here south of naha our advance is confronted by fairly flat, open terrain. not easily defensible by the japanese whose resistance area is being compressed down to 15 square miles. with the action of the lieutenant general, the interim command of the entire 10th army is assumed by a marine general r roy esguiger. after more than two months of fighting to hold okinawa, the enemy now occupies only seven of the entire 921 square miles. and although individual units put up desperate opposition, almost all organizers assistance is at an end. using the few undamaged roads as runways, the planes of air lee yaw sons are used to transport wounded from the forward zones to real area medical facilities. >> with an actual flight time of ten minutes, this air evacuation service enables front line casualties to be treated at division field hospitals within an hour and a half from the time they are picked up by navy corpsmen. advanced in the southern half of the island has developed into a sporadic but difficult mopping up action. many japanese soldiers like these prefer to

opening of the most physical and decisive phase, the battle for okinawa continues into the streets of naha, a contest for what may well be the doorstep to tokyo. [relentless machine gunfire] ♪ >> okinawa bulletin number two, final phases, is a report on the 82-day long battle of okinawa filmed by u.s. marine corps combat photographers. in this second of two reports, the story of the savage battle is told from about mid-may until the conclusion of fighting on june 22, 1945. about 45,000 americans were killed or wounded during the invasion. ♪ [rousing music] ♪ narrator: the upper 4/5 of okinawa are already in our hands. the principal remaining japanese strength of more than 50,000 troops has managed to stalemate both the 24th army corps and the marine third amphibious corps, which has arrived from the north to support them. from the capital city of naha, the enemy defense line runs unbroken for four miles like a stone wall to the east coast. along this line, marine troops faced the concentrated fire of japanese artillery, which has been the most effective yet encountered in any pacific opera

from the capital city of naha, the enemy defense line runs unbroken for four miles like a stone wall to the east coast. along this line, marine troops faced the concentrated fire of japanese artillery, the most effective yet encountered in any pacific operation. [gunfire] here are (explosions) armored units that operate over terrain that is tactically advantageous to the japanese. volcanic outcroppings and choral knobs enabled the enemy to go from one fortified ridge to another. operation points go over most of the terrain, comprising a stubborn rathole defense system which must be overcome point by point. (music) our artillery delivers heavy fire on the central strong point of the enemy defense line, the garrison village of shuri, which is two heavily fortified for frontal assault -- which is too heavily fortified for frontal assault. [gunfire] [explosions] seasonal rains, persisting for weeks, force curtailment of our artillery operation due to the difficulty maintaining ammunition supply. virtually all vehicular transport is bogged down by roads that are two to three feet deep in

[dramatic music] ♪ to the south, the army has run up against a stone wall outside of naha.for a rest and replaced by marine corps units. [uplifting march music] ♪ >> the first and marine sixth divisions, having completed their mission in the northern effort, are brought in opposite naha and shuri, another japanese strong point. with the bulk of the enemy forces compressed into the lower third of the island, army and marine units will concentrate on breaking the defense line into pockets. [zero raqqa -- heroic music playing] japanese resistance is stubborn and cohesive. the shuri and naha sectors both make heavy demands on individual skill and concerted firepower. [gunfire] [explosion] the enemy's defense is resilient, and many positions, such as sugar loaf hill, must be taken and retaken many times before they can finally be secured. [intense musical buildup] [explosions] ♪ [dramatic music] ♪ the mobile 105 millimeter gun gives direct support to assault infantry troops in frontal attacks. crossing an exposed area, an infantry unit is covered by chemical smoke grenades. the

in the shuri and naha efforts both make demands on individual skill and concerted firepower.silient, and many physicians such as sugarloaf hill must be taken and retaken, many times before they can finally be secure. (noise) the mobile 105 millimeter gun gives direct support to assault infantry troops in frontal attacks. crossing an exposed area, an infantry unit is covered by chemical smoke grenades. the battle for naha develops into a siege with zones of fire plotted to encompass the entire area. artillery batteries to subject the city to intensive, heavy bovard a barrage that persists day and night. (noise) divebombing and strafing aircraft assist in the preparation. outside the city, assault units make ready to jump off to the attack. the battle for okinawa continues into the streets of naha, a contest for what may well be the doorstep to tokyo. [machine gun fire] >> okinawa bulletin number two, final phases, is a report on the 82 day long battle of okinawa filmed by u.s. marine corps combat photographers. the story of the savage battle is told from about mid-may until th

. ♪ >> near naha, capital of okinawa, a marine tank strikes.s overturned and lies burning with four of the crew trapped inside. one group member thrown clear by the explosion, staggering with shock as marines fight to rescue the men inside. the flames reach the tank's ammunition. and all hope of rescue is gone. in the same sector flame cavesng tanks assault holding japanese soldiers and munitions. destruction is total. this was a that are fight for the southern tip of okinawa. one after another japanese positions are burned down. they've already conceded tactical loss. this is indispensable gain in the war against japan. ♪ >> american history tv is on social media. follow us at c-span history. >> up next, the national world war ii museum hosted an online discussion with historian michael neiberg about the crises world leaders faced at the end of world wars i and ii. in a conversation with the museum's jason dawsey, mr. neiberg talked about the visions and strategies

narrator: near naha, capital of okinawa, a marine tank strikes.vehicle is overturned and lies burning with four of the crew trapped inside. one group member thrown clear by the explosion, staggering with shock as marines fight to rescue the men inside. but the flames reached the ammunition. and all hope of rescue is gone. in the same sector flame japanesetanks attack soldiers' ammunition. destruction is total. these actions accompanied the 10th -- one after another, japanese positions are burned down and the japanese have conceded the loss of okinawa. ♪ >> on lectures in history, university of tennessee college of law professor glenn harlan reynolds teaches a class about free speech and legal cases that have impacted the courts' interpretation of this part of the first amendment. the class was taught online due to the coronavirus pandemic. prof. reynolds: hello and welcome to a second episode of

. ♪ narrator: near naha, capital of okinawa, in the american advance on the emory -- the enemy, a marinevehicle is overturned and lies burning with four of her crew trapped inside. one group member thrown clear by the explosion, staggering with shock, comes in as marines fight to rescue the four men inside. but the flames reached the ammunition. and all hope of rescue is gone. in the same sector, flame-throwing tanks attack japanese soldiers' ammunition. [explosions] destruction is total. these actions accompanied the 10th army's bitter fight for the southern tip of okinawa. one after another, japanese positions are burned down. the japanese have already conceded the tactical loss of okinawa. a costly but indispensable gain in the war against japan. ♪ >> you are watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend on c-span three. announcer: to mark patriots' day, a massachusetts state holiday commemorating the battles of lexington, concord, and menotomy in april of 1775, monticello hosts a conversation with president thomas jefferson, portrayed by bill barker. he recounts the events

. >> ♪ narrator: near naha, capital of okinawa, in the american advance on the enemy, a marine tank strikesehicle is overturned and lies burning with four of her crew trapped inside. one group member, thrown clear by the explosion, staggering with shock comes in as marines fight to rescue the men inside. but the flames reached the tank's ammunition. and all hope of rescue is gone. in the same sector, flame throwing tanks assault in the case holding japanese soldiers and munitions. >> ♪ narrator: destruction is total. these actions accompanied the 10th army's bitter fight for the southern tip of okinawa. one after another, japanese positions are burned down. the japanese have already conceded the tactical loss of okinawa, a costly but indispensable gain in the war against japan. >> ♪ >> this is american history tv each we can,here, we feature 48 hours of programs exploring our nation's past. >> tomorrow is patriots' day, a massachusetts state holiday commemorating the bellows. monticello jose conversation with president thomas jefferson portrayed by bill barker. he recalls events that led to

narrator: near naha, capital of strikes.a marine tank it is overturned and lies burning with four ofde. one group member thrown clear by the explosion, staggering with shock as marines fight to rescue the men inside. flames reach the ignition. -- ammunition. and all hope of rescue is gone. sector flame japanesetapes holding soldiers ammunition. and munition. totaled.on is the southern tip of okinawa. one after another japanese positions are burned down. they've already conceded tactical loss. this is indispensable gain in the war against japan. ♪ announcer 1: this is "american history tv" on c-span3 where each weekend we feature 48 hours of programs exploring our nation's past. announcer 2: sunday night on q nd a, -- and a, a look at presidents based on the books they have written. >> you saw in the piercing quote kennedy's father was the one pulling the strings. he was not. there were multiple times when jack kennedy brought up the pulitzer prize. he said i would rather win a pulitzer prize that be president. because he had the strong desire for literary fame even though he did not

los condados de naha, solano y sonoma, la organizaciÓn encargada de entregar la ayuda econÓmica es la humano de california. quÉ deben hacer quienes soliciten este apoyo? marÍa antonieta mejías tiene la informaciÓn. marÍa: ramÓn, buenas noches.despuÉs de insistir durante casi un mes, el equipo de noticias univisiÓn 14 recibe informaciÓn del departamento de servicios sociales de california sobre las organizaciones comunitarias que repartirÁn los fondos a indocumentados en el estado. son 12 organizaciones sin fines de lucro a lo largo de california, las que repartirÁnel fondo anunciado por el gobernador gavin newsom para ayudar a inmigrantes indocumentados afectados por el coronavirus. en el Área de la bahÍa la organizaciÓn es caridad es catÓlicas, que ayudarÁ a solicitar los fondosy a recibirlos para personas sin papeles en alameda, contra costa, marÍn, san francisco, san mateo y santa clara. en el norte de la bahÍa serÁ california human development el proceso para recibir solicitudes comenzarÁ a partir del prÓximo lunes 18. se pide a los interesados no contactar a las organizaciones co

(music) naha, the capital, was a shambles.had no time to fix it because the rock was a staging area for the assault on japan. but that never came. suddenly and dramatically, the war ended. when the japanese surrendered, okinawa was placed under united states jurisdiction. okinawa after the war was a forlorn place. equipment shot up during the fighting. and equipment piled up for the invasion of japan lay around to rust away. the rock was forgotten. the few troops that remain lived in temporary quarters. their primary concern was a never-ending battle with the elements. first it was dust, so much it darkened the sky. then there were the typhoons, sleeping in off the ocean. they lashed the little island with their fury. leaving behind a path of wrecked buildings and equipment. and afterwords, mud, bogging down everything to a crawl. then in 1949 the chinese mainland fell to the communists and suddenly almost overnight the situation changed. in 1950, south korea was invaded. okinawa once again became strategically important. equi

naha in the upper 20s as we go through the next few days. i mentioned the rain developing through the eastern areas of china. there's that stationary boundary to the south and east, looking at decent amounts of rain with this and sures will push eastward. here's a look at what's happening across europe. relatively calm for most of the area. we're talking about a messy scenario due to a couple areas of low pressure. those systems are likely to bring a chance for some rain as we go through the day thursday and even friday. high pressure will be controlling the weather for the next couple days. showers in paris with a high of 23. berlin looking at mid to upper teens for friday over toward the east hope you have a good day wherever you are. >>> one more story for you before we go. the street a aist known as banky has paid tribute to britain's health service with his late east work. the piece went on display in a hospital in southampton. it shows a boy playing with a super hero nurse doll, wearingna facece mask. totoy batmann and spiderman figs l