witnesses tell al jazeera they bombed a cement factory killing and injured dozens of workers. they have been fighting for control since 2004. natasha, al jazeera. >> two teenagers were arrested in spain today, accused of trying to join isil, the arrests will remain just seven miles north of barcelona. police say they were leaving today traveling from turkey, and then on to syria. a brother of one of the teenagers was killed last year, fighting with isil. the united nations has launched an appeal to raise more than $8 billion to help syrian refugees and their host countries. what does it mean for the syrians displaced by the fighting in stephanie decker reports. >> with this conference means is that syria's war is nowhere near over. and that millions of syrians remain depend on handouts. it is a call for donors to dig deep. >> under the weight of the syrian crisis. nearly half of the countries men, women and children have been forced to flee their homes. >> over 1 million refugees have come here, and while money is being pledged what does it mean for those that need it. >> the u.n. used to provide 30-dollar as month for each family

natasha al jazeera. >> aid agencies are praising the resilience in the face of cyclone pam. survivors have been able to rely on food and water that was buried under ground as the fierce wind hit. 11 people were killed but a fear spiked in the number of dead as the more remote ien las was reached hasn't materialized. a. drew thomas now reports. >> he was in japan on a ton presence for preparing for disaster when disaster hit his onion. the climate change is now back taking to the sky to independent the damage. first up is the islands the australian government is checking on australians in the area. the minister has hitch add ride. >> strike the philippines or we haven't got the report from the islands since the ultimate town at this time. so water was led damaging than wind. even so, the low number of confirmed deaths. has been remarkable. on a whistle stop tour, two hours on the ground to find out which preparations helped and what can be done better in the future. people know next time can be difference and next time could be soon. they are sure climate change is at least i

natasha al jazeera. >> here is what the saudi military spokesman had to say about the civilian casualtiesthe militias as i mentioned are under pressure, they are trying to enter cities and the battle inside the cities so there will p civilian casualties. the united nations has condemned the air strike on the campus a violation of international law. we have not identified who is responsible for this attack. whoever is responsible this a violation of international humanitarian and human rights law. so whichever forces are hitting them in are in violation of the law there should be accountable for that, and ultimately they always such attacks attacks have to crease. >> much more to come, including security forces reach the city of tikrit in the push to retake the city from isil. delegates pledge $2 billion to ease the crisis, but the u.n. warns more is needed to stop the humanitarian catastrophe. and in sport, it is a busy day across the globing all the details coming up. >> just a few hours remain before a deadline to reach a deal. the french foreign minister has just said that while talks

natasha guinane, al jazeera. >>> the u.s. withdrawal from an air base comes after 20 yemeni soldiers were killed in the same province on saturday. u.s. military personnel had been training yemeni fighters. against quap aqap, a to attack a u.s. bound plane. he had a bomb hidden in his underwear which failed to detonate. weapons training in yemen and during their stay there in july 2011 they met anwar alalaki martin riordan is senior vice president of the soufan group. he joins us here in doha. marty, that the u.s. pulled out special force he from yemen they might nt have not have known the u.s. had special forces in yemen. >> this makes all the sense in the world limited number of troops there specifically to take on the war or the fight against al qaeda in the arabian peninsula. they don't want those forces being caught in what may become a full blown civil war. >> because the axes of conflict are multiplying day by day. >> almost by the hour. >> the number of participants was getting too great. >> exactly. and this does not

natasha guinane, al jazeera . >> leaked recordings have allegedly revealed how egypt's army preparations for a meeting between the former british prime minister tony blair and abdel fattah al-sisi the then commander in chief of the egyptian army. and another an aid is heard talking to another official about using money from the united arab emirates to bankroll the tamarod movement which led the campaign against morsi which ended in a coup in 2013. >>> it is the oldest profession in the world and in south africa one of the most risky. 60% of sex workers on south africa's streets are hiv positive and as tanya page reports, they are demanding a law to make their jobs safer. >> as sex workers services cost about $2.50 but some men pay more so they don't have to wear a condom. 60% of south africa's sex workers are hiv positive but many don't get help because their trade is illegal. so some human rights workers want sex work decriminalized. they argue the law isn't in tune with reality. the government encourages condom use but some police use them as proof of criminality and brings their use t

>> reporter: with talks on hold and the houthis, natasha gname, al jazeera. >> iona craig based in the country's capital for four years, it looks as though the security situation has deteriorated further. we had those attacks on friday. now, the u.s. withdrawing their military people. what will do you make of what's going on at the moment? >> it now seems to be spreading closer and closer to aden. but the houthis and supporters seem to be mobilizing further towards the old border that was there before 1990. so you have seen fighting that appears to be a presence of houthis and on the border with the old north/south board boarder. so in the meantime in the speech today, did anything it? >> surprising by what you referred to that spread to it? >> yes. i think it's very different because we have been trying for the malitias to support him. you are looking at the issue of the success and last night and today, they were fighting and so more elements in this conflict. >> how significant is the presence of isil? because they claimed responsibility for those attacks on friday but it's not clea

natasha ghoneim, al jazeera. >>> the international coalition fighting boko haram has driven the armed of a town in northeast of nigeria. the army says the border town was retaken over the weekend. 228 boko haram fighters were reportedly killed during that operation. >>> two men have been arrested in thailand for alleged involvement in an ivory gang. they are accused of trading and smuggling the ivory through thailand's southern border. it is the biggest bust in recent years. >>> people working for aid agencies in vanuatu are praising the resilience of the people affected by cyclone pam. 11 people were killed but a feared spike in the number dead hasn't surfaced thankfully. >> reporter: he was in japan at a conference on preparing for disasters when disaster hit his own country. he is now back taking to the sky to inspect the damage. first stop is this island. the australian government has flown in a team to check on australians in the area the minister has hitched a ride. >> it's similar to the one that strike the philippines, but we haven't got the report from the island since all co

natasha ghoneim, al jazeera. >>> supermarkets in venezuela will introducing sweeping new measures too combat food shortages. virginia lopez reports. >> reporter: private supermarkets have introduced a new system to try to curb food shortages and also the hour-long queues affecting the country. the idea is that venezuelans can limit their shopping to just one day according to their id. so for example, on a monday people who's id ends with a one or two, would be allowed to buy the items that have gone scarce. they are also planning to introduce fingerprint scanners. the idea is to stop what has become a rampant contraband problem with people shipping out close to 40% of what the country imports across the borders to brazil and columbia and even to the caribbean. people who's id ends in two and three have hit the jackpot. they have come to the supermarket to discover there are two of the items that have gone missing from most shelves, soap and fabric softener. >>> cage fighting is known for its violence and draws millions of fans around the world. it's also attracting a growing number o

natasha gange al jazeera. >> warplanes reportedly attacked the last functioning airport in the capitol's controlled by a rival government based in tripoli. fighting has killed hundreds of people this year. >> the family is in morning mourning. they lost two of their sons. abdul wahab was killed in july. and abdul aziz, a doctor was killed in december. he was triting the wounded when it was shelled. >> the shelling and. >> the family blames this man former general haftar the appointed army commander of the government of tibruk. his operation known as "dignity" started in may of last year. [ explosion ] his men have taken large swaths of territory and he said's going after fighters in the region linked to isil. his rivals in tripoli are also accused of bombing installations in the east. the anapa family is also torn between sadness and pride. >> abdul wahab was fighting a war. i expected him to be a martyr, but not abdul aziz. he was treating patients. he was not involved in the fighting. >> it's not difficult to find victim of the violence here. this exhibition documents hundreds of fac

natasha gname, al jazeera. >> a new state of avalanches have hit the northeast of afghanistan, rescue teams have managed a delivery to some of the more remote villages affordable by the snow including a province where nearly 200 were killed. supporters. it is a difficult time for christina kirsner. >> let's go live: ler last speech of the country: radiant very carefree, not hinting at all at the problems that she and her government. it has been going well until someone in a couple of opposition deposit at this held up signs. iran. she got very-- the country's intelligence service is trying to cover it up. she went to great lengths to try to emphasize what she considered to be her government's standing achievements. most presidents do do that during their state of the nation addresses. she made no illusion whatsoever to the charges of corruption against her, members of her family her business partners or her vice president who has been indicted what's the significance so so many outside the speech? >> there was an e no, ma'amous march here in boundasaires, more than 400,000 people came

natasha gname, al jazeera. >> the former advisor to the last three indian ministers joins me now.nk you for coming in. sir, if the houthis were able to take taiz so easily are they close to moving on to aden? >> no. it would be a different game completely but it's worrying. they have bridged the former line between north and south yemen. it looks like it would be moved easily but we are not surprised because of the coordination, complete coordination between the remains of the army which is controlled by the former dictator and the houthis while the malitian have been given at a time addresses of the army. the stability in the city is threatened as well in taiz, itself. it's a very big sort of turning point now arrested it's quite worrying because this might take us down a sliding steep slope towards confrontation and who knows? knows? civil war and the disilitigration of yemen. >> that's the plan of the former president and the dictator and houthi, to control the looks. i don't think they will be moving south. they want to get the old north yemen into their hands and pushing and

natasha ganames al jazeera. >>> and nepal's only international airport in kathmandu is expected to reopen being closed for two days. thousands of travelers have been stranded when a turkish airlines plane lost control while landing and blocked the runway. >>> a vigil has been held in malaysia marking the first anniversary of the diappearance of malaysian airlines. the plane flying to beijing with 239 people went missing soon after takeoff from kuala kuala lumpur. a massive search has turned up no cash debris or victims. >>> a heated debate over the crisis in ukraine continued on friday. the russian and ukrainian ambassadorred to the u.n. clashed over the implementation of the 3-week-old cease-fire. >> illegal russian armed groups are going after checkpoints and residents. militants have overtaken over 750 attacks. >> according to data we have these days some 300 military personnel from the united states have arrived and they will train ukrainian soldiers in the use of foreign equipment. everyone knows wherever american military appear, expect bad things to happen. >> from the seriously il

natasha gname, al jazeera. >> houthi leader has viewed to pursue isil fighters who claimed responsibilityor the sanaa suicide attacks. he said yemen was dessending into libya-style strife and he mobilized forces against isil and al-qaeda. >> they have crossed the red lines, violated everything everyone has targeted. these groups feel no shame killing children or editorial, even killing people in hospitals and mosques. this level of crime aims at hugh milating the great many people into surrender. >> that's something we will not allow the u.n. execute crisis has obtained a draft statement expected to be discussed that says the young execute counsel con tan demz the recently deadly houthi attack. it adds they are undermining the political transition in yemen and threatening securitity and sovereignty and den ounces the withdrawal from government offices especially in sanaa. more from gabriel elazondo. clearly an escalating situation in yemen right now gabe reyell. what more can we expect. >> the u.n. officials are meeting in the execute council chambers right now. the meeting is expected to

natasha with al jazeera. >>> brazil's president announced a series of new measures to track down on corruptionouncement came on the same day that new polls show ruso's popularity is following and adam reports. >> reporter: responding to a wave of anti-government protests brazilian president yousif announced a series of anticorruption measures on wednesday, if passed the measures would bar those with a criminal record from running from office and slush funds for campaigns and allow of seizure of assets for those guilty of corruption. >> translator: we have to open our eyes wide and say the time of brazil to put an end to the process and crimes and practices that continue to corrode our insides, the time is now. >> reporter: the announcement comes on the same day that new polls showed yousif popularly falling to a new low and according to a poll 62% of respondents said the government was bad or terrible that is the worst rankings for a president since 1992 when president was impeached for corruption. also on wednesday there were fresh protests against yousif in several cities. >> translator: man

natasha guinane, al jazeera. >> north korea has warned of, quote, merciless strikes against its enemies. two short range missiles flew for about 500 kilometers before entering the ocean. there seems to be protests of joint military drills, against south korea and the u.s. which begin on monday. >> reporter: when two countries ever are still technically at war any show of force makes everyone nervous. joint drills, every year north korea responds. this time it fired two short range missiles before the south korean drills even began. >> translator: this is a deliberate provocation seen as an armed protest. we are ready to respond immediately. if it takes provocative action, our government will respond so north korea will respond bitterly. >> their part of a south korean organization campaigning for both koreas to be reunited as one country. >> translator: we are against all military action taken place in the korean peninsula. if the exercise north korea continues and north korea retaliates a state of war similar to what happened in 2003 will again be a reality. >> but we've heard all of t

natasha guinane, al jazeera. >> russia says it must take steps to prevent its citizens to join i.s.i.l. some are fighting with i.s.i.l. in syria and iraq. they say i.s.i.l. poses a very serious threat to the region. at least five people who returned from fighting were killed in security sweeps last year. >>> nigeria claims a major victory against boko haram. officials say the army had taken the north eastern town of gor-za. the military released these pictures of the conflict. analysts say even if boko haram was forced out the group still has the ability to stage attacks attacks. >>> nigerians go to the polls tomorrow for presidential elections. >> and one issue facing voters, coming up we'll look at the major issues of concern for the biggest economy. >>> and turkey greatly expands the duties of the police and that concerns citizens. >> in our off the radar segment flit, we're going to focus on strict security issues in turkey. >> the government says new police are needed, newly empowered police will abuse their authority. bernard smith reports from istanbul. >> this police officer wa

natasha ghoneim, al jazeera. >>> a court in myanmar has sentenced two journalists to two months in prisonefamation. they were charged in february last year. their newspaper published remarks named by an unnamed politician that military representatives in myanmar's parliament had a low level of education. they say they are being targeted as a campaign of intimidation. >>> two australians convicted of drug trafficking in indonesia will not be executed this month. lawyers for the two men are asking the president to reconsider their application for clemency. they were arrested as part of the bali nine group. they are due to be executed by a firing squad. >>> international coalition fighting boko haram has drivened the group out of a town in northeastern nigeria. 228 boko haram fighters were reportedly killed during the operation. >> reporter: if these reports about major towns being recaptured from boko haram by the military are accurate, it could mean the beginning of the end of the boko haram insurgency according to the military over the last four weeks various towns have been recaptured to

natasha gname, al jazeera. >> in a life televised appealed the leader vowed to pursue those behind the mosque attacks f houthi says he mobilized fighters against isil which claimed the attacks and al-qaeda accusing them of being part of an umbrella of tierrney trying to gain control of yemen. >> they have crossed all of the red lines. they have violated everything. everyone is targeted. these groups feel know shame killing children or the elderly, even killing people in hospitals and mosques. this level of crime aims to hugh mil wait people into sur rend. >>. an urgent meeting on the crisis in the next hour. al jazeera has obtained a draft statement expected to be discussed. it says the counsel condemns the recent deadly houthi attacks. it adds they are undermining the position in yemen and threatening the security stability and sovereignty and den ounces the houthis refusal refusal to withdraw from government offices in, especially in the capital, sanaa. talk us through what's likely to happen with this meeting. >> reporter: that draft resolution that you just mentioned a few seconds

natasha gname, al jazeera. >> voters elected a new government. votes are being counted.he election pits thomas tobani against his deputy. the election was held two years ahead of schedule after last summer's political cries when he fled the country after what he claimed was an attempted coup. robert mugabe zim zim's president sell braid his 91st birthday. he threw a million dollars party the opposition called obscene. he has led zimbabwe since 1980. the u.s. and european union have imposed sanctions for human rights abuses and violations of democracy. zimbabwe was once considered the bread basket of africa now the economy is in ruins. it's a deep freeze causing problems in america. ice and snow are blamed for the collapse of a roof on a skating rink in canton massachusetts, this morning. a youth hockey team inside escaped injuries. the crash happened at 7 in the morning. the fire chief said if it happened two hours later, more than 200 people would have been inside that building. >> a storm in dallas turned a short one hour flight to oklahoma city inp into a 10-hour or d

natasha ghoneim, al jazeera. >>> it's united nations international day of happiness, an annual eventon people to recognize that increasing happiness is as important as increasing financial progress. people have been gathering in public spaces in local communities to connect with others from all walks of life. for more on this campaign i'm dined by a psychologist who specializes in the study of personality and behavior. does this idea of international day of happiness make sense? >> it's an interesting concept. i think it's a nice timely reminder of what makes us happy, and whether we are happy in our lives, and how do we define happiness? do we mean contemptment? temporary pleasurable feelings? but it is good to stop and think, am i happy? am i bringing happiness to other people in my life. >> there are fundamentals that you need in place in order to be happy? >> i think you need to understand human nature. i'm not sure we're meant to be happy all the time. the continual struggle to survive and survival of the fittest if you would like i think we're all striving and struggling, and t

natasha ghoneim, al jazeera. >>> turkey's parliament has passed a new law after a 16-hour debate thatall night. it's a stripped down version of the country's home langdzland security bill. but critics fear it gives the police sweeping powers. from istanbul bernard smith reports. >> reporter: this police officer was suspended after he screamed at a colleague to spray tear gas at protesters. in another incident four police officers were jailed for up to ten years for beating up this protester. critics say they are examples of a culture of police heavy handedness. the government says it proves abuses of power are punished. the victim of the beating was a 19-year-old. he fell into a coma and died month later in july 2013. >> translator: the date i heard the sentence read at the court, i felt the same pain as the same day i lost him. we were extremely disappointed. we thought that even a tiny be it of conscious existed, but there was not one. >> reporter: the government says it was prompted to give police enhanced powers following riots in kurdish parts of the country last october when mor

al jazeera journalists has been adjourned until next wednesday. they are charged with aiding the outlawed muslim brotherhood. charges they deny as does al jazeera. natashaim has the details. >> reporter: three men who wrote a report and provided video for the prosecution took the stand in cairo. one after the other, the men said they either didn't see the videos, write the report or remember what they wrote. an appeals court has already ruled there wasn't enough evidence to convict the two last year. they are accused of aiding the banned muslim brotherhood. mohammed and fahmy, along with their colleague, peter greste spent more than 400 days in jail. last month greste was deported to his native australia, and a judge released mohammed and fahmy on bail. now the two must check in with the police every day. despite living under the cloud of uncertainty. mow maw head recently said he feels fortunate. >> i wait and see, but i'm happy i will return back -- i'm happy that i'm going back to my family. >> reporter: given the unpredictable path the men have been on they can only remain hopeful that will eventually be able to clear their names. >>> an internation

natasha gname, al jazeera. >> we welcome to the news hour mohammed kabasa the former ambassador to lebanon. dr. kobati thank you very much for coming. you don't believe this money has been promised or given by iran. let's assume that you are right in this case. why would the houthis say? >> i think the houthis have been in -- i think it's a far-fetched reach for them to see this amount of money coming for this because this will before their, you know publicity and good reputation. but i think they will only be pushing weapons. >> this is the point you want to make. >> yes. >> you think there is already a steady stream, a large amount of weaponry going toward sanaa. >> yes, we are going to have like 14, you know, trips every week with this iranian airline which is very well known that it is just shipping armaments across the country from everywhere. >> are the houthis, were they under powers when they took over sanaa? were you able to do it with little repry? if they have more weapons? >> no. i think they are preparing for the coming, you know events which they are building up for. but they

natasha gname, al jazeera. egypt has carried out its first execution linked to riot did in 2013.e make sured ramadan, who was convicted of murder was hanged for an incident where two people were thrown from a building. it took place during protests against the overthrow of the mohamed morsi. last month, egypt's high court upheld the death sentence. >>> authorities in hong kong are preparing for another day of clashes between local protesters and visitors from mainland china. local groups are increasingly angry at cross border traders buying up vast stocks of everything from baby milk powder to detergevent. rob mcbride has more from hong kong. >> reporter: it is becoming a regular weekend occurrence always rowdy and increasingly violent. protests by hong kong groups against mainland chinese traders with the police trying to keep parallel traders. >> hong kong people would reject violence a survey by one of the main political parties has found 70% are in favor of measures to control visitor numbers. >> there is no measures taken, i guess the situation will go even worse. you can se

al jazeera journalists detained in egypt has been postponed. they are accused of aiding the outlawed muslim brotherhood. charges they and al jazeera deny. natashaas the latest from the journalist's retrial. >> reporter: the evidence mes baher mohamed and mohammed fahmy seems to rest on a report that includes videos. it's supposed to prove that the journalists harmed egypt's security. but the members who issued the report testified they either didn't see the video, write the report or remember what they wrote. so a new committee was sworn in to look at the evidence. >> the members now say that we didn't say that. >> reporter: earlier this year an appeals court ruled there wasn't enough evidence to convict the journalists of agd the banned muslim brotherhood. mohammed and baher mohamed along with peter greste spent more than 400 days in jail. last month greste was deported to australia, and mohammed fahmy, and baher mohamed were released on bail. the prosecution's witnesses actually helped their case. >> today i think it was a success. they all said they were not responsible for -- they didn't write the statements. >> reporter: both men might be

bisi onile-ere, al jazeera detroit. >> natasha alexenko, president of a coalition working to reduce rape kits, the survivor of sexual assault herself. we talked about the money aspect but let me ask you before we get to the money how extensive is this untested rape kits? we listed a couple of cities but is it everywhere in america? >> i definitely believe it is everywhere in america. i certainly think that at this point in time, we are really calling various municipalities to task to find out what those numbers are. >> there's no requirement for them to report untested rape kits? >> absolutely there is no requirement. in fact at present i'm working with other groups that getting each state to come up with some sort of legislation that will allow for the accounting of kits in every state. and thus far 20 states have this legislation starting or about to pass. >> so vice president biden talked about $41 billion to clear the existing backlog is that enough? >> i think certainly money is an issue but it's going to take more than that. there are municipalities that do not want to talk about t

al jazeera deny. after several weeks of delays witnesses for the prosecution took the stand in a hearing last week. natasha has the latest in the journalist's retrial. >> reporter: the evidence against baher mohamed and mohammed fahmy seems to rest on a report that includes videos. it's supposed to prove the al jazeera journalists harmed egypt's national security. but the members of a committee who issued that report testified they either didn't see the videos, write the report or remember what they wroted. so a new committee was sworn in to review the evidence. earlier this year an appeals court ruled there wasn't enough evidence to conflict the journalists of aiding the banned muslim brotherhood. mohammed and fahmy, along with their colleague, peter greste spent more than 400 days in jail. legal experts have called the charges against them baseless. [ cheers ] >> reporter: last month, gresta was dpoerted to his native australia, and a judge released mohammed and fahmy on bail. mohammed said last week the prosecution's witnesses actually helped their case. >> they all said they were not responsible for, o

. >>> coalition military forces in iraq have told al jazeera they are ready to launch a ground offensive in the northern city of tikrit. natasha ghoneim reports. >> reporter: the sky over tikrit has been full of smoke since the u.s.-lead air strikes began on wednesday. bombs have hit isil facilities, check points bridges, staging areas, and fighting positions. >> translator: their fighting capabilities have been badly hit, and our troops are prepared to launch the ground operation to liberate the city at the lowest possible loss. >> reporter: iraq initially reached out to iran for assistance in reclaiming tikrit. iraq has been working with iran to push isil out of the city. but when the mission seemed to stall, iraqi forces turned to the u.s. for help. the u.s. air strikes have also generated a battle of words. iranian-lead groups had been fighting alongside the iraqi military. the u.s. says it agreed to assist only if those shiite groups left. but iran says it refused to work with the u.s. and boycotted its mission in tikrit. now thousands of the shiite groups have left. the concern is the remaining solders will be no match f

natasha gname, argues. >> time for a short break when we come back here on al jazeera. cute but not cute enough. some people in china don't want a second child even though the one-child policy has been relaxed. the graffiti artist on the latest mark that divide gaza from the rest of the world. in sport, we will tell you about a big setback for manchester city. more on that. stay with us. >> tonight, the parents of captured american reporter austin tice. >> austin went missing in syria. >> campaigning for his release and maintaining hope. >> austin tice is alive. >> find him and get him home. >> a special "talk to al jazeera". tonight, 5:30 eastern. only on al jazeera america. >>> welcome back. a reminder the top stories, arriving in the city of samaraa to oversee the military operation against is isil on saturday, the group's target struck targets did he have. ♪net is going to the u.s. to deliver a controversial plan, splen planning to speak out with a deal being negotiated with other world powers. thousands of protesters in russia's capital have marched in memory of boris nemtsov, a critic of t

al jazeera. >> yemen's defense ministered evening aped from houthi fighters who had him under house arrest. make make sured followed yemeni president who also fled to aiden last month. natasha gname reports. >> reporter: this is the yemeni defense minister arriving in the southern port city of aden after esc saming from a capitol under the dark of night. his r i have a ls, the houthis were on his trail looking his house after discovering he was already gone. them ambushing the defense minister's security guards who were following behind him and injuring two. what happens next for major general mac mood al sabadi and his ally is unclear. aden is now the center of operations for president hadi who was also forced to flee the capital sanaa last month after the houthis put him under house arrest. the capitol is now under control of the houthis. they are attempting to run the country in place of the elected government. as many yemenis are outraged on saturday thousands of people protested in the city of ib south of the capitol. they shouted slogans blasting the armed shiite group. in the absence of a central government, yemen has become a dangerous place. there are concerns the