in syria and iraq is an excellent example of the devastation that communication can create in a nation state system. it is atexting to transform a political state system into a caliphate or religious order, and i don't think the nation state system is under gross attack but this is a new and very different development which would be dangerous or painful for all of us. also in the middle east, however, besides chaos are some situations where it is conceivable that real progress towards peace and stability might be made. one of the areas is iran. the iranian nuclear issue is excruciatingly complicated but resolution i don't think, is out of the question. and a resolution of this difficult issue could open the way to discussions of other issues in the middle east region which we used to have with iran when it was a very different state state. and it might serve to change some of the sunni shia issues in the region to benefit all of us. another enduring issue in the middle east region has been the palestinian peace process. many would say that expecting progress is grasping at straws but a deter

the problem you have here is isis despite its claim to be a nation state is not.ean, they don't really have utility infrastructure, they don't have a financial system, they don't have the things that nation state has that a network and therefore very vulnerable. all that said we are entering a new era here with what we recognized as taken place with the hacking that has been going on in our country rather significantly with major corporations and the ability to do that. one of the things, if you were talking to the head of the national security agency he would tell you because we would get these briefings you know in the pentagon when i was on the secretary of defense's policy board and they would say wa keeps you up at night. well, if radical islamists and terrorist organizations were able to get ahold of the capability that russia has or another nation state like iran has and they were able to use that, in other words they bought the capability, then they can do damage to our financial system to our transportation system that would exceed anything that took plac

some states you wouldn't expect. they're repurposing national guard units and using them in a malicious status to create -- to protect state networks. that's actually a nice ferment that will allow creative ideas to be developed. >> the national guard units are the most effective on the cyber security front. they come on weekends and two weeks a year and bring that into those units. it's been very effective. >> a couple more. >> cyber threat indicators and most people know the job of identifying cyber threat is the guy that does insider threat detection. i wonder, someone who is familiar with insider threat detection if there's any lessons that can be a i plied to cyber security more generally because a no, ma'amly detection seems broad an vague. no one is sure what that is. that's something that we're going to be talking about a lot more. does everyone agree that's what we're in and what are the other indicators of that? a lot of ways of doing this. kind of the history of cyber defense has been defending at the perimeter wire and to prevent pen

it will be a swath of people that pay the price, and a foreign nation state like iran russia, china ororth korea, say-- won't say it's from company a. they'll say it's from the united states of america, let's pay them back. so you have this problem in which you didn't start and now you have to stop it. we are not mature enough to have any, i think, private sector offensive capabilities. i think we can do some things now that are offensively defensive, if you know what i mean. >> let's talk about that and another potentially crazy idea rather than capturing the arrows, kill will archer, right? there are opportunities, if it appears that there is an imminent attack on the united states and its critical infrastructure on its national security networks to preemptively attack, before we suffer the attack. this is riddled with problems, because, of course, we get into a situation of great instability. if there's an enormous advantage to go first in the cyber realm, we begin to build doctrine to take us in that direction you can imagine how ultimately we could end up in a situation of strateg

a foreign nation state like iran or russia or china or north korea will not say it is from company a. they will say it is coming from the united states of america and let's pay them back. now you have got this problem of an escalation of which you did not start and you are not sure how you are going to stop it. i think we are not mature enough to have any private sector offensive capability. they can do things now that are offensively defensive, if you know what i mean. >> let's talk about that and another potentially crazy idea rather than capturing the arrows, kill the archer, right? there are opportunities if it appears there is an imminent attack on the united states, critical infrastructure, national security network, to preemptively attack before we suffer the attack. this is riddled with problems because we can get into a situation of great instability. if there is an enormous advantage to go first in cyber realm, we begin to build doctrine to take us in that direction, you can imagine how ultimately we could end up in a situation of strategic instability that would lead all of

the nation's top court will soon decide if same sex marriage should be legal in all states.plus a growing problem in public schools. poverty. and a big discovery on mars. the beagle 2 lander that's been missing for over a decade. president obama says he and his british counterpart david cameron are indispensable partners on the war on terror. cameron wants social media companies to allow government spainls. surveillance. if they refuse, he says some may be banned in the u.k. the u.s. and u.k. are planning to wage cyber war games later this year. the fbi and nsa are teaming up with british intelligence and security agencies to conduct those simulated attacks. ben fitzgerald is the director of national technology in the center for new american security and he joins us tonight from washington d.c. ben, welcome. >> thanks for having me. >> what would this supposed cyber-war look like? >> well before we get into what the simulation might look like, this issue of cyber-war acknowledge whether it's war or not, a number of those definitions that we have for the 20th century are brea

and nation states whether north korea or any nation state wouldn't know something like that. >> the fbihough they're still pointing towards north korea saying there's no credible evidence to indicate that any other group is responsible. north korea has denied any involvement in the attack. >>> well a holiday tradition goes by the wayside when hospitals put safety first when it come to the birth of the new year as first babies. many hospitals are not releasing or limiting information about new year's baby births this year. they're citing the potential for abductions and identity theft based on guidance from the national missing and exploited children. >>> four three, two, one -- happy new year! >> there it goes. >> i was hoping we'd get to see this drop. 4 1/2 foot tall 85-pound yellow peep chick dropped at midnight. i don't know if it's made of marshmallow like this actual tiny versions are. the crowd also enjoyed a fireworks show. >> announcer: now your nbc10 "first alert" weather. >>> and eye i'm "first alert" meteorologist brittney shipp. plenty of sunshine today, but cold temperatur

>> normally if we had something like this from a normal nation state that did conduct a cyberattack, we would respond in kind. in other words, we would conduct an offensive cyberattack against that nation. sort of a quid pro quo sort of thing, and the fact of the matter is we had the number one offensive capability in the world highly classified in terms of what it can actually do. the problem we have with north korea, cheryl, is one they don't have a network, there are very few people who use the internet. two, they're economically impoverished country. we have trade and economic sanctions on them right now. there's not much that we can get at here. the one thing that has got their attention in the past and i think we're going to do some of it here is go after personal wealth of key members of the regime. that will get their attention. north korea doesn't care about tens of thousands of people suffering more than they already suffer. it means nothing to them. >> another challenge the obama administration is going to face in the foreign policy challenge. that is the issue of russia. t

. >> going back to the age of imperialism, the nation state border that were imposed were artificial, we have christians more towards the coast, and muslim inside, so we're seeing not representative of muslim and good theology. what else do you have? >> the israel in palestine, it's what, thousands were killed in the gaza strip, there's been a fight there for i don't know how long. and then you see where christians are leaving. and. >> that i think is just a light on the story that throughout the middle east, the number of christians who have left syria, iraq, iran, even -- where there has been significant christian minority there, giving that up in palestine, around jerusalem. any thoughts on what needs to happen there? >> well, the interfaith community has tried to address that. i saw where this rabbi brought together jews and christians and even muslim, hindus from all different backgrounds out of, i think he's out of new york and so i think he's trying to make an effort in that area, and i think that has to be constantly done, the interfaith effort. >> you are talking about the va

nation. to date, 40,000 people have been treated at 30% of the cost. now other states are studying how they can replicate the success that alaska has achieved. come to the lemmy nation where you'll see the first tribally developed and operated commercial wet land mitigation bank in the united states. more than 2,000 acres that are creating income streams for the tribal government while preserving fishing streams for salmon and shellfish. many are engines of economic growth not just for native people but for non-native people also. in fact there are nearly a quarter million native-owned businesses across the united states. the five tribes in idaho. they contribute more than $850 million to the state's economy. and have increased statewide employment by more than 10,000 jobs. 11 tribal nations in minnesota have collectively contributed more than $2.7 billion to the local economy while employing 41,000 native and non-native minnesotans. these are more than native-american success stories. they are american success stories. and we're ready to write many more in the years t

state and local employees. this is not just a new jersey problem. this is a national problem. states across the country are struggling to fund critical programs because pension and health costs are eating up taxpayer dollars. we first took the lead to try and solve this problem in 2011 when a republican governor and a democratic legislature came together to go up against the entrenched special interests. it was hard. it was loud. it was the right thing to do. together we defied the conventional wisdom and enacted historic reforms that reduce the cost to taxpayers by over $120 billion over the next three decades. this was a huge first step. today, the health of the pension system is stronger than it was five years ago. in fact, gains have totaled over $35 billion -- which is way above projections -- thanks to our sound management and smart investment strategy. but the fact is that while we have been making up ground, the pension fund is underfunded because of poor decisions by governors and legislatures of both parties, over decades, not years. these sins of the past have made t

national profiles that donors are going to look toward. remember this it's not always about donors. it's about voters. and some of those early primary states like iowa, new hampshire, folks like governor walker or marco rubio they have an opportunity to build a profile nationally one hand shake at a time. so it may help a little bit but there's a long way to go. like -- i'm not a betting man. i would have bet too so don't feel bad. >> i'm in good company. thank you. good stuff. >> coming up israel's prime minister coming to washington the white house fighting mad. is this visit threatening the special relationship between the u.s. and israel? when we come back big money, and the vatican. will pope francis end his reforms reach into the vatican bank amid new allegations of ties to nazis, murder, even corruption. the exhilaration of a new engine. painstakingly engineered without compromise. to be more powerful... and, miraculously, unleash 46 mpg highway. an extravagance reserved for the privileged few. until now. hey josh! new jetta? yeah. introducing lots of new. the new volkswagen jetta tdi clean diesel. isn't it time for german engineeri

it was attacked by a nation state. that should affect our own government calculation as to what the governments appropriate role might be as opposed to private enterprise out there on their own. >> the extension of that, my point was if a group of north koreans can put together something to go after a company that had already been hacked and what a nation state with their capability that we knew was far superior, imagine what they could accomplish if they decided to go that way. >> we have been cataloging. let's catalog cyber centers. yet criminal gangs, and the disaffected. i think it between. this is both the iranian and north korean activity is teaching me. in between the criminal gang and the powerful nationstate are these isolated, perhaps dispirited, despairing nationstates who have a lot less to lose in going deep in a cyber attack. we imagine the scenario. chinese are turning all the lights on the eastern power grid. i have allowed myself to make the statement if that were really happening in the real world, th

this is not a traditional nation state undergoing a cost-benefit analysis.ic-led regime a clerical government with a clear intent of ultimately one day unifying the entire world led by someone who believes that will only happen after a cataclysmic showdown with the west. so we have real reason to be deeply concerned and skeptical about the ability to reach any arrangement and real reasons to believe that they are willing to accept short-term suspensions because thes!qyjjtu at the end of the day they'reÛ%9 point and if they have nuclear weapons they're even better off than they would normally be. that's why we're so skeptical here. we're not dealing with belgium. we're not dealing with luxembourg. we're delg with a radical cleric with a radical view of his role in the world and he wants nuclear weapons to be able to do it and i think ultimately no one here could dispute that ultimately even if they agree towr;% a short suspension that is their goal in the long term and as the north koreans have shown you can agree to all sorts of short-term suspensions and yo

at no time in our peace-time history has the state of the nation depended more heavily on the state of the world. and seldom, if ever, has the state of the world demendpended more heavily on the state of our nation. the economic distress is global. we will not solve it at home unless we help to remedy the profound economic dislocation abroad. world trade and monetary structure provides markets energy food and vital law materials for all nations. this international system is now in jeopardy. this nation can be proud of significant achievements in recent years in solving problems and crises. the berlin agreement the s.a.l.t. agreements, our new relationship with china, the unprecedented efforts in middle east are immensely encouraging. but the world is not free from crisis. in a world of 150 nations, where nuclear technology is proliferating, and regional conflicts continue international security cannot be taken for granted. so let there be no mistake about it, international cooperation is a vital factor of our lives today. this is not a moment for the american people to turn inward. mor

the 19th century was the era of the great nation states. the 20th century saw a lot of them break up and finally in the 21st century scotland a member of the family of nations. >> one of two scottish cities that voted for independence in last september's referendum. their argument lost. scotland remains within the union, but for how much longer when the nationalists are now so popular. since they lost the referendum last september support for the scottish nationalists have risen and risen and risen again. and if the polls stay isothere at the moment, they'll win almost every single parliamentary seat in scotland in national elections in may. that would make them the third biggest political party in the whole of the u.k. and given the most extraordinary leave rage in the parties over westminster that would deny them their dream of an independent scotland. >> for those who did vote for independents did so with the idea that scotland's wealth would be oil at $100 a barrel. >> there is no way to pay for public services and all of these things in

states goes back quite a what i. we are the second independent nation, second to the united states of america. when we became in department they had to sell the territory. >> and you said... >> they come to haiti, to get weapons. our relationship goes back. during the cold war, the united states dependent on haiti for anti-communism. that's the time when the supported value, devery well yea. >> he wanted you dead and sent an assassin to kill you. talking about devery well yea, the title comes from him, for whom dogs spy. he used viewed u to convince them. >> here i am, a young anthropologist, i don'tlike the idea that he's paying people believe that. i said "i cannot tell people that dogs don't spy", all i can do is help them to think otherwise. dogs are no longer spying. they are spying for me. >> to do that i had to do a radio broadcast. >> you get into detail as to how bad things are. you have written about it also, poverty, 6 million living on less than $2.50 a day. the housing situation is terrible, not just for the 80,000, but things have gotten so much better, despite deforestation wher

it has, of course, varying forms and organizational structures ranging from nation states to proto nation states to organizations, to groups, to individuals. but all of them are doing one thing. they are waging jihad. and they wage it in varying ways which we will talk about in the course of this program. violent, and not so much non-violented a priest-violent. and they've waged it largely against us, as i say, going back to at least 1979 when with the help of then-carter administration the government of iran was overtaken by these jihadists. underlying this jihad, animating it, demanding it, and making it particularly toxic, is the ideology that its adherence called sharia. we make clear at several points in the strategy, we are not talking about muslims who think of their practice of islam in a personal pie tus personal piotistic non-threatening fashion when we discuss this term sharia. instead we are using it as it non-threatening fashion when we discuss this term sharia. instead we are using it as it has become to be known, practiced and imposed by not just radicals, as we are endless

it wasn't a nation state. the taliban is not a nation state.terrorist organization operating in the tribal areas of pakistan. so i completely disagree. and unfortunately, this is all feeding on itself and you see isis using all of their tactics and unfortunately they're being very successful. by the way, this helps their recruiting. that's the other downside of all of this. >> it certainly does. mike they also -- why is isis -- they're doing all this and changing all these demands all to get one woman back. why is she so important? >> for them it's a propaganda victory, obviously. this woman is the widow of one of the lieutenants of al zarkawi. he was able to become the founder of al qaeda in iraq because in 1994 when king abdullah ascendinged to the thrown after the death of his father there was amnesty. so prisons are essentially the incubator, the radicalization centers for these terrorist groups such as isis. but again, the pilot that we're talking about here he comes from a very influential tribe in jordan. his father has been outspoken in

. >> well, in essence i think there is enough laws on the books with each nation-state, which are goingto be different as to how they investigate these kinds of cases whether it's a criminal investigation or is it an intelligence case. but in essence i think if you look in concept there are currently enough laws on the books for example throughout europe and in the united states, in canada, to thoroughly investigate persons like this and bring them to justice. >> fred, while he was on the run, one of the kouachi brothers spoke with a reporter and said yes, al-qaeda and the arabia peninsula helped direct this attack. these were brothers who were trying to get to iraq to fight for the islamic state. is that enough smoke for you to assume a fire and take them out of circulation? >> well, ray, it's a confusing situation. i think the increased threat environment because of the islamic state's propaganda and it's violence and social media has brought a real concern around the world. but i will defer to what my colleagues here said. you can engage in belligerent rhetoric there are a lot of peo

a nevada prepared to take its place among the most innovative visionary, and well-educated states in the nation. [applause] and although we can never lose our focus on job creation in the economy, we must now turn our attention to nevada's generations to come, the youth of our state. now i featured them in my inaugural for a reason. they are incredibly talented, hard-working, and determined. it is they, it is they, who will live with the decisions we make during this legislative session. i know this view is shared by all of you a symbol. i am relying on the leaders of this institution. assembly woman kirkpatrick among them to work with me on what must be done. we have already started, and i thank them for their leadership. [applause] it's no mystery nevada's new companies will need a highly skilled workforce. our historic industries will as well. improving our public education system must therefore begin with modernization. and modernization requires investment. but our investment cannot be by more of the same. we have two on the fact that our case-12 -- k-12th system must improve. responded to

this idea is new to us in our state but certainly not a knew concept nationally. forty-one states have the system already. already. it works command here is something else that we can do to bring a modicum of fairness to the tax system a system that relies so heavily on sales tax revenue and effexor working families so disproportionately i am proposing we fund the working families tax rebate passed in 2008 but never funded. [applause] this could help more than 500,000 working families in washington mostly in rural and economically struggling counties. i have always believed that if you work full time you should be able to provide your family's most basic need, and that is why i will continue to work with legislators to help working families through policies such as the minimum wage increase in paid sick leave. [applause] so we begin this 64th legislative session at a clear crossroad's the time of recession and hollowing out is behind us. it is now time for reinvestment. i have a deep and abiding belief in our ability to lead the world and to build on our 1st 125 ye

what a lot of states are doing the governors in the role of commander in chief, are reproducing national guard units and using them in a militia status to protect state networks. that is a nice thing that will create ideas to be disseminated. >> those national guard units are the most effective on the cyber security front, to take a sampling of our cyber defenses and the reason they have all the benefits of the private sector real time, and weekends and two weeks of the year. it has been very effective. >> a couple more. how about you? >> [indiscernible] one of the cornerstones of the proposal unveiled on tuesday liability protection of shared data, and most people know that the job of identifying the guy that does insider threat detection. i wonder, general hayden somebody who is familiar with insider threat detection, can it be applied to cyber security more generally? anomaly detection seems broad and no one knows what it is, but it seems that is what we are going to be talking about more. in a post-snowden environment, does everyone agree that is what we are in, and what are the indi

they are still hold often the nation's state system is challenged by isil or isis, but still iraq is till syria is there. disfunctionsal true, but not completely failed state yet. yemen is in the same category. it is not a failed state. but it will have to come to terms with the political agenda next. and what kind of an agreement the yemenis can reach amongst themselves. easier said than done, i acknowledge that. but it is not all that negative. >> political analyst specializing in yemen sir thank you so much for sharing your views with us. >> thank you. >>> of course for more information on the crisis in yemen, you can go to aljazerra.com. where we breakdown the situation there, explaining who the main players are and he also has further details on what exactly is sat stake all that have on aljazerra.com. >>> still to come on the program, ukraine says its army units have come under attack from the russian army amid heavy fighting in the country's east. >>> battling boko haram a regional conference in niner tries to find an answer to fighting the armed group. in clashes between polic

however, different nation states such as the ones you mentioned support different camps. the western powers, along with egypt and the u.a.e. can largely be seen supporting the trobok camp with the western towers willing to mediate and egypt and the u.a.e. not willing. they supported hard line military support. on the other hand, you have qatar and turkey who give military support. however, turkey has come out recently saying they support inclusive dialogue and urging g.n.c. president to condone the dialogue. he however was not able to follow that line, and weirdly went against his political patron turkey. the point is the international level is as confused and confusing as the domestically die george earns inside libya. >> it will be interesting how this plays out in libya. jason pack joining us, good to get your thoughts. >> isil has released around 200 captives from the minority yazidi community in northern iraq. they were transported to kurdish held territory. it's not clear why they were released. the yazidi camp, many of whom are elderly were taken to hospital for ch

it's happened a couple of times, but that it still is looking lilike it might have been a nation state behind it. what really struck me is that you had the white house having to get involved, not because a company got taken down because of a hack, because it was an attack really more on freedom of expression and that's what i think really made it stand out was an attack on freedom of expression and free speech. >> what ar some of the other broader features that we saw in the air that are going to be affecting some of the challengnges that we sesee in thihis year and years to come? >> i think you really saw a defense sitting back and seeming effefectless. you saw j.p. morgan, a company with great defenses, sony, app i-cloud hacks over the celebrity >> accounts. >> exactly. you saw these very well trusted companies. we thought 2013 was the year of the data breach and now 2014 had it worse. i would fully expect to see more of this 2015 within our industry you'll start hearing more cyber people talk less about protection than response of saying we can't keep them out. it's those companies

situated in the center of the united states, missouri is the cross roads for our nation's railroads. ail intensive state. we have more than 4800 miles of track, 3800 public rail crossings and six class one railroads operating within the state. we're proud to have two of the top three rail terminals in the country. kansas city terminal railway is the second largest terminal in the country. approximately 250 freight train movements occur every day. the third largest terminal in the country. at the missouri department of transportation safety is our highest priority. we do everything within our abilities to make our transportation system as safe as possible. when we saw crude oil increase missouri worked with the railroad and federal railroads administration to make certain the routes received our highest attention. it spurred m edred m.o.d.o.t. to increase safety and staff. in missouri we value our strong relationships with the nation's second and third largest terminal railroads. we know it's an important national asset moving a significant amount of freight. they allow multiple railro

states holding on tightly to the death penalty. last year there were 35 executions in the whole nation from seven states which is the lowest number thate have seen in 20 years. >> minutes after the execution ryan cam ever warren hill's attorney told al jazeera he no longer has faith in the u.s. justice system and in his words the constitution is a paper tiger. >> brian kamha joins us on the telephone. what do you mean the constitution is a paper tiger? >> well the constitution prohibits - supposedly prohibited the execution of people with intellectual disability. in georgia it has no effect apparently, because - you know it's not just some doctors who thought that warren hill was intellectually disabled every doctor that evaluated him found him to be intellectually disabled. yet we could not break through georgia's extreme standard you know for determining intellectual disability as a legal innelagibility for the death penalty. >> what did you want the supreme court to do to strike down georgia's law as unconstitutional unconstitutional? >> yes, the united states supreme court issued a decision last year which stated that you know the

and today rand paul visited the first in the nation primary state of new hampshire.after separate state of the state speeches by chris christie of new jersey and each touting their 2016 days. and with so many gop past and present considering a run and many of them boasting deep pockets, the question becomes is how does one stand out from the pack. the publisher of the ferderalist, a web magazine that covers politics and policy. ben, thank you for being here. >> great to be with you. >> so ben, i tend to think of the republican party that is separate and has an overlap from the conservative public. you have the evangelical wing an the business wing and the movement of the party, is there a candidate among the many, many many many names out there that kind after peels to two of those? >> it is a good question. and i think that is a fair way to frame the party. the thing i think is going on right now, like the scene from anchor man, where all of the channels are coming in for a royal rumble and when you think it is over that is what is showing up. and that is what mitt

have to keep our hopes up that they can be rescued. >> this is the first time islamic state has taken japanese nationals hostage. >> yeah. >> now why did they target japanese? >> well islamic state has never criticized japan, and the japanese government or the japanese people in their previous statements. i doubt it is specifically targeting japan as it has the u.s. and uk. those are its primary targets. as those countries led the coalition against the islamic state. the two japanese may have been caught up in ambush attacks. >> awfully short deadline. 72 hours. >> yeah. >> why do you think it was set at that time frame? >> actually, i'm into the sure. but i think they are trying to put a lot of pressure on the japanese government by setting a time limit. in any case it's not enough time to prepare such a huge amount of money. >> you talk about huge amount. what do you think of the ransom demand? >> well $200 million ransom is ridiculous. i doubt the islamic state really want that money. the figure is exactly the same as the same amount of humanitarian aid prime minister mr. abe offered to the region du

i threat the nation state as a threat to rule of law. freeing iraq from his ruthless occupiers is the critical, crucial first turning point. just four months ago dash was trumpeting plans to seize baghdad. to many, they seemed unstoppable. some media reports frantically predicting that iraq might fall. dash was about to jog the entire middle east back into the dark ages. then, two things happened and not by accident. in iraq, the new government was assembled that is intent on reform. iraqis can together determined to move to a different future, determined during the confidence of their citizens. you just heard from prime minister abadi. second, we forged together an international coalition. 60 plus members strong with a mandate to the feet -- defeat da sh. we acted in partnership every step of the way with our arab friends, european allies, and others from across the globe. since september, our coalition has pursued a carefully crafted comprehensive strategy to weaken dash on multiple fronts. we have launched 2000 air strikes, disrupted

i don't think you can describe china as a nation state. ation state. >> there's a difference there. here in the west and the u.s. as well people don't think of respect their leaders. they don't want to em late what happened in the u.s. here in europe you have process and democratically elected government with european bureaucrats. there doesn't seem to be anything aspirational about democracy at the moment. >> democracy is a universal concept, not a western concept. yes, i think what i alluded to earlier was this huge gap that's opened up between elite and political parties and the electorates. it's not driven solely by economic concerns. it's the case since the 208 crash, financial economic crisis. they have created an environment in which the flourished. it's more than that. population is rising in europe and scandinavia. there's something more than economic grievances. it's about a gap in values moral values between political elites and the people. i think it's not just economic. it's more than that. >> that's an interesting point of dea

the land had been nationalized and the peasants were now serving the land owners and serving the statef. something that was even more distant and abstract than the landowners. fidel had nationalized the great enterprises, which was fine, but through a work law, he had done away with rabbit property and small business, however humble it might be. the state has the right to intervene and nationalize a shop. if the employees were not satisfied with what they were being paid or the treatment they were receiving, the middle classes that had raised fidel to power were now deceived by him. in an interview fidel gave at that time, he told me socialism as far as he saw it was the best way for latin america but he wanted a more strict type then what existed so far. all the answers he gave last night were of marxist inspiration. he did not belong to the soviet block but he had become a self-taught marxist. in schools, the textbooks had been substituted by marxist textbooks, trade union said no more authority, and they had become organs of the body of a long soviet alliance. one day, a very well-k

nation states like north korea targeting companies like sony.is what companies should be prepared for in the new year of cyber threats? security experts and law-enforcement officials are discussing those very questions and this week they talked it over at a cyber security conference in new york. our correspondent talked with mary galligan to learn more. >> i think we will see more and more threats that are in the mobile atmosphere. almost 50% of our holiday shopping this year was done on a mobile device. we are using more and more mobile devices, but the security is not as good. i think you will see us restrict what is on mobile devices in 2015. companies will be looking at where is their risk? >> we may be sacrificing security on a personal note for efficiency, but how can that affect businesses? >> using a mobile device? >> yes. >> it can bring investors into their network. anything that is a vector, that is something you are going to see bring more attention in 2015. look at the overall risk. not just our firewalls and our systems, but things