. >> narrator: november 2010. president barack obama anxiously waited for the midterm election results. >> you can't understand what happened in the budget crisis that ensued, and that still hovers, without understanding the 2010 elections, because that's the whole deal. >> an historic election for the republican party... >> narrator: and later that evening... >> it's a whole new political world for the president... >> narrator: he knew the worst. >> a whole new day in washington... >> well, it was obviously a sobering outcome, the midterm. he was very unhappy and sad about the loss. we had a meeting at the white house, and the president began by saying, "we got our butts kicked, and there's no doubt about it." >> now the republicans back in power in the house of representatives... >> narrator: his party had decisively lost the united states house of representatives. >> democrats are nursing a major midterm hangover... >> narrator: inside the white house, they knew things were about to change. >> once you change p

. >> narrator: november 4, 2008. on this night, in chicago, inside barack obama's private world, the news began to sink in. >> i kept watching obama as he transformed from this young man to the next president of the united states. this was a different man. >> there are tens of thousands, maybe hundreds of thousands who have gathered in grant park in chicago. >> ladies and gentlemen, the next first family of the united states of america. >> narrator: only four years earlier, he'd been a state legislator. >> the look on his face to me looked like someone who finally understood the weight of the job that he had just won. >> almost as if the weight of the world had rested on his shoulders. >> the road ahead will be long, our climb will be steep. two wars, a planet in peril, the worst financial crisis in a century. but america, i have never been more hopeful than i am tonight that we will get there. i promise you, we as a people will get there. god bless you, and may god bless the united states of america. >> narrator: if

>> narrator: this would be the biggest showdown between congress and a major wall street banker. >> narrator blankfein was unapologetic. >> clients know our activities and they understand what market making is. >> do you thing they know that you think something is a piece of crap when you sell it to them and then bet against it? you think they know that? >> the nature of the principal business and market making... >> lloyd blankfein argued it was perfectly okay, that at the same time we were selling securities to you, we were betting on the fact these securities were going to go down. "but that's okay 'cause we're a market-maker and we're allowed to do that." that sounds like fraud to me. in the first half of 2007, goldman sachs sold long-position cdos to its clients, right? >> we sold... we reduced our risk. >> so you were selling cdos at the same time you were taking short positions on the same cdos? >> the best way of reducing your risk is to sell what you have. >> i believe in a free market, but if it's gonna be truly free, it cannot be designed for just a few people. it must be free of

narrator: without half of its water supply, the city would shut down. for nearly 40 years, new york has been in the process of constructing a solution. man: this project is water tunnel number 3. we started on this project in 1969. i'm a sandhog. i've been a sandhog for 37 years. narrator: sandhogs are the men of local 147, who work deep below the city. they began building the infrastructure of new york in 1872. from the subways to the sewers, the water tunnels to the highway tunnels, new york city thrives because of their work. ryan: you got one little hole in the ground, and nobody knows we're here. see the empire state building, right. that's 1,000 feet. so you figure, you go down 1,000. how high that is -- that's how far we go down. narrator: stretching more than 60 miles under the city, tunnel 3 is taking generations of workers to complete. ryan: i don't even want to imagine what my father had to go through. when we first started, it was a rough job. everything was dynamite. now, they have these machines called "moles." it's like a big drill, and i

narrator: las vegas is one

narrator: okay, your secret is safe with me. thanks. narrator: hmm.mes) (grunting): oh... how is a frog supposed to get any sleep around here? (buzzing) frog? what is it, bug? aw, i was wondering if that noise was keeping you awake, too. yes. in fact, it is. what is that terrible sound? i was hoping you'd know. well, i'm going to get to the bottom of this. a frog has to have his sleep. otherwise, i get all... (croaks) croaky. i know. narrator: frog and bug soon found they weren't the only wordfriends who couldn't sleep that night. go long, dog, go long. (barks) (howls "uh-oh") sheep, dog. (howls "hello") sheep? sheep! (stammering): oh, uh, hi, frog. hi, bug. w-what are you doing out here in the middle of the night? (banging loudly) well, uh, you know i don't mean to complain, but that noise is just too loud for me to sleep, even with the wool in my ears. (banging loudly) oh, dear. (whimpering) (moans) (banging loudly, dog barks) (dog growls, sheep stammers) dog? don't worry, sheep, we'll get to the bottom of this. follow me. so the friends headed out

narrator: uh, what are you doing, frog? oh, hi, mr. narrator. i'm fixing my doorbell.himing softly) (pop) (bell ringing) kids: bell. ant (over radio): hey, hey, all you music lovers! ant here on radio station w-o-r-d, word. all day long, the best music bands in word world are performing here at my radio station! so come on down! we want to hear your band! (gasps): my band?! narrator: ever since frog was just a young tadpole, he'd had a secret wish-- to be in a band. (bell rings) introducing... frog and his band! (imitates crowd cheering) narrator: but there was only one problem. (bell ringing) (screeching): ♪ she'll be coming round the mountain when she comes... ♪ (croaking) i have the croakiest voice ever! (sighs): i could never be in a band. (rings bell) (deep, rhythmic chirping) (instruments join in rhythm) (gasps) hm? where's that music coming from? ♪ hey, bugs! what are you doing? oh, hi, frog. we're rehearsing for our big bug band performance on ant's radio station this afternoon! hey, you want to hear us? oh, yes, i love music! ooh, come on to my log, guys. i ha

narrator: atlanta is a rapidly growing urban area. its primary source of drinking water is the chattahoochee river, which also provides water to many downstream communities. but its infrastructure is dangerously old, without outdated facilities and combined sewer overflows polluting the watershed. the city faces strict consent decrees and lawsuits, along with a severe lack of funding. man: when i started working for the city of atlanta in the late '70s, we were approaching that point in time where a lot was going to be needed, in terms of rehabilitation and upkeep. most of the very large pipes were at least 80 years old. we had needs that were identified in the '50s and in the '60s and in the '70s that were deferred. woman: we are urging that we all try to find a way to overcome the obstacles and limitations that might exist. woman: when i was running for office, i met someone who knew mayor hartsfield, who, in the late 1960s, said, "i don't know who the next mayor will be, "but i know they'll have to fix the water and sewer infrastru

narrator: over 300 million people live in the united states. and each person uses an average of 100 gallons of water every day. man: what it takes to actually make clean water is somewhat a mystery to most customers. woman: so how does water get from the river into your house, or here at school? woman: somebody has to bring that water to us, and somebody has to take it away when we're finished with it. man: the water infrastructure is vital for disease protection, fire protection, basic sanitation, economic development, and for our quality of life. man: you just can't visualize all the assets that are under our feet. we have about two million miles of pipe in this nation. if you're walking around in an urban area, you're probably stepping on a pipe. man: our grandparents paid for, and put in for the first time, these large distribution systems. woman: and in many cases, it's not been touched since. man: we're at a critical turning point. much of that infrastructure is wearing out. narrator: our water infrastructure is made up of complex, underg

>> yeah. >> narrator: the new school adam was so fond of was sandy hook elementary school. he was six years old and in the first grade. wendy wipprecht's son miles, who is autistic, was in adam's class at sandy hook. and was invited to his "new friend's" birthday party. wendy now has parkinson's. >> adam had his sixth birthday party and invited a group of kids to go. that's where i remember talking with nancy. nancy was concerned about adam. he was shy, a little withdrawn, quiet. she was worried that perhaps he had some kind of neurobiological condition. >> wendy, were there any support groups? >>oh, sure. >> did you ever participate in any? >> sure. did you ever hear whether nancy did? >> none of the ones that i was in, but she was talking about sending adam to st. rose because classes were smaller and she thought he might do better there. >> did she say why she thought he needed... >> i think it was his shyness and uncomfortableness, i guess, in large social situations. a class of 20 people is a lot for a six-year-old to handle. >> so did he not have a one-on- one aide li

narrator: large amounts of rainwater can cause flooding. engineers developed two approaches to stormwater infrastructure to transport water away from the urban environment. one approach was to carry waste and stormwater through the same pipe. this combined system was less expensive than building two individual pipe networks. and stormwater was seen as a way to flush out the sewers. through the 19th century, the combined system was considered state-of-the-art throughout the world, and is still in use in many cities today. but cities constructed these systems before treatment was the standard. and even today's largest treatment plant doesn't have the capacity to treat the sudden volumes of water rushing through a combined system during rain. the plant is overloaded, and the excess rainwater, mixed with untreated raw sewage, is diverted straight into local waterways, creating a combined sewer overflow, or cso. there are over 700 communities in the united states with combined sewer systems. the other approach was to separate wastewater from sto

(narrator) "dances with wolves" is a story of a u.s. whose encounter with indians leads him to question his allegiance to his own culture. (rudy wurlizter) the whole myth of the west is that you can go out to some place and you can invent yourself. the western hero represented somebody who took advantage of this chance and could make something of it. and that could reinvent his life. so that he could go out and become a hero, not from what he was, but something totally different something totally new. (narrator) kevin costner's character emerges as a hero, but in a most unconventional situation. the audience cheers the indians as they defeat the cavalry. (lindsay anderson) the western hero symbolizes the man of honor, the good man, the man of action. and that rule is something that will be eternal in people, wherever they are. whether in america, or in the rest of the world. the kind of western hero i'd devise, dog one today, is probably very much along traditional lines. i'd try something different in the scenario, thoh, a different ap

(movie narrator) a terror-stricken town left him to face 4 killers, alone.he western requires a thing, call it, "the reluctant hero." people don't like men who tell you how good they are. whereas if you are a brave man that says, "i'm not brave. i'd rather not do this, it's just that i'm stuck. and i certainly prefer not to get into this, but i'm going to have to do it. but i'm not a hero." the audience will say, "oh, yes, you're a hero." he was thrust into a situation he could have walked out of and he didn't. that's being a hero. don't try to be a hero, you don't have to be a hero. i'm not trying to be a hero. if you think i like this, you're crazy. look, amy, this is my town, i've got friends here. i'll swear in a bunch of special deputies and with a posse behind me, maybe there won't be trouble. (clint eastwood) he was calling on his community to come to his aid. and he was trying to arm the community to defend itself. and the community didn't want any part of it. they were letting him stand alone, figuring after all, it was -- he was the one the villain

(narrator) but real power was not the studio bosses to give.ollywood was merely the place where the movies were made. these corporations were actually run from new york, where less glamorous presidents dictated the movie budgets, studio policy, film distribution, publicity. it was east coast president, barney balaban, who ran all corporate affairs for paramount from the mid-30s, by which time the company was already a vast multinational with nearly 200 listed subsidiaries. the story with barney balaban evidently is he was encouraged by his mother to get into the business because she was quite impressed by a business in which people paid cash, before they made the product. so when she saw these nickels and dimes and quarters crossing the transit and said, "it's a good business to be in. i like this business." (announcer) in the lobby, more and still more crowds. (douglas gomery) in an era when business people were just wingg it, he hired a statistician from columbia university it was the statistician's job to get figures reported out from all th

(movie narrator) a terror-stricken town left him to face 4 killers, alone.he western requires a thing, call it, "the reluctant hero." people don't like men who tell you how good they are. whereas if you are a brave man that says, "i'm not brave. i'd rather not do this, it's just that i'm stuck. and i certainly prefer not to get into this, but i'm going to have to do it. but i'm not a hero." the audience will say, "oh, yes, you're a hero." he was thrust into a situation he could have walked out of and he didn't. that's being a hero. don't try to be a hero, you don't have to be a hero. i'm not trying to be a hero. if you think i like this, you're crazy. look, amy, this is my town, i've got friends here. i'll swear in a bunch of special deputies and with a posse behind me, maybe there won't be trouble. (clint eastwood) he was calling on his community to come to his aid. and he was trying to arm the community to defend itself. and the community didn't want any part of it. they were letting him stand alone, figuring after all, it was -- he was the one the villain

♪ (narrator) boy meets girl... boy loses girl. love conquers all.meless story. ♪ why does the rain ♪ fall from up above? ♪ why do fools ♪ fall in love? ♪ why do they ♪ fall in love? (narrator) from the screwballs of the 30's to the smash hits of tay what makes romantic comeds great is not their visual style or historic setting, but what they reveal about each era's battle of the sexes. the myth of romantic comedy is you will find the one for you. out there is a person for you. everybody will find the person they fit with. i think that's why movies are made. to tell people, and give them hope. i don't believe that love goes on forever, that there's one person for anybody, i don't believe that weddings should end a woman's life, i don't even think bride gowns look that attractive. i don't believe any of that. i don't believe in marriage, i don't believe in eternal love i don't believe in any of the stuff that is probably the ending of all of my movies. as the relationships between men and women have gotten more complicated, and in some ways more strai

♪ (narrator) boy meets girl... boy loses girl. love conquers all.meless story. ♪ why does the rain ♪ fall from up above? ♪ why do fools ♪ fall in love? ♪ why do they ♪ fall in love? ♪ (narrator) from the screwballs of the 30's to the smash hits of today what makes rontic comedies great is not their visual style or historic setting, but what they reveal about each era's battle of the sexes. the myth of romaic comedy is you will find the one for you. out there is a person for you. everybody will find the person they fit with. i think that's why movies are made. to tell people, and give them hope. i don't believe that love goes on forever, that there's one person for anybody, i don't believe that weddings should end a woman's life, i don't even think bride gowns look that attractive. i don't believe any of that. i don't believe in marriage, i don't believe in eternal love i don't believe in any of the stuff that is probably the ending of all of my movies. as the relationships between men and women have gotten more complicated, and in some ways more str

(narrator) yet even coupling may not be the ultimate achievement it might seem to be. have to do even more than this, if it's to transcend its mortality. ♪ please tell me why ♪ tell my why ♪ why do fools ♪ fall in love? ♪ annenberg media ♪ and: th additional funding from these foundatioand in: and by: and the annual financial support of: for information about this and other annenberg media programs call 1-800-learner and visit us at www.learner.org.

(narrator) a melody is a succession of pitches.can be composed like the melody of a song, or it can be improvised like a solo in a jazz performance. rhythm refers to the time element in music such as the steady pulse of australian aboriginal clapsticks. rhythm can also be free without a regular beat like the solo shakuhachi music of japan. [resonating, airy pitches] timbre is the tone color of a musical sound. the same pitch sounds different when it is played on different instruments. this is because each instrument has its own unique timbre. harmony refers the simultaneous sounding of two or more notes. [ensemble playing early music] composers of western classical music have developed a detailed harmonic system rooted in the musical practices of medieval europe. texture is the way all of these elements are combined into a musical fabric. textures can be complex, like the overlapping rhythms of a west african drumming ensemble... or as simple as the sound of a single human voice. we can analyze and compare different musics by looki