tara narula is here to help us out. >> hi, john. good morning. happy spring. >> happy spring maybe.ful, and why? >> the misery you're feeling and it seems to keep increasing every year. you're not imagining that. the climate and the weather has an impact on the start, the duration and intensity of allergy season. with global warming, last year was one of the hottest on record and increased carbon dioxide emissions. thus all fuels the growth of plants which means more pollen, earlier pollen and pollen that stays around longer. in 2000, about 8,000 pollen grains per meter cubed. in 2040 it's projected to be around 20,000. >> wow. >> so explain to those physiologically what happens. the pollen causes and effects these allergies. >> essentially it's a mix of the environment and your exposure and genetics. we're constantly scanning the environment for threats. in people predisposed to allergies, it makes them pick up on pollen as an allergen, as some sort of intruder. you sound the alarm and mount an attack. you generate antibodies but that then bind to certain cells that release these m