so they got napoleon's cannons, mounted it, and made them into streetlights. so the streetlights in lake havasu city are made from the cannons of napoleon. was opened october 11, 1971. our town had about 5000 people. only about 50,000 people, stands set up to parade, and there was a dinner, worth $25 a person, a lot of money in those days. opla.s a big ho kind of impressive. in the middle of the desert, london bridge, whoever would have thought that? >> our cities tour staff recently traveled to lake havasu city, arizona to learn more about its rich history. learn more about the city and other stops on our tour at c-span.org/citiestour. you're watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. on october 11, 1988, aids activists occupied the fda headquarters in rockville, maryland to protest for improved treatment and care. history tv,rican the johns hopkins bloomberg school of public health posts a forum, marking the protest's 30th anniversary. two panels and aids activists and medical experts discuss the events that led to the fda protest,

but the eu sees itself as very rigid, the napoleonic code, thatisits very rigid, the napoleonic code,ke comparisons with napoleonic europe. it is a union of democracies. but you accept there is a difference between the english common law approach and the highly codified... lam not approach and the highly codified... i am not using napoleonic as an insult. it is a legal term. the brits have an endlessly flexible, slightly dishonest view of constitutions — that you can make anything work. the northern ireland peace process would never have worked otherwise. we take dramatically different views on how these things work. how do you have a union of 27 without those rules? britain can have an unwritten or uncodified constitution, based on trust, but even that is unravelling as we speak. the rules, drafting, and the idea of the eu as not flexible, it's how it works, and the eu also has to protect its own construction. it cannot encourage other countries to follow the example of britain. in the end, the biggest fear in brussels is that other people saw what britain did and like it, and theref

i am not using napoleonic as an insult. it is all legal term.ions that you can make anything work. the northern ireland peace process would never have worked otherwise. we take dramatically different views on how these things work. how do you have a union of 27 without those rules? britain can have an unwritten or on codified constitution based on trust but even that is unravelling as we speak. the rules, draft them, and the idea of the eu is not flexible... it is how it works and the eu also has to protect its own construction. it cannot encourage other countries to follow the example of britain. in the end the biggest fear in brussels is that other people so what britain did and like it and therefore britain is an example? i don't think it is about punishing britain are showing what is happening you didn't have to do anything in the past few years to show it is not a good idea to break up show it is not a good idea to break up the membership or leave. britain has always benefited most of the time the whole mess has actually already set an exam

from the middle ages to the time of napoleon science books prince archbishops ruled over their sovereign territory ansari not even to the emperor. in fact you could call the whole city a monument to the power of these ecclesiastical princes the city had built over the centuries as a stage on which their well really glory could be acted out. the magnificence of the whole spots give some indication of of importance. attached to the animals themselves. arts and nature joined forces insults book to form an ensemble unique in its charm . the city's architecture is influenced by the cliffs which enclose the old town on both sides of the results a natural protective ramparts. the stein gas or even an ancient roman days anyone wanting to pass from north to south had to pass through this needle zein between the river and the cliff. results book is on a road to italy which doubtless gives the city some of its mediterranean charm. two hundred years ago the german naturalist and explorer alexander from hobart who'd seen some far flung parts of the world wrote i consider the regions of naples constan

this great chapel was originally planned for just five guy but in eight hundred fourteen journey napoleonic rules the british destroyed the danish fleet which spelled ruin for the kingdom's treasury. there was now no money to build a new chapel so space had to be found and here succeeding were. the last of the funerary chapels in the cathedral that was built in one thousand nine hundred twenty four for christiane the ninth and his successors. the as. roskilde a cathedral has many a tale to tell and many a mystery to reveal in this age there revealed to anyone for the wings of the old has a kept open now a days not merely opened on a high feast days. a model of details carving the high altar crafted in fifteen sixty narrates the life of christ. happy days whose names are emotionalized here whose histories have their place beside the biblical tales for the family of used to well having this plaque placed here was doubtless felt to be a great. admiral you well commanded the danish return a battle against the swedes in seventeen fifteen but a cannon ball proved his undoing at the very moment wh

subjects appeared in newspapers and magazines in britain and around the world, fur vent admirer of napoleon, a -- a -- her has truly made his mark on history. one of the reasons the many reasons that andrew roberts may be the person biographer of winston churchilles the above description applies equally to them both. in his -- >> i spoke of that coming up. >> we should read the novel. in his -- >> please don't. >> that's what churchill said about his. in miss memoirs of the second world war, churchill reflected on the moment when up malt power came to him in may 1940. i was conscious of a prow found sense of relief that at last i had the court to give directs over the whole scene. i felt as if i were walking with destiny and that all my past life had been but a preparation for this hour and for this trial. after decades of research, ceaseless travel in the great man's footsteps and the use of new sources it's brilliantler and indication of churchill's walk with destiny but that the new storeses that distinguish this work. rather the calm and around judgment that andrew applies to the countl

napoleon of course who saw his project uniting europe and then governing the entire world as inspired by the roman empire. and in its own twisted distorted way. nazi germany is an attempt to do rum one better. .. .. just. the government of self determining independent state living among many other self determining independent states. moses, the god of heaven and earth, so you would think the god of heaven and earth would tell him the same thing the other gods tell the other national leaders, go out and conquer the 4 corners of europe and bring them to submission so we can have peace and prosperity but that is not what happens. the happens, the god of israel was the first god in history to give borders to his people. we find in deuteronomy moses telling the people that god has given us borders because he gave other lands to other nations so they can have their independence and if we cross those borders we get punished. underlying this idea is what this could bring, freedom and well-being to the world which is at odds with imperialism. this is a view that suggests if each nation pursues

to ave to do a step back napoleon. and eon escaped from elba ot his army behind him and fought the british in waterloo in belgium. and found his waterloo and the duke of wellington, the general, took all the cannonance brought them to england. they have been there a little while. the he needed iron for streetlights for the bridge so cannons and leon's made them into streetlights. lake streetlights in havasu city are made from the into paoe-- napoleon of 1971.s opened october 11, the town will about 5,000 people. 50,000.re are about ll stands set up to parade and there was a dinner, it was $25 a person. in thro those days. is impressive. in the middle of the desert the london bridge. who would have ever thought that st that? >> our cities tour staff recently traveled it like lake lake. tour at more on our c-span.org/cities tour. american tching history tv all weekend every on c-span 3. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2018] >> c-span where lift un

against russia in a case brought by opposition activists the lexan of only judges and straw sided with napoleon said his various jailings by russian authorities between two thousand and twelve and twenty fourteen were politically motivated involved he is a fierce critic of president vladimir putin and found himself behind bars on numerous occasions. some of organizing illegal demonstrations when detaining. the refugees in bangladesh have protested against attempts to send them back to me in mar with many of them fearing for their safety the protests caused bangladesh authorities to postpone the launch of a repatriation plan agreed with me and maher but opposed by the united nations refugee agency an estimated one million rohingya muslims are living in huge camps around the bangladeshi city of cox's bazar having side violence and persecution in . the sheer scale of the refugee crisis in bangladesh hundreds of thousands of muslims are living in squalid camps just like this they fled me on my arm because of army led violence following a military crackdown but with agreement from myanmar bangladesh

russia in a case brought by opposition activists alexina of all the judges in stross berg sided with napoleon said that his various jailings by russian authorities between twenty twelve and twenty fourteen were politically motivated and of all he is a fierce critic of president vladimir putin and has found himself behind bars on numerous occasions russia hughes's him of organizing illegal demonstrations each time they have detained him. or germany's national football team face russia tonight coach you walk in love is likely to use the friendly to continue to test out new ideas on the pitch is the biggest concern is germany's a lack of goal scoring and he's hoping to overcome that before monday when germany have a match that matters in europe's nation's leak. take two of the rave in germany go into their friendly against russia still seeking to regain their fans confidence following a disastrous world cup their recovery after that debacle hasn't gone well when they've lost their last two matches that might be the reason that there are still ten thousand unsold tickets for wednesday's game over

london and no one intends now to exhume napoleon. history is the one it is and here we have some people that it is not modern thinking is marxist thinking. what they want in a way is to eradicate franco and t system that franco worked for 40 years. >> reporter: franco came to power in 1939, after a three year civil war. up to half a million people were killed during the conflict. during his ensuing dictatorship, tens of thousand his opponents were killed or icprisoned. franco was ideologly aligned with hitler's nazis and provided military and material support to the german led axis, but stayed out of the second world war. historian niolas sanchez albornez, now 92, spent six years in prison with three other students for opposing franco politically. >> ( translated further than expressing opinions and a certain propaganda and it led us to being arrested and to stand before a mitary court. the valley of the fallen is a monstrosity of the years after the war, it should be turned into a national cemetery and be neutral and respectful to a

each time it was taking place at the tomb of the great napoleon.we had so many of them. we've almost... we've almost got used to them. almost liking them. actually, it has extended to any great french person who died. charles asnavou was the last to have a eulogy given by the president and it was been fantastic. and the wonderful french politician who entered the french government, a wonderful ceremony. watching your tv set, shedding tears every time we hear la marseilles. it is too much, it's become too powerful! over the last five years, we all thought, we need to end this. president macron has been touring the country for the world war i commemoration for five days. i think that is four too many. you had to strike a fine balance between the past, present and future. at some point, you might get stuck. the important day is november the 11th. it is sunday. the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. you have 12 heads of states... when the guns fell silent. exactly, important in paris. the whole week, i want my president to be at his desk and

insightful person so those dictators that come from outside the one where they have taken control and napoleonwas the corsican that acuity is something in a completely different context. and then to come to london to find himself as a member of parliament and that assumption was the nourishment so with that achievement you are able to do that. but then with enormous insights into society and then to pivot for modernity. economically not because it is intergalactic lee to the political economy with the division of labor but the things that really marks on the hinge to put markets at the center. but with political modernity to put representative government at the central and if you think about democracy in different ways, the most fruitful is that the process that you can change your government after general election. in the between 1786. them practically as well as intellectually. with the states around the world with radically anti- democratic to have some respect with china. so they have a power about them and i tell that story as well. but that's another story. and then to publish any two bo

ruled against russia in a case brought by opposition activists alexina judges and strong cited with napoleon said his various jailings by russian authorities between two thousand and twelve and twenty fourteen were politically motivated the valley is a fierce critic of president vladimir putin and it's found himself behind bars on numerous occasions russia accused him of organizing a legal demonstrations when detaining him. let's bring in our correspondent in moscow emily sure when it was standing by for us hi emily good to see you so what does this european court of human rights decision actually mean for moscow. well certainly it's a bit of a blow on the one hand it is a blow to russia it's a bit of a mix rather on the one had it is a blow to russia because this ruling says that these arrests were politically motivated so essentially the ruling is questioning the existence of the rule of law in russia which is something that officials here including putin always emphasize as being very important and of course russia does care about its image on the international stage but on the other hand

of a major party, he received 66% of the vote last year, becoming france's youngest leader since napoleontical party swept the parliamentary elections. since then his ratings have sunk. what makes him tick? probably the most important decision you made in your life other than deciding to run for the presidency of france, you made when you were 16 years old. you fell in love with a woman who was your teacher who was 24 years older. when you look at it and think what you must have gone through, the difficulties with your family and her family and society at large, is that a powerful window into understanding you? >> probably. probably. probably, she is much, much more bold and courageous than i am because she was 40. she has a life and it started different. i think the main merit is my wife's merit. for sure what i built at that time and what we built together is not to be upset by what people think about you. but when you convince and sincere about what you are doing, when you don't lie to yourself and to the other, you welcome something that was thought of as impossible. definitely. >> wh

it was also in the napoleonic style and of course that emulated the jeffersonian democracy -- i should say the jefferson onion -- jeffersonian democracy emulated that. she would wear bright colors and instead of wearing a crown she came up with the idea of wearing a turban. in fact, that became her trademark. just so you would never fail to know where she was in these crowded rooms she often wore long bird of paradise feathers in the turbine . in fact almost all of her portraits i think except two are certainly painted while she was first lady are all painted well ask her with her turbine. as to the fact she wore these low-cut dresses that were a little bit scandalous it is really kind of extraordinary when you think about the fact that she had been a quaker and had been raised as a quaker and he is to be in all covered up grace and dark colors. at one of her receptions she encountered a gentleman who had also once been from the same meetinghouse that she and her family had attended in philadelphia and he had left and she said brother wears by broad bring -- rim and he looked at her an

believed to be played in 1900 for the first time during a battle in italy in a battle fought by napoleon at one time the national anthem of france. right now the french president is reviewing the military academy. the french equivalent of west point, those are the bodies that train not only the best officers of the french military but also some of the top civilian engineers and each of those schools have their own history, their own protocol, obviously their own uniforms. they were created two centuries ago to give france the best bureaucrats and staff at every position. >> we have nic robertson with us as well among our correspondents covering this momentous occasion. nic, i want to ask you about the optics we just saw. we have vladimir putin right near donald trump right near erdogan of turkey and netanyahu as well. all there together. >> reporter: absolutely. and president trump has sort of set something as a standard at meetings of global leaders intending to be one of the last to arrive and sometimes late in for meetings, but it was president putin who was the last to turn up here.

the glory on the battlefield, not since napoleon. it's actually germany.hey said they want the keys to the car of the european army, they didn't go so well last time. it's like giving the keys to the son who has wrecked her car twice and say who you go again. she sounds a little bellicose, angela merkel. i think we could see another land grab if they get another army there in germany. >> greg: a lot of what macron is doing, they come in with high approval ratings but they can't get anything done because of the unions in france. so you choose the united states to slap around. >> juan: you know it was delicious, trump, in response to your point, says macron is simply engaged in distracting people because of his low approval. i was like oh, my god. no self-awareness. no self-awareness. cruz knows that when he sees it. >> kennedy: at least he's reading the correct page in the playbook. he knows exactly what macron is doing. >> juan: how come trump supporters never get this? >> greg: trump is never trying to distract you. he's just doing what he does. it's two

and if you look off to what would be my far right, your far left, also note that you see one of napoleon's soldiers ravishing a woman. war in all its horror, all its ugliness, goya put it out there for people to see just as snell did. my point, the northern people did not see this face or these faces of war, certainly did not see it after antietam. they vanished in these woodcuts. also want to note -- i feel like this composition is more balanced than the photograph, and the war, you don't see it anywhere on the ground. it's much cleaner. we'll go back. here you get a feel of the chaos, the randomness of battle. here is cleaned up a little bit more for the harpers reader. we're never going to know the artistic decision that went behind harpers, in terms of why they used the gardner's photograph that they did. we'll never know the conversations harpers had with matthew brady. we'll never know this. but we do know this. those images that were received by the people on the home front competed with what was by far the most dominant visual image that came out of antietam, and it is of the heroi

and writing about typhus against napoleon's army, are there any accounts of the role that typhus could have played against the other armies in world war i? >> that is the only mention i remember offhand, but it was not insignificant, i will say. thank you. >> one final question and then we are eating into the next panel's time. >> for all of the battalions in the aef, most personnel and national army? >> i am hesitating because i am not positive. i believe so. there were three combat battalions that participated in operations, but there were many other battalions being trained and equipped that did not do service. i have to hesitate and say i am not positive. >> the number would it seem to indicate they were national army, but then you had a few regular army commanders. >> i think i deal with the explanation somewhere in my book, but i do not remember. the numbers designate the 300 series numbers for the battalions. i believe they were designated as national, but i am not positive. i would have to check that. >> i would like to thank the panel. [applause] certainly generated interest a

anybody a short miserable bastard is ruling a country, do you know how short you have to be to have a napoleonnorth korea. >> you can almost hear the synapses. intense guy energetically. went to harvard law school. a really great brain. >> seriously, you're not the only one here. all these rubber faced monsters. what the -- how much worse could your real face look than that clown mask you've had welded op to your head. you used to look your age, now you don't even look like your species. >> the first time i saw him perform, i thought oh, standup is a sport. he was so intense and he was so quick. he didn't wait for anyone to laugh. >> this guy writes so many jokes before the show, it's not even funny. unbelievable. it's kind of what we do here, dennis. comedy writers >> you're the guy in school that did all the homework and asked if there was any more that needed to be done. >> that's a good point. >> and if you had tried a little comedy writing, maybe your show would still be on the air. >> i first got to know him bying to tough crowd. his takes were where is funnier than anything i could come

were of those people former members of napoleon's army. they defended the city.ave cannons to defend new orleans. some historians say that he accidentally attacked an american ship. for some reason, he was expelled from new orleans after the battle even though he was a hero to some people. and that is when he went to galveston. this part of louisiana, from the river that runs through lake charles to the river that louisiana, wasnd still up for debate in a sense. the u.s. but they had purchased all of this land. but the spanish government said they had not. there was a long-standing debate about who owns this territory. 4-5 years after the louisiana purchase. this whole region in western louisiana was basically considered free range. no one was going to patrol the area. he moved here seeing it as a space to operate freely. some of the earliest members of population,' people came here for that same kind of reason. it was a chance to claim land and settle in a place that was relatively free and open. as soon as he came to galveston, according to certain local legend

that were won and then lost, and it's kind of the opposite of what that poll eurozone -- january -- napoleon1:00 i'd lost it, at 3:00 i won it. i thought we'd won more. mark: do we ever win seats that we were losing five days later? i can't think of many. >> no. i think maybe 20 years ago, but now it's the sciu that mobilize people. democrats are much better at it than republicans, and we thought we would learn. the other thing in these very close races where we lost some good people, we've got this missing 4-5, the so-called deplorable, the trump base, whatever. they were there, but now there's going to be a great discussion where do you, pick up the missig 5% that would have won you some of these good senate seats. is it to appeal to the african-american community and say i think trump might want to consider that, go into the inner city and say, you know what? i may have said things, you may have said things, we didn't get along, but i want you to have leverage over your employer. i want you to have a choice of jobs. i gave you an opportunity and an economy, and i think you're going to tak

but it was also in the napoleonic style and that emulated the jefferson democracy emulated the new post-monarchy in france. so mrs. madison would wear bright colors and instead of wearing a crown, she came up with the idea of wearing a turbine. in fact, that became her trademark. and just so you would never fail to know where she was in the crowded rooms, she would often wear long birds of paradise feathers in the turban. but in fact almost all of her portraits i think except two certainly painted while she was first lady are all painted with her turbine. and as to the fact that she wore these low-cut dresses that were a little bit scandalous, it is really kind of extraordinary when you think of the fact she had been a quaker and had been raised as a quaker and used to being all covered up and wearing gray and dark colors. in fact at one reception she encountered a friend, a gentleman who also once had been in the -- from the same meeting house that she and her family had attended in philadelphia and he had left and she looked at him and said, brother, where is thy broad brim, meaning his hat an

which would be to my far right or your far left in the background also note that you see one of napoleon's soldiers ravaging a woman. war, in all of its horror, all of its ugliness, he put it out there for people to see. just as snell did. my point, the northern people did not see this or the spaces of war and certainly did not see it after antietam. they vanished in these woodcuts. also wanting to note, i feel like this composition is more balanced than the photograph, and that the titus of war you do not see it on the ground, do you? it is greener, we will go back, right here. here you get a feel for the chaos and the randomness of a battle. here, it is cleaned up a little bit more for the harpers reader. we are never going to know the artistic decisions that went behind harpers, in terms of why they use the gardener photographs that they do we will never know about the conversations that they had with matthew brady we will never know that. but, we do know this. we do know that those images, that were received by the people on the homefront, competed with what was by far the most dominan

i'm going to do it here and it was after thhurricane, the blight, and i can type in napoleon avenue andhere, bm, done. all the things in my neighborhood, l the blight. and it tells us what the status is, the latest activity. >> it was a great project. we did it in 2012 with an amazing team. and it changed the conversations between the people in the neighborhoods whcawere adng for various properties to be demolished or rehabilitated and the government.to priolight status there was no way of knowg where these properties stood. you had these meetings between government and the neighborhood activists that were just sort of shouting at each oth. once they could literally all be on the same page, they started working productively together. >> and clear my record, that one fascinated me. explain that.>> lear my record is driven by what we cayou will the implementation gap. an example of an implementation gap is in every state, particularly california where we live, there are remedies that allow people who have low level convictions m. their record to clear t very often these are felonies but t

the leaders gathered under a glass canopy at the foot of the arc de triomphe, built by emperor napoleon06. president macron re—lit the flame over the tomb of the unknown soldier. president macron stressed the importance of global unity in his address. translation: this brotherhood, this fraternity, ladies and gentlemen, dear friends, fraternity, ladies and gentlemen, dearfriends, is fraternity, ladies and gentlemen, dear friends, is an fraternity, ladies and gentlemen, dearfriends, is an invitation fraternity, ladies and gentlemen, dear friends, is an invitation to enter into the only battle that is right, the battle, the struggle for peace, the struggle for a better world. long live peace among peoples and amongst states, long live the free nations of the world, long live friendship among peoples, along with france. commemorations also took place at menin gate, near the city of ypres in belgium, close to the battlefields where millions of people died. a rain of poppies was dropped from the ceiling, the red flower has come to symbolise those who lost their lives, as it was one of the fe

when we talk about things in the abstract, we don't really get into what that means, i mean, when napoleonbonaparte brother was running spank him he did a lot of stuff he didn't like. constant back-and-forth. he was a puppet. yanukovych did things putin didn't like. when i think of things in compromise or something like that, i think there's two things. one is how with a compared to the other potential candidate? in this case it's obvious. and the other is not counted completely control this person. does donald trump wake up and wait for orders from putin? no. are the things has to avoid are areas he has to negotiate about things in a way he's not considering what's best for america, he's considering what's best for him. i think that is clearly with me, clearly an issue and a problem i do think, you make a good point, it's counterproductive to think of it as being like a robot operated public. it's a very human, all about personality. so it's complicated but i think there is compromise. >> do we have time for one more? this has to be the last one. >> so for me, cybersecurity perspective, w

the tunnel itself was built by napoleon in the early 1800s. when the germans built their defensive system in 1917 and increased it in 1918, they used the tunnel for communications ability. there's a massive structure that still stands today. susan: now we are going into america's greatest battle. mitchell: it ultimately would be 47 days and more than one million american troops, the largest concentration of american soldiers in our military history. susan: you know the number of losses? mitchell: roughly 26,000 americans died during the battle. something like 100,000 were wounded. susan: and in the worst of conditions, it looks like. mitchell: if you have ever been to this part of france in the fall, the battle started on september 26. it rained almost every day. as allison pointed out, these roads had been used in previous battles numerous times. they were not in the best condition. you had engineers going out trying to fill in holes using lumber, stones from houses that had been decimated. really, horses were the best way to get transportati

is a very serious incident, and there is this quote attributed to the taliban when he heard that napoleon had personally executed a particular prints, and they said, you know what a terrible crime, and he said it is worse than a crime, and it was a mistake. that does apply in this case and again, a real strategy, and someone who spoke at this conference, >> and a friend of ours and a friend of mine. >> and the question that you had was really the root of the question and that is the american lack of dependability or a willingness to stay the course, and i think that is a hugely important point and the fact is, there are reasons for this questioning of american will and at various times, the united states again goes back and forth between the realist and idealistic impulses as well. we have had periods we have had a long period of war in iraq or afghanistan, it is understandable that an administration wants to emphasize nationbuilding at home rather than abroad. i think all of these impulses here are understandable, but i do think that you are right to highlight the fact that we have to be

he said you might be a joy is caesar -- there might be a julius caesar or a napoleon coming on. the only thing was to reinstate the rule of law but remember the ideals of the country. he was worried that the memory of the revolution were already fading so that people were forgetting what we were founded for, so we counsel every person to read about the revolution as mothers read their bible to their children. and that that was the answer to motivate again the memory of the ideals of the country, to fight against the possibility of such a thing happening in our democracy. so your question raises that perfectly. these anniversaries are incredibly important. history is so important, so that we think about what these other people dead, how we got through how we got to those times have and what were the benefits of remembering how we were founded. lincoln said no one would want to change you are where you are in the country, the country is an troubling times, and the best thing to do, since i love history so much, reading history and remembering these times and celebrating the leader

that result puts above third place napoleon on goal difference have told me able to get a five one win the night before when they beat him paulie belgian striker drifts margins getting. and real madrid have played for the first time in the league since they sacked coach who live in love peggy rather interim coach santiago to laurie saw his team bounce back from the five one defeat to barcelona that caused the downfall of his predecessor a two zero win over dole it courtesy of initiates and captain sergio ramos. and a two way race for the title produced a five four thriller in the chinese superleague on saturday some big names on show shanghai with extra zille striker hole in their ranks and goings though coached by italy's world cup winning captain fabio cannavaro hopes corner led to shanghai taking the lead through louis when john in front of around sixty thousand fans and gonzo the lead changed hands several times probably no pulling out three two but it was jane high who broke the game open in the end holds penalty putting them out of reach and the brazilian showing where he gets hi

. >> and, you know, there's this quote attributed to tally rand when he heard that napoleon had personally executed a particular prince, and they said, you know, what a terrible crime. he said it's worse than a crime, it's a mistake. by the way, he didn't actually say that, but it is attributed to him. >> it works. >> that does apply in this case. >> yes. >> and, again, a real tragedy. and, by the way, someone who spoke at this conference -- >> and a friend. absolutely, a friend of ours, a trend of mine. >> so, look, but the question you had was really the root of the question is american inconstancy or lack of dependability or unwillingness to stay the course. and i think that is a hugely important point. the fact is that there are reasons for this questioning of american will, that at various times -- and, of course, the united states, again, goes back and forth between its realist and and idealist impulses and so forth as well. we have periods where when we've had a long period of war in iraq, afghanistan, let's say it's understandable that an administration will come into office and wa

about the actual terms, versailles was the first time -- if you go back to major peace , after the napoleonic are negotiations going on about how do we balance all of these out? none of that. here it is, sign it or else. what that meant was a lot of orple who opposed hitler's were just ordinary germans were really outraged when they realized how they had been treated and carved up. inticularly since already december 1918, the civil war had broken out. it was a very bloody civil war. -- wilsonole idea said the war to end all wars, well maybe in france and america, but the fighting from finland all the way into romania was -- went on. it was not resolved until the polls be the soviets and they signed the peace a treaty in 1922. host: 100 years since world war i. our guests here at the table, john mosher, and author of many books. , back to yourzen phone calls. mark is a joining us from charleston, south carolina. good morning. thank you for c-span's coverage all year and all of the things you have done. two summers ago, we had richard ruben from brunswick, maine talk to us in belgrade public li

. >> there is a quote attributed to talleyrand, when he heard that napoleon had personally executed a particular prince, and, they said, you know what? it is a terrible crime, he says it is worse than a crime it a mistake, by the way he did not actually say that but is attributed to him, and again, it is a real tragedy, someone who spoke at this conference, -- >> -- and a friend. >> i mean, the question that you had was, really, the root of the question is, american inconstancy or lack of dependability, or unwillingness to stay the course, and i think that that is a hugely important point. the fact is that there are reasons for this questioning of american well, that at various times and of course, the united states again, goes back and forth between realist and idealistic impulses and so forth as well. we have periods where we have had a long period of war, in iraq, afghanistan, stated understandable that an administration will come into office and want to enter size nationbuilding at home rather than abroad, so i think that all of these impulsive here are understandable. but, i do t

critics see that hamilton is a would be napoleon, that he craves power. and he certainly does. he takes this brilliance, ambition, merges it with productive work in a way that basically is unmatched. his afternoon rival, thomas jefferson expressed the fact that hamilton really is a colossus, without numbers, he is a host within himself. think how washington would feel to find this combination of talent and a capacity for productive work. he's so overwhelmed by problems. this is like a god send. washington wanted people as he put it himself who can think for me as well as execute orders. and hamilton, his affinity for the way washington thought was unequalled. ron childreno put it this way. hamilton was able to project himself into washington's mind and intuit what the general wanted to say, writing it up with instinctive tact and defendant diplomatic skills. it was an inspired piece of venn trill owe quichl. washington gave hits and presidento out popped a letter in record time. you could see how how wonderful that would be for someone like washington. he is really washington's