this may look like the national mall, but it's actually a national park. and i'm in d.c.o meet the person in charge of it all. america's highest ranking park ranger, national park service director jonathan jarvis. this is a great place to meet somebody. >> in the shade, one of the iconic symbols of all of washington, d.c. a little bit of the insider baseball. and the national park service. >> i'm excited to be here. thank you. >> what do most not know about the washington monument? >> the most interesting thing about the structure, besides its history and the fact you ran out of money and had to rebuild it, not rebuild it but add on, sat for a long time. it is that it is, there's no metal infrastructure that holds it together. it's just a big gravity held together stack of rock. >> that's amazing. >> nice shot of the jefferson. it's where i started in 1976. and then tucked in the trees here on the right is the fdr memorial. it's a really beautiful memorial. it's really one of my favorites. great shot of the white house, the ellipse. and a little known fact. white house is

with the nation -- what the nation most needed was sorely lacked. soon gave way to malice as reconstruction faltered in the war's aftermath. after his second and operation he said his address would wear as well as anything i have produced, but i believe it is not immediately popular. men are not flattered by being shown there is a difference of purpose between the almighty and them. to deny it in this case is to deny that there is a god governing the world. this difference of purpose between god and man and its connection to the death of slavery and survival of american self-government stands as the centerpiece of the second inaugural address, making it the most profound political statement in american history. thank you. [applause] >> thank you very much. abraham lincoln's second inauguration took place on saturday, march 4 1865 under clearing skies following two days of heavy rain. the occasion began inside the capital with the traditional ceremonies in the senate where new senators were sworn in. outgoing vice president hannibal hamlin gave his f

its national parks, national forests, national wildlife refuges that they do most of it by executive order. the congress stops them eventually near the end. just before they stop them roosevelt and pinchot set aside another 16 million acres. they have these rangers bring in the maps. roosevelt describes if you put in the upper flathead valley? i remember being up there once and seeing this magnificent herd of elk. let's include. they are drawing the boundaries all over the west and creating -- these are why these original forest rangers were called arrangers, they were in on creation. they are drawing the boundaries that they were out of jail and given these huge magnificent forest for them to take over. so they create these national forests. but there is pushback that there is tons of pushback. women become this is the end of the gilded age. you have never in our history have had a bigger gap between rich and poor until just a few years ago during the wall street peak. but you have rockefellers, guggenheim's, j.p. morgan, who hated roosevelt. morgan said, when roosevelt left office

our nation serves a lot - dignity. and here i would like to repeat the same paragraph - the future of this nation is hinged upon the resolutions we hand down. we are required to do a lot at this critical crossroads as the aspirations of prosperity is getting higher and it is their right and as the challenges are grave, the responsibility is huge and burden some. and we pray to god almighty to enable us to proceed so that we wouldn't become one day a number of states reminiscing their glorious path yet shape the future our nation reserves from us a lot much dignity and pride in a nonner suitable. long live the arab nation and may peace be upon you. [ clapping ] >>> now i hand over the floor, the custodian of the two holy mosques, the king of saudi arabia. [ clapping ] >>> the president of egypt abdul fatah al-sisi, and the incoming president of the arab league speaking on the theme of unprecedented challenges facing the arab world as he put it. now we are hearing from the saudi king at a crucial time of saudi-led operat

first off national park service doesn't really have a mind of its own. it is a collection of people with their own minds. secondly, the president of the united states is my boss. i would be hesitant -- no matter what my opinion was, to enter into that discussion with you in this setting. i would be happy, when i'm off my uniform, offer up my opinion. i hope you will excuse me for that. >> my name is aj douglas. from virginia. i hope you don't mind me doing this. kind of long, but i would like to say that i don't think the civil war was entirely about slavery. why? because throughout history people don't really care about black people that much. i don't need to say that way but for example, the massacre in paris. that same day, 5000 africans were killed by the same organization that we are fighting today. it was on the news. the point i making, the question i am asking is if the veterans won the war economically, how would things change in the country? either way, the union one, the confederacy one, there are still -- if slavery were the object, to get ri

establishing a nation with national boundaries was not easy.here were no clear markers of where those boundaries should be. the center of europe had a mix of peoples. nationalities were so mixed up that you would have a hungarian village next to a german village. how did you draw a reasonable boundary? there is no way of putting all german speakers in a neat little box. nor were there clearly defined historic boundaries. because european history had seen so much, and for so many centuries andries had come and gone, what was the legitimate boundary? they all said, history shows this should be the extent of our nation. human nature being what it is, what they called on was the time their nation had been biggest in the past. the bulgarians looked back to the 14th century, when they had been quite big. they were often claiming the same bits of territory. you can just imagine what the greeks did, or the italians. [laughter] they could go even further back with even more justification. i would argue that it wasn't wilson's fault that a lasting peace

compare and contrast the league of nations and the united nations? a couple of articles and how one developed from the other if that was the case. professor macmillan: the u.n. certainly developed from the league of nations. the league existed until 1945. initially, there was some talk of resurrecting the league and redoing it. they decided it was so much identified with the outbreak of the second world war that it would not be worth doing so they decided to set up a new united nations. many of the league organizations carried over into the united nations. some of the associated bodies of the united nations have a longer history than the united nation itself and many personnel carried over. i suppose the key difference with united nations is the security council has five permanent members with vetoes. that was to reassure the great powers their interests would always be listened to. the problem is they reflect the wrong people. that was one of the key differences. what happened with the league is there would be four permanent members -- five permanen

with the nation -- what the nation most needed was sorely lacked. what began with charity soon gave way to malice as reconstruction faltered in the war's aftermath. after his second and operation he said his address would wear as well as anything i have produced, but i believe it is not immediately popular. men are not flattered by being shown there is a difference of purpose between the almighty and them. to deny it in this case is to deny that there is a god governing the world. this difference of purpose between god and man and its connection to the death of slavery and survival of american self-government stands as the centerpiece of the second inaugural address, making it the most profound political statement in american history. thank you. [applause] >> thank you very much. abraham lincoln's second inauguration took place on saturday, march 4 1865 under clearing skies following two days of heavy rain. the occasion began inside the capital with the traditional ceremonies in the senate where new senators were sworn in. outgoing vice president ha

that is the united nations. south africa said, i like one part of that decision and not the other so i will pay attention to the part i like. we don't have to put this under the trustee ship system. and no the u.n. will not get an annual report here it the u.s. is sitting there thinking, don't make this so hard. we are fighting the cold war. the racism underneath south africa is making it very hard for us to talk to nations emerging out of asia and africa that we are the leader of the free world, when we are in fact tied to a regime of not cease -- nazis. if you would just give a bit on this one, it will make it a lot easier for the work we want to do in waging the cold war. south africa said, here is what we are willing to do. we are not going to send a report to the u.n. we will send a report to our trusted allies, the british, the french, and the americans. those are the only nations that will receive a report. the u.s. is going, that is not going to work. south africa said, stop. that is a major compromise f

now with the new information technologies you can attack in certain ways nations, groups of nations,ustries, vital interests, with cyber, for instance. the strengngth is absolutely outstanding. i would say, some countes are more prepared to use that in a offensive way. in nato, we e defensive in nature so our use is to defend and prototect. perhaps we are nots ready as we should be to address this new hybrid threat, so now we are concentrating on that. not a single nation, not single organizatn caachieve that. so we ve to work more and more totogether as nations first and foforemost. secondly, with organizations including the european union. everyone has a role to play. the military dimension is not the momost important but it is crucial as well. vago: when we spoke during the summit, the number one priority was to reassure natis across the eastern border, from the baltics to the south. talk to us about the capabilities that have been deployed some of the things goinon to reassusure all of those countries on that arc that are concerned about russia's actions. i will speak -- we have

lord, please forgive the since of our nation -- the sins of our nation. exalt at the nation but sin is a reproach to any people. lord please help this congress and their families when each item of legislation is presented, help these men and women to seek your wisdom and perform their duties ethically remembering, always the people they represent and also your principles that have continued to preserve this country. in the name of jesus christ i pray, amen. the speaker pro tempore: the chair has examined the journal of the last day's proceedings and announces to the house his approval thereof. pursuant to clause 1 of rule 1 the journal stands approved. for what purpose does the gentleman from arkansas seek recognition? >> mr. speaker, pursuant to clause 1, rule 1 i question a vote on agreeing to the speaker's approval of the journal. the speaker pro tempore: the question is on agreeing to the speaker's approval of the journal. those in favor say aye. those opposed, no. the ayes have it. the journal stands approved. mr. crawford: mr. speaker, i object to t

and that is that we have done a very poor job in our nation of making a distinction between the nation and the soldiers who fight for it. we have in america, to a degree that in many ways is astonishing allowed the personal motivations , of why soldiers fight to define the national purpose for which they fought. if my grandfather didn't own slaves, the war could not have been about slavery. but you know what? soldiers go to war, choose to enlist and carry a weapon and enter places of danger for a million reasons. to defend their homes. they love their country. they have been asked, told. a million reasons. most of them noble. but nations go to war for a list of reasons far narrower than that. that list also bears very little resemblance to the list of reasons that motivate soldiers. so one of the things we have not done particularly well, is to make the distinction. that distinction. nations go to war for policy and purpose. we understand those generally -- not so much lately -- but generally we understand those pretty well. soldiers go to war for many, many reasons. a couple of years

national park, or the coastal plain of the arctic national wildlife refuge. not only should we -- [applause] thank you. not only should we actively avoid damaging special or sensitive places, but we should permanently protect some areas for their conservation values. future generations of americans deserve to enjoy those incredible places just like we do. we are using this comprehensive landscape level approach for renewable energy too, because all energy development has its consequences. we have to be thoughtful about it. we have mapped out 20 zones across the west where solar potential is high and other conflicts are low. because of the early planning work, cubbies will see faster planning -- companies will see faster planning times. previous projects often took two years to complete. offshore, we are identifying energy areas that will allow the nation to capture the huge potential of wind along the atlantic. it is windy along the atlantic. i have been there. we can do that without compromising fishing recreation, national security, the environment when we

[laughter] truth of the matter is a nation has been right. we were right about lgbt before anybody else or to meet the reverend martin luther king, jr. a regular contributor to the magazine in the early stages of the civil-rights movement and to talk about the fact a 725 an hour is not a page f-15 dollar is closer. we also like to say the congressman is one of there their people to realize when we are right. [laughter] we will go to some of your questions for in the series -- the spirit of c-span and go to the microphone. we would love dash your questions and dash as you work your way step up to the microphone but with a one and other elements, "the nation" in magazine a this point is spending a lot of time on the presidential race and rustling frankly the question is it time we have a woman as president of united states? >> past time. [applause] >> but also whether a particular woman might be the perfect choice. [laughter] >> i think sarah palin would be good. [laughter] would have led just say about that is if elizabeth warren says 5,000 ti

national parks, national wildlife refugees and other public lands. the department also oversees the responsible development of conventional and renewable energy supplies on public lands and waters. it is the largest supplier and manager of water in the 17 western states and it upholds trust responsibilities to the 566 federally recognized american indian tribes and alaska natives. prior to becoming secretary sally jewell served in the private sector. most recently as president and ceo of of rei and she joined rei as chief operating officer in 2000 and was named ceo in 2005. during her tenure regarding i nearly tripled its business revenues to $2 billion was consistently ranked as one of the 100 best companies to work for in "fortune" magazine. secretary jewell also as we know has become a great partner with the national league of cities and our agreement with the department of the interior to further a program to connect kids where she has made her special mission i think as secretary. please join me in giving a very warm welcome to secretary sally j

the same is true for our national memories. we compile it into distinct periods of time with distinct characteristics characterized by ideas or fax -- facts simplicities that become conventional wisdom. more than that, these nuggets of conventional wisdom that run through our history, through our culture, often become over time governed by rigid rules. especially when there are people who have a personal stake in the history that we are talking about. now, what happens to violators of those conventions? those who acknowledge complexities rather than simplicities? or worse, deny the simplicities altogether? what happens to them? they are invariably assaulted in some way -- not physically, of course -- they are labeled unpatriotic. they are labeled unproductive divisive revisionist politically correct. those of the words that we use as -- when somebody violates one of our cherished simplicities. we often react to that as a body does to an infection. we try to contain it and stamp it out, as your bodies does, and render it in her

parts of that make up the pau brazil national park. their the race is on to protect a dwindling natural heritage. check the hoses and other equipment. part director fabio faraco is managing the exercise. the group regularly participates in emergency training in order to be ready if there's ever a real forest fire. the fire brigade is made of a people living in nearby villages, mostly farmers and laborers who work in forrester protection during the hot summer months. we are in the northeast of brazil, in the pau brazil national park. there's a rich variety of nature here, vastly different ecosystems thriving side-by-side. one is the mussununga forest. >> mussununga is a knee -- is a unique habitat here in southern bahia. it's characterized by sandy soils. the ground is very loose and the trees have to adapt to that. the trees aren't that close together. more light enters the forest, as do other plant species, like millions or orchids -- bromel iads or orchids. >> the part director says vanilla can also be found here. its fruit is the pr

we will discuss today some of the goals and some of the strategies of the nation's islam -- nation of islam. i wonder if mr. blake might start off by asking mr. shbaz a question. >> minister malcolm, i the think i thought might be good to starting it off talk about one of most pervasive beliefs in the general society about the nation of islam and that is that it is an organization dedicated to the use of violent means to attain its goals. the question i have is how true is this, and why do you think it persists in society? >> well, the muslims who have accepted the religion of islam and followed the religious guidance of the honorable elijah mohammed have never bombed any churches, have never murdered any little girls, as done was done in birmingham, have never lynched anybody, have never at any time been guilty of initiating any aggressive acts of violence during the entire 33 years or more that the honorable elijah mohammed has been teaching us. the charge of violence against us actually stems from the guilt complex that exists in the conscious and subconscious minds of most white p

the national prez and news media has misled the people of this nation.e today supposed to be defending us from the communist but he today was consorting with known members of the communist party. a member of the young communist league was here. and a man who served 28 months in the federal prison camp for having failed to register for the draft during world war ii and who refused to defend this country, fight for it and also is a convicted sex pervert. the news didn't report that kaul believe was here a moon convicted in the state of kentucky and served a year on contempt of congress because he rerefused to answer the question are you a member or have you been a member of the communist party? we have a group of students here raised money for people shooting down american flyers and taking american lives. are these the sort of people today leading demonstrations for the right and justice. i hope this demonstration is a warning for the people of this country. you are next. the committee that was appointed to submit a petition to me contain people who are s

and our nation's future.ut congress that's their job to find the resources. now, you may hear that policymakers are asking that we're going to tell you, hey you should be grateful for the status quo. it's okay to just get what you get. you should be thankful for that. do you know what you need to say to them? good enough is not good enough. a short-term bill, that's not getting it. we need a long-term surface transportation bill that is essential to operating a strong and a secure public transportation system across this nation. remember that you all in this room, you are the subject matter experts. if we aren't up there saying we need to make these investments who will? don't be shy. don't hold back. let them know we need to make these investments. now, some people will suggest that the moneys that are going to transportation are a diversion of those highway dollars, that we need to get transit out. if we could just get rid of that, stop this diversion, then we could solve the nation's highway problems. don'

the performance of our national anthem and the retiring of the colors. ♪ [national anthem playing] >>adies and gentlemen, please remain standing as a chaplain gives the invitation. >> let us pray -- god of the universe, we give you thanks for the gift of life and for the many blessings that life brings. today, we gather in this hollow temple to human freedom to honor one of arizona's most favorite sons. senator barry goldwater. few american figures have projected such a broad swath of insolence on our nature -- nation's political landscape. his strong and conservative force in his day led it to one of the great landslide losses in electoral history, yet pivotally gave way to the emergence of a new generation of republican leadership that in time ended decades of democrat domination of american politics. regardless of political party, we give you thanks for barry goldwater's example of a long career of public service in the united state senate. as we remember him here, may we all be inspired to consider lives and service to others whatever our gifts and talents. in payless with your sp

let us march on ballot boxes until the wallace is the art nation trouble away in silence. let us march on ballot boxes until we send to our city councils state legislators and the united states congress men who will not fear to do justice love mercy and walk humbly with thy god. much -- let us march on ballot boxes until brotherhood becomes more than a meaningless word in an opening prayer. the order of the day on every legislative agenda. let us march on ballot boxes until all over alabama god's will be able to walk the earth in decency and honor. i know that there is a day of alabama, and receiving numerous editorials weigh in build martin luther king and all the civil right agitators and all the white clergymen and labor leaders and students and others get out of our community and the alabama return to normal. i have a message that i would like to leave with alabama. that is exactly what we don't want and we will not allow it to happen because we know it was normalcy and -- that led to the brutal murder of jimmy lee jackson. it was normalcy in birmingham that led to the

the national press and news media has misled the people of this nation.day about selma and about alabama, this jewish rabbi, he was misled. i wonder, is the news media misleading the american people about vietnam? are they misleading people about things happening in washington? if they are, then of course this is a sad commentary on the affairs in our country. i see where ravel bunch, the united nations man was here today, supposed to be -- ralph bunch, the united nations man was here today con sorting. a member of the young communist league a former member of the young communist league and a man who served 28 months in a federal prison camp for having failed to register for the draft in world war ii and who refused to fight for this country and also as a convict -- is convicted sex pervert. the media didn't report, for instance that a man convicted of se disin the state of kentucky and served a year of contempt of congress was here. let me point out to the american public that we had a group of students here today who raised money and clothing for the ve

[captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] like us on facebook at c-span history. date, more from the international consumer electronics show as we look at new technology products. >> if there something you want to capture, you just take it off your wrist. it will be very simple to take off your wrist and it will expand. it will be as easy as gesturing. it is completely autonomous. there is no remote required. it is smart enough to note the direction you toss it. if it's a gentle toss, it will stay close, if you throw it, it will go farther away. it is completely autonomous. next the communicators, monday at 8:00 eastern on c-span2. >>> up next on american history tv, university of virginia history professors gary gail ger and peter onuf discuss thomas jefferson's views on federalism and the union of the states. they debate jefferson's provocative belief in the separation of races. president lincoln's preservation of the union during the ci

national park. for over a century visionaries like john ilec helps to settle the high plains of colorado described by ian frazier is a heroic place and expansive splendid isolation with unparalleled sense of space and generations of pioneers. this is colorado. from west to east and north to south the beauty heritage and vitality of colorado beckons to the world looking and longing for a place to call home to live and work to visit and vacation. our love for colorado judges to be better stewards of the land to reach for solutions to great challenges and to find optimism and every fail and valley. for generations we have challenged our sons and daughters to always look up look up to that great rocky mt. horizon as every young state and ever hopeful attitude lives peak to peak the honor of living the west and land of opportunity and new beginnings. is this constant drive for better future for our great state a nation that leads me to the floor of the united states senate to speak with the first time wh

national historic site. one of my top priorities is connecting young people to the great outdoors and our rich history and culture. we need to inspire and engage the next generation to be scientists, engineers, and stewards of our nation's most prized assets, particularly as 40% of the department's work force is soon-to-be eligible to retire. this budget proposes over $107 million for interior's youth programs to provide opportunities for our nation's youth to play, learn, serve, and work on public lands. we will accomplish this through cooperative work with youth conservation corpses, schools, organizations like the ymca and enlighten private businesses supporting our efforts. next i want to talk about the administration's continued commitment to strengthening tribal communities. i recently visited arizona to launched native american youth listening tour. to give young people in indian country the opportunity to engage with cabinet members directly about the challenges they face. my recent trip to the arcti

this nation was founded by men of many nations and backgrounds.was founded on the principle that all men are created equal. in 1965 the rights of man were threatened because every man didwe a not have the right to vote.s f and we as a state and a nation essons are t forever change edd for having learned the lessons the bold leaders of 1965 taught us. leaders like dr. martin luther n and king, my good friend congressman lewis, and so many of you who were involved in this movement.as we need more men and women who are not afraid to stand up and work for what they believe in. alabama is a different state today than it was in 1965. and so is our nation. chang we've come a long way since the selma events of that bloody sunday.worl selma changed america. selma changed the world. today we honor the memory the work, and the sacrifice of thoseemely who saw a better vision for our state and our country.about and it is extremely important for younger generations to know the about the sacrifices that were made on this bridge and in the e choo entire civil rig

establishing a nation with national boundaries was not easy. there were no clear markers of where those boundaries should be. the center of europe had a mix of peoples. nationalities were so mixed up that you would have a hungarian village next to a german village. how did you draw a reasonable boundary? there is no way of putting all german speakers in a neat little box. nor were there clearly defined historic boundaries. because european history had seen so much, and for so many centuries boundaries had come and gone, what was the legitimate boundary? they all said, history shows this should be the extent of our nation. human nature being what it is, what they called on was the time their nation had been biggest in the past. the bulgarians looked back to the 14th century, when they had been quite big. they were often claiming the same bits of territory. you can just imagine what the greeks did, or the italians. [laughter] they could go even further back with even more justification. i would argue that it wasn't wilson's fault that a lasting p

is there a place for national security trumping the national amendment, where the leakers should be prosecutedt alone the journalists who report it? >> i don't think the leakers should be prosecuted. we talked about the espionage act. find the leaker, and you are a reporter, and say i leak something to you, i haven't committed espionage, i have just given you information that you are in a position to publicise. if, in fact, me as a leaker, i gave the information in question to the russian government. we have something to act against. generally speaking i'm against prosecution. if you are going to prosecute, don't do eight. the law is not clear. do one, wait another eight years. >> what do you think happens with julian assange? >> what is happening? >> what will happen and what is the impact? >> the deal is he's in ecuadorian embassy. the moment he takes a step outside he'll be picked up by the europe police, and send to sweden more sexual misconduct. and he'll be sent to the united states. he'll be prosecuted not for leaking, but for receiving a leak and being complicit. thor was chelsea manni

all nations sounds better than with the world. for a very small address, there are other things to be seen. also if you look here where he originally said the southern part or the southern half in regards to slavery, that there was slavery in the southern half. half of the nation wasn't the confederacy, because slavery existed in places that were still part of the north as well. it had been in maryland kentucky delaware. he changed it to the southern part. it's a minor difference, but it makes a charm this difference in terms of who he's talking about. people have asked, are there other copies of the second inaugural? i'm only aware of him writing out one paragraph, but people did not know how short of a time he had left. >> headed the library of congress come to own these two copies? >> we know how the manuscript draft came to us, that on the reverse of the fourth page, it is inscribed by lincoln in april 1865 to his secretary, john hey. it was through the hay family, his surviving family, in april of 1916 that the manuscript cam

it also undermines the national security of the arab states. the resolution handled down by the ministerial council of the league of arab states for the fighting terrorism standing up you and counting and uprooting terrorism, noting the study made by the secretary general of the arab -- league of arab state's whereby which was circulated among all the members states. in this respect, i would like to reiterate that certain practical and workable measures must be adopted not only militarily, but also extends to include cultural religious and societal, which breed radical and terrorism in all its forms. consensus and agreement upon these measures will lead the joint arab action to advance and it will also represent a collective arab response towards maintaining the arab national security and standing up to all the threats hovering above us. egypt has made the proposal of certain issues and i hope they will be endorsed. mr. chairman the adoption of new measures workable and practical to address the outcomes of the palestinian cause which remains th

britain this week became the first g-7 nation to show support. but the japanese government is staying cautious. officials say there's a lack of transparency in the new bank's operational framework. >>> well this is the time of year when managers and workers in japan sit down to talk about wages. executives an japan's airlines say business are improving and they want to share the benefits. the airline is offering workers their first increase in monthly base pay in 14 years. managers at jal have proposed the wage increase of 2,000 yen or about $16.50. representatives of the airline's largest union had demanded a 1% increase in base pay in this year's wage negotiations. the offer from management doesn't match that target but union negotiators say they'll accept it. jal filed for bankruptcy in 2010. the airline has been rebuilding itself through measures such as sharp cuts in personnel costs. managers at another japanese carrier all nippon airways have offered their first increase in seven years. it is about $8.25 per month. many japanese companies w

there's very little national attention. the cops office does the best they can but not really thinking about standards, about research, developing leadership. jim proposed as did larry and i a police commission. the closest is an fbi executive session -- academy, that's not the same thing as a way to build the leadership. so universities can make a difference to develop that sort of capability. my second recommendation also won't surprise you having been director of national justice serving under attorney general -- assistant attorney general robinson and attorney general reno, i'm a strong believer in the importance of research and echo what my fellow panelists have said. the matter of research under the '94 was historic but critical. when we think what we could have known had we invested more had there been more money available, if like any other research institute able to invest in the basic understanding of this important relationship between government and citizen. it's really sobering. so of course we should invest mo

national security interests. second, and since the best way to ensure that progress as a political settlement, we will continue to support an afghan led reconciliation process. the president has shown bold leadership in reaching out which is critical to the pursuit of peace. afghanistan in the united states agree on what the taliban must do, to break with al qaeda renounce violence, and abide by afghan laws, including the protections for women and minorities. third, we will continue to support the national unity government in its efforts to truly serve the afghan people. we discussed the urgent need with parliament support to seat a full cabinet. president ghani spoke forcefully about the need to combat corruption, of all the rollerball, and strengthen democratic institutions. the united states commends you for those efforts. you moved many afghans with your eloquent tribute to your wife and partner. america will continue to be your partner in advancing the rights and dignity are all afghans, including women and

jews had dreamed of being a free nation in their own land. a vision articulated by theodore hertzel. the declaration's authors called this dream a greater urgency. the savagery he'd witnessed was an impetus behind the creation of the institution where i represent the u.s., the united nations. i begin my career as a journalist. moved by the harrowing images of prisoners in concentration camps, i traveled to the balkans, where i covered the horrors of a war in which kids were picked off their bicycles by snipers. bosnian-muslim women were raped, and some 8000 unarmed men and boys were murdered. the largest massacre in europe since world war ii. i also saw the citizens of bosnia look to u.n. peacekeepers to protect them. they found rescue only from a u.s.-led coalition that finally intervened to stop the slaughter. [applause] i was chilled by what i saw, and chilled equally by the slowness of the world's response. i did not understand how the world could say we had learned the lessons of the holocaust and never again, only to witness sarajevo an

will they have a national election? has an independent. if they pass the 10 percent by in everyone's going to need kurdish support. so they will be the dealmakers there. the they're. the kurds and syria have established an autonomous entity. it's a reality. it is not going away particularly now that they have shown battlefield prowess. when the assyrian christians were seized in northeastern turkey it was the was the syrian kurds came to the villages. so they are earning a reputation as a responsible actor. they are conducting their affairs in the interest of kurds under their control encouraging region. but we're but we're not going to see an independent kurdistan anytime soon. looking at a three to four your project. hopefully it is not something which will be achieved through the political dialogue. it will be between baghdad. >> let me ask you one more question and invite the audience. giving us the map. what about is bringing stability to the region. all of these moving parts. the kurds should be part of the long road stabilization st

those forces from troop contributing nations are now supplanted by contractors. i think we need to think through the longer-term implications of what that might be well into the future. lastly sean talks about the invisible hand of the marketplace and he addressed it in his comments here. i think that too is something that is worthwhile taking a positive direction. the marketplace will force most contractors who operate in that space to professionalize to provide good services a degree of accountability that they would hope for in order to be competitive to get awarded the contracts to sustain their business. my concern is that the other end of the spectrum the contractors who say i'm not going to invest the money to attain those high standards and a customer who is not willing to pay a high price for the high-end contractors, do they seek out a bargain by contractors who are west west -- less disciplined less well-trained and less accountable and it that end of the spectrum does that create additional challenges for us as we move forward? and some i think sean i

i'm not so sure that the national and the vital interests of all nation states and all those who desire free and desire to get ahead, i'm not sure they aren't the same. and so i think truly we could do something about this. there's no question that the military capability is really the least of our concerns right now. you're quite right when you talk about the political, the economic, the technology all the elements of national power. they've got to be woven together, not just by america but by the international community that we know of today, the united nations and all the others. so we've got a big, big challenge in front of us. we need a new kind of a strategy that's adaptive, that's smart and that's resilient and understands the end state of what we really want to be, free. we want to prosper. in my own country, i remember in 1974, at the army war college when i asked max lerner -- i used to escort everybody around because i was a dumb marine and not smart enough to sit in some of the classes. at any rate, he talked about the national purpose. and i said, what do you think america'

these nations and their leaders play a key role in the effort among arab nations to combat isis and other terrorist organizations. the discussions and meetings with these dignitaries were informative and useful. i believe that continued open dialogue and conversations with these leaders will be incredibly beneficial to maintain and establish our nation's perspective on defense policy. this trip gave me a chance to hear from our service men and women on the ground and other national leaders about real solutions related to stabilizing the region, continued threats to our own national security, the readiness of our armed forces and the tools they need to keep our country safe. serving the fort drum community in congress and as a member of the house armed services committee is an incredible honor. i am beyond thankful to our men and women in uniform and grateful to their families for their service to our community. thank you to you and your loved ones for keeping our nation safe. i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: the gentlewoman's time has expired. the chair recognizes the gentleman from

said -- national bestsellers.had you on to talk about the iran nuclear negotiations. talk about your experience with the start negotiations and the inspections that took lace and how that impacts your thinking now when it comes to an iran nuclear negotiation. cressida's and example of how the background and experience we as members bring to congress to make a difference in impact on how we approach various things. i honestly wish we had more members who served in the military than we do now. as your show indicates this morning, it is one of the great challenges of our day. i was a captain at the time, not a general. my view of this was very small. i was not a negotiator nor the secretary of defense or that level. but i was involved in implementing. implementing the agreement with the former soviet union. we would work with other pilots and the inspectors when they come to our base and other facilities in the united states and it became clear that if somebody wanted to cheat on an agreement, and i made this point o

we were an independent nation not subjugated to a european nation. the orders in council issued by the british as a manner of maritime policy but the rescinding of them was not accompanied by a declaration by england to rescind their right to impress sailors from other ships. in order to cause this, lift this in pressman to american sailors, boarding american merchant ships and even american man-of-war, we offered a statute which was passed in congress that the united states no longer allow any english sailors on american warships. this was to guarantee the british the supposition that gentlemen were deserting the british navy and fighting on american ships. our passing that statute did not seem to cause the british to lift their declaration of rights to impressment. in terms of the nature of the war, it was only inevitable because the british were so intractable and negotiating these issues. they sought to negotiate them several times and we had to come to some conclusion with mr. scott -- erskine. we had to make adjustments on a matter of trade to

[laughter] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015] >> federal offices are closed in washington, d.c. due to today's esnowstorm. snow ranged from five inches in the city to 10 inches in the suburbs. on capitol hill, neighbors staged a social media inspired protest after capitol hill police rejected a plea to lift the ban on sledding. kids and adults brought sleds to the capitol and scooted down the hill. police did not stop them. tonight on c-span, former astronauts including buzz aldridge, testified before the senate on the future of the space program. topics include manned missions to mars, the moon, and nearby asteroids. apollo 11 astronaut buzz aldrin spoke on the need to find practical ways to fund space missions. here's a look at that portion of the hearing. >> why do i have to come up and say it. a combined megs is much better. but maybe that's not essential. i happen to think it is, where you can combine orion with a long support system. that's what we're going to do when we go to l-1 and l-2. we're going

we are starting to speak up more i think. >> the national congress of american indians, the nationalindian education association just go right through them. how many native people they represent, how many people they are. have you been to a national congress of american indians association meeting? you go there and not one person is on the other side of the issue. that's our experience. for those of us to meet and make up these policies, we don't just invent them. we make them up because we all agree on this. >> that is fine. you are entitled to do that. you don't scare me certainly. you haven't heard people talking about sellouts or traders. -- or traitors. that is not productive. >> i am not uneducated or ignorant or needing help. it is like i said, it is such a divisive issue. it is one that i see the most where people are asking each other. >> thanks for coming. >> thank you. >> ignorance by divine, that is all i can say. ignorance by design. [applause] >> this will be our last. we are out of time. >> my name is rated -- my name is brandon. i thought the presentation and the pane

and you don't strengthen a nation by taking away its freedoms. we live in a nation where our freedoms are increasingly vulnerable. from terrorists that are crossing our borders or embedded already in our communities, to the mentally ill who roam our streets. to a criminal class unleashed upon us by those who refuse to protect us. the failure and false heartedness of those in charge of our safety are going to get more and more of us killed. let's face the truth right now. we individually are in charge of our own security. we're in charge of our own family's security. and along with law enforcement, we're in charge of our neighborhoods, our schools, our towns, our cities, wherever we live. over the past 25 years, while dozens of states have restored the right to carry a gun, violent crime has fallen to the lowest level in decades. you don't hear that in the media, do you? nope, you're not going to turn on the evening news and hear that. but too many states refuse to recognize right to carry permits that are issued by other states. and honest, good,

both the national army and security personnel willen tensefy their patrols.h -- joint patrols will also be conducted. >> reporter: the bardo museum will remain closed for several more days. when we reopens, it can expect fewer visitors. tunisia has been held up as the success story of the arab spring and it has been spared much of the violence sweeping the rest of the region so far. now the president has promised to fight mercilessly those behind the attack. the first of the victims is laid to rest the police officer who died guarding the museum. tunisia remains in shock and mourning. it is also aware that it can no longer remain on the sidelines of what has become moan as the war on terror. >>> there's much more ahead on the al jazeera news hour. priceless and precious how a treasure treasure trove of documents is being protected. ♪ >> the stream, >> your digital community >> you pick the hot topics and express your thoughts the stream it's your chance to join the conversation only on al jazeera america ♪ >>> welcome back. you are watching al jazeera. a remi

be they outside our national borders or within. i believe that is what america is. >> that's probably the best hearing i have attended in a long time. they were -- you represent the best of our country. in two hours, we will go fight for it. thank you. the hearing is adjourned. harry reid is calling it a career after five terms in the u.s. senate. he announced today that he will not seek election to a six term. he released a statement that said, i have had time to ponder and to think and got to be more concerned about the country. the senate and the state of nevada than about us. as a result, i'm not going to run for reelection. here's a look at portion of his video announcement where he talks about his plans for the remainder of his term. >> this accident has caused us for the first time to have a little downtime. i have had time to ponder and think we day -- that we have to be more concerned about the country, the senate, the state of nevada and us. as a result of that, i am not going to run for reelection. my friend senator mcco

the united nation is asking both parties to agree on a national strategy. development threatens the peace talks in the moroccan capital. forces loyal to generate khalifa haftar are pushing towards the capital. members told the united nations that if those fighters are not pulling out from the areas, talks would collapse. a delicate situation. the united nations are concerned that in the coming 48 hours, libya will slip to anarchy, a situation that could easily play into the hands of groups affiliated with i.s.i.l., trying to and panned to the east. >> -- to expand to the east >>> a gaoled kurdish rebels is to announce a road to peace. happening against celebrations marking the start of spring. bernard smith has more. >> the gaoled leader of the p.k.k. - he called for them to lay down arms and bring an end to the armed fight with the turkish state. he did it now because there's a need to kick start the peace process. stoling essentially because of kurdish perceptions, that they have been foot dragging. the kurds are granting autonomy to kurdish regions. it c

national mind-set. i also expect a pledge of eco-friendly measures. >> kunihiro, thanks. >>> on thursday the national people's congress will finally open. we will have an analysis of china's slowing economy and the government's work report. >>> the number of japanese politicians facing questions over political donations has grown. now the prime minister and the leader of the largest opposition party are caught up in the issue. as nhk world reports, they're now trying to clarify what's legal, and what's not. >> reporter: one of abe's officers accepted more than $18,000 in donations from five firms that had been awarded state subsidies. the political funds control law bans companies from making donations for one year after they learn they've been awarded the subsidies. it also forbids politicians from accepting donations, but that applies only if they know of such funding. there's another escape clause. subsidies for nonprofit projects are considered legitimate exceptions. abe says he was totally unaware

they are local stories the abusive or just plain risky behavior of fraternity men rarely break the national headlines. but there's no denying it's not all fraternities and sororities, mind you but colleges and universities have found it hard to shut down even the worst chapters. kaitlin flannagan spent a year chronicling the outrageous behavior of a frat house near you. she'll join us in a minute and then we'll talk to a sphra alternate leader who has some ideas on fixing excess of fraternities and a consultant who advises colleges and universities and friends how to lower the risk associated with fraternity life. and later i'll do a keg stand. no i won't. it's "inside story"." the ideal experience? you leave home for the first time navigate your studies get a taste of adult independence, and like minded guys you'll know for the rest of your life, you'll share formative experience do public service and after you graduate, the real experience, for many young men the house becomes your home away from home sure. but ends up having little to do with the education that's supposedly the whole rea