image inside hiroshima. it dropped at 8:15 a.m. so time stops there. clocks stop, watches stop and it also dropped at 11:02 in n nagasaki. when we did our first exhibit in 1995, many of those replicas were the original artifacts. some are so fragile that the museums decided not to lot them outside of japan anymore. for that reason, some of these we have the replicas instead of the originals. here we have the famous mushroom clouds. the description to them, e

since early morning an air raid alarm was on in the nagasaki area and then it was lifted. but for two and a half hours the warning continued to prevail. then exactly at 11:00 two super fortresses appeared over the city from the northeasterly direction flying at a high altitude. the first plane dropped three objects attached to parachutes. at 11:02:00 the second plane dropped an object the descent taking about 40 seconds. then came a blinding flash followed by an explosion and a blaze. the destruction was the greatest ever wrought by man. all buildings save those of stout reinforced concrete were demolished. the whole of this neighborhood once teemed with wooden houses and small factories now is flattened out. only pebbles and broken tiles remain. >> they were directed to make this documentary focusing on, mainly, the physical effects, the effects on plants, the effects on other things in the natural world with some focus on injuries to people. so it's mainly not showing the survivors. it's mainly showing a wide range. i think you're scrolling through here a good variety of

reports and documentaries his shots of the 2nd bomb dropped on nagasaki are often used instead. the earliest misuse d.w. was able to find a short film produced by the us government the associated press gives the date of publication as 1905. and that is that one was immensely more powerful than the irrational weapon exactly to turn a ball and it had far more destructive power. the b. motion clout is. substantial. is bigger. you can tell from comparing that to the 2 bombs and the photography a small slice if more convincing or less you as your next demonstrate with but this shot it's neither hiroshima nor nagasaki a search of atomic history archives suggests that this massive blast is the cherokee hydrogen bomb test over bikini atoll in 1956. did the government and the media make a simple error or was the misuse of the footage intentional. i can't really speculate about whether they were they were deliberately concocting idea. a misrepresentation that if i was told that was the case it certainly wouldn't surprise me because there were that the american government has been determin

nagasaki was not the original target of balm number two. another city had been chosen but the cloud cover was too difficult to drop the bomb on it, and the mission was changed to nagasaki. i've been saying this to students for 30 years as a university professor, the unluckiest city on earth by really nothing more than an accident of weather and a bit of chance nagasaki received a second atomic bombing. so we've reached here the end of our story of the war in the pacific. and here in the hiroshima gallery the downfall gallery of japan, you can sit and really think about what happened in the course of this war. the vast human cost that was paid by the war in the pacific. i think for every book written about the it there may be 10 to 15 written about the war in europe, the fight against and it's easy to forget what happened in this vast pacific theater. the pacific has assumed enormous importance in u.s. policy, trade. we talk about the importance of the pacific rim and i think pacific issues are going to be with us for quite a long time, and

news -- of nagasaki? was it a cartoon? >> it had something like puppets. >> puppets?ts, but it was more like a movie with regular people. it was something like puppets in a regular movie. i think it was something like that. >> he doesn't remember anything. >> these paintings are titled "reaching for peace." but the title is not that important. to search and find a brightness likeness of peace, a from such a dark and gloomy background, that is the concept. i would like to continue painting such themes about peace. it is my conviction. being a survivor, i always have the hope in my heart of living in a world with no atomic bomb. ♪ >> the children nowadays, the younger generation all hope and pray for apeaceful world. a world without war. but hoping and praying alone will not bring peace. they must also work for it with their hands and feet. because just hoping for peace without taking action will do nothing. this is what i would like to tell the children. ♪ [bell gongs] ♪ ♪ ♪ [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2020] [captioning performed by the national

and nagasaki, we will take your calls. after a couple minutes a conversation, look at the phone numbers on the screen now for our guest, if you look at the eastern central time zone, will go to seven for eight 8000 is your number if you live out west mountain and pacific to a 2001. we have to separate sunday lines this morning, one is for world war ii veterans and their families. 2:02 seven four eight, eight zero zero two. japanese americans, 2:02 seven four eight eight zero zero three. look forward to talking with you and talking to our guest richard frank more perspective here. how widespread in 1945 was support for president truman and his decision to use atomic weapons? has that changed over time? >> the support and 1945 and afterwards was extremely high. numbers, i've seen above 80%. it's changed over the years because the narratives have been employed over the years have changed very much. one of the things that really concerns me about this is, i don't question that we should talk about this and it should be controv

and we go to the commemorative events in hiroshima and nagasaki. we go to the atomic bomb museums at hiroshima and nagasaki, the peace parks, but we also study the japanese war in the pacific, and one of the places i take my students to is the oka masaharun mu vooseum in nagasaki, and tha entirely dedicated to japanese atrocities. somewhat to americans but mostly to other asians. what people have to keep in their minds is that the japanese were victims, but they were also victimizers, and so while american students who participate have to deal with their guilt about what the u.s. did in world war ii, the japanese have to deal with their guilt and their sense of responsibility, and neither the american government nor the japanese government has dealt well with their history. the one country that's taken responsibility for their past much more -- in a much more conscionable way is germany. the japanese have not done it, especially not under shinzo abe, and the united states has not done it. we saw it happened when the smithsonian tried to have an hon

his shots of the 2nd bomb dropped on nagasaki are often used instead. the earliest misuse d.w. was able to find a short film produced by the us government the associated press gives the date of publication as 1945. and that is that the bone was immensely more powerful than the irrational weapon exactly to turn him ball and it had far more destructive power we need the mushroom cloud is. substantial it is bigger. you can tell from comparing that to the 2 bombs and the photography a small slice if more convincing as you as your next demonstrate with that but this shot it's neither hiroshima nor nagasaki a search of atomic history archives suggests that this massive blast is the cherokee hydrogen bomb test over bikini atoll in 1956. did the government and the media make a simple error or was the misuse of the footage intentional. i can't really speculate about whether they were they were deliberately concocting idea. a misrepresentation that if i was told that was the case it certainly wouldn't surprise me because there were that the american government has been determined to vali

as it happens, that is what the nagasaki bombs dead. -- did. it convinced top leadership that the u.s. did not have simply a bomb, we had an arsenal of atomic bombs. the war minister, the second most powerful man in japan, he had been adamant for continuing the war after the hiroshima bomb. after the nagasaki bomb he went around telling leadership that the americans have 100 bombs and the next target is going to be tokyo. that's an amazing argument to make if you are continuing the war. host: how far along with the u.s. at the time of the dropping of the bombs, in its planning for an invasion of japan? the main island of japan? guest: very good question and very different from what it is usually presented. there had been a plan to invade japan on november 1. mr. truman had approved that on the 18th of june, 1945. at that time he was quite reluctant, but he was presented with a scenario in which we were going to have overwhelming superiority going into southern kyushu. and therefore american casualties would be acceptable. and what we now know,

one place i take my students to is a museum and nagasaki.hat museum is dedicated to japanese atrocities, somewhat to americans, but mostly toward other asians. what people have to keep in their minds is that the japanese were victims, but they were also victimizers. while the american students who participate have to deal with their guilt about what the u.s. did in world war ii, the japanese have to deal with their guilt and sense of responsibility, and neither the american government nor the japanese government have dealt well with their history. the one country that has taken responsibility for their past in a much more conscionable way is germany. but the japanese have not done it, especially not under shinzo abe, and the united states has not done it. we saw that when the smithsonian tried to have a historical exhibit in 1995. now we are maybe able to have a discussion. host: brian in massachusetts. good morning. question fore a your guest about some of the personalities. alta conference, we see an ill looking wrinkle in looking franklin

so the title was changed to nagasaki. the unluckiest city on earth, really by nothing more than an accident of whether an chance that nagasaki received the second bombing. so we've reached the end of our story of the war in the pacific. here in the hiroshima gallery, you can sit and really think about what happened in the course of this war. the vast human cost paid by the war in the pacific. for every book written on the war of the pacific, there may be 10 or 15 written in the war in europe, the fight against hitler it is easy to forget about the pacific. pacific issues will be with us for quite a long time. i'm really glad we have the road to tokyo exhibit here in the national world war ii museum. the one nugget we want people to take away is not so much this battle or that battle or this battleship or that aircraft carrier, but the human cost paid when nations decide to go to war. could the united states have avoided world war ii in the pacific? it's hard to see how that would have happened given that the japanese bomb

this is the one that was dropped on nagasaki, fat man. it is a plutonium bomb.ission toapid produce an explosion. getting your thoughts on the 75th anniversary of hiroshima. arlington columbus, ohio. 1938 so iwas born in lived through it. think what trump -- host: truman? in 1945what truman did was absolutely correct. the germans were working on nuclear fission in the late 30's. so was the russians. .o somebody was going to get it i'm not at all put aside that he dropped the bomb. i'm glad we got it before anybody else. so that's my comment. host: in idaho, darrell. caller: good morning. the thing that's bad news with the entire war with the japanese is all the nations, the americans would surrender. russians, they would surrender by the thousands. the germans when they got surrounded, they surrendered by the thousands. the japanese would not surrender. every one of the wars we confronted those people with, you had to go to the last man and sometimes they had as many as 10 or 15 people would surrender out of the thousands. it was a case where i think truman had

lat9 dropped an improved bomb on the seaport of nagasaki. a highly congested city boasting the best natural harbor in western kyushu. [explosion] this bomb, exploding over the district, took the lives of 42,000 persons. 39% of all of the buildings in nagasaki before the calamity. the japanese described their mutilated city as a graveyard, with not a tombstone standing. these terrifying blows were struck in japan only after profound consideration of all of the human and military factors. dropped tobombs were end the war quickly, and they did in the war quickly. richard frank's offer -- author of "downfall." here to talk to us further about the 75th anniversary of the drop of the atomic bombs by the u.s. on japan. richard frank, thank you for joining us. guest: thank you for having me. host: in that last clip, the military film from 1946, it said that the atomic bombs were dropped to end the war quickly, and they did in the war quickly. was this the right decision to make and for those farms the reason for the end of the war? guest: the short