the discussion with sosa by the national constitution center in philadelphia. >> it is so wonderful to be back in person to see all of your faces and to convene here in this significant spot with a crash of applause for the amazing tablet that is shimmering behind us. just in the spring we brought from washington, d.c. the words of the first amendment that are now gracing this sacred space of american freedom, and this is a first convening about the meaning of free speech under the tablet in this space across in independence hall where the constitution and declaration werear written, and it is a meaningful to do with you and with his extraordinary group of free speech heroes. let's give applause for them. [applause] >> this begin as always by residing together at the national constitution banners mission statement and a know you can do it by heart and our friends are listening so let's do it clearly enough so everyone can think about these words. the national constitution center is the only institution in america chartered by congress to increase awareness and understanding of the u.s.

let's begin as always by citing the national constitution center's mission statement. and i know you can do it by heart. and our friends are listening so let's do it clearly enough so that everyone can think about these words. the national constitution center is the only institution in america chartered by congress to increase awareness and understanding of the u.s. constitution among the american people on a nonpartisan basis. beautiful. i knew you could do it. friends, it's so meaningful and important to bring together people of different perspectives, liberal, conservative, and every other stripe imaginable where thoughtful dialogue and debate about the meaning of the declaration of independence and the constitution. leading up to 2026, the 250th birthday of america, we will spend many convening talking about those in the declaration, quality, liberty, inalienable rights and the consent of the governed and we'll also talk about the constitution and the bill of rights. the first in the freedoms enumerated in the bill of rights is, of course, the freedom of conscience

alexa looked at the state of free speech in the united states and abroad from the national constitution in philadelphia the discussion focused on tax by authoritarian regimes the banning of books the impact of artificial intelligence on free speech. >> is so wonderful to be back in person to see all of your faces. and to convene here in a significant spot with a crash of applause for these amazing tablet schwerin behind us. that's now gracing the sacred space cross of independence hall the constitution declaration or written. so meaningful to do with you this extraordinary group of free-speech heroes. let's begin as always study together national constitution center mission statement for i know you know by heart and our friends are listening so let's do it so everyone can think about these words national constitution center is the only institution in america charteree by congress to increase awareness and understanding of the u.s. constitution among the american people on a nonpartisan basis. beautiful i knew you could do it. friends that is so meaningful and importance to bring togethe

national constitution center is the only center in -- chartered by congress to increase awareness andnderstanding of the constitution among the american people on a nonpartisan -- nonpartisan basis. we have programs coming up in july, next thursday, july 6 we host a conversation on this and the constitution. on july 13, we have our supreme court annual review with the adl, an all-star cast. an hour we the people podcast that will be covering the supreme court decisions over the next days and weeks. be sure to tune into that as well. we will collect russians throughout the discussion today and put them in a box. we will get to them as many as we can. it is an honor to introduce our dream team panel to learn about the various strands of originalism. we have assistant professor of law and codirector of constitutional -- and the catholic intellectual condition with the columbus school of law. he is a fellow at the columbia school of law for religious liberty. -- a fellow of the american enterprise institute and the director of the spanish institute -- mentoring and leadership. he previous

and thanks also to the national constitution center for this kind invitation. it's good to see you again. it's it's good to meet professor cadrington and i've looked at your book. i haven't read it all but i intend to it looks very interesting and very well done from the parts. i've seen. i argue that if you look at american constitutional history at large you can see sort of two major divisions up to let's say the beginning of the progressive era you have the the practical legal and philosophical you might say dominance of the of the founders constitution and it's moral and political and intellectual presuppositions and beginning with the progressive era you haven't sort of new american political science that woodrow wilson was a very important part of herbert crowley teddy roosevelt in his own way. he was not a a scientist as wilson was but he was up to date on the latest political science in america and the new political science regarded itself essentially as post-constitutional. they weren't exactly anti-constitutional. they were not against the 1787 consti

uh, democrat national constitution a democratic institution is a foundation.ty. uh, iray international republic insticut is a fund of the republican party of the united states, a number of other funds, smaller americans have always been nearby and the lithuanian secret service was, uh, the very tool that pulled chestnuts out of the fire for the american special services and turkey put up with it. they go uh the russian politicians of the united states moreover they are, and the only commodity that lithuania can sell today is its anti-belarusian and anti-russian relations. this is a union lithuanians in grodno initiative has existed since 1995, funded by lithuania and aims to strengthen ties in the community of ethnic lithuanians living in belarus. they teach here the native language , history, culture, gather for the holidays, but as a public association studying the history of language and traditions , add the lithuanian special services as a branch for espionage. yes, there are, and they said now, probably, the german border is already approaching, yes. take

the national constitution democratic party submitted the motion on friday. it criticized kishida's boost in defense spending as well as what it calls his failure to tackle rising prices. >> translator: things are moving in the wrong direction. we need to stop increasing the burden on people while they struggle to make ends meet. >> but the ruling camp argued the motion was just annual attempt by the cbp to delay deliberations in the diet. the motion is considered largely symbolic as kishida's liberal democratic party holds a majority in the lower house. the ruling coalition voted it down as did some opposition parties. still the proposal had attracted a lot of attention. speculation buildup for weeks the motion could prompt kishida to call a snap election, but he seemed to put the kibosh on that thursday saying he was not considering dissolving the house during the current diet session, which is set to wrap up next wednesday. >>> japan, south korea, and the united states are condemning north korea's latest missile launch. two ballistic missiles were fired on

in 2021, the polish tribunal also said its national constitution took precedence over to you law, rejectinghe bloc's legal framework. the standoff has snowballed into the question of billions of e.u. funds flowing into the country, with brussels threatening to freeze payment of coronavirus aid to poland and finding the country. but e.u. commission says poland is a repeat offender when it comes to violations of e.u. law, turning state media into a government mouthpiece, endorsing homophobia, and attacking women's abortion rates. on sunday half-a-million poles took to the streets in warsaw, to to say no to authoritarian poland. >> i came because i don't agree with what is happening. i want to live in a country where feel safe, where there is a free press, free courts, free schools, where there is trust in the government. reporter: rejected the top ruling. mark: prince harry of the united kingdom did not turn up to give evidence in his court case against abridged tabloid newspaper -- a british tabloid newspaper. the judge that he was surprised he was not present. harry's team argued there were

talked about this topic with andrii maghera, a well-known ukrainian constitutionalist with the national constitutioner head of the central election commission, and he says that only kuchma, and even then, once allowed himself to delay signing the law for several days , and in in general, all presidents of ukraine followed this norm, and president zelenskyi became an exception, and there are already about 20 bills that are still waiting for the president's signature, and some have been waiting for more than six months, for example, the law on the defense of russian the book of products in ukraine, i.e. important laws are voted by the way, what is important is the constitutional majority of votes, and that is, it is not even about the veto, but the president does not use the nose of his legal veto, but simply simply does not sign them. how do you look at this, how do you feel about it there is no such flagrant violation of the norms and requirements of the constitution, a violation of the powers of the president, and the failure of the president to fulfill his powers. if he wanted to sign bills, he ha

in philadelphia, he's he doesn't get a statue there at national constitution center. i would argue that he's considerably more important than some of the lesser figures who do get statues. you know who sort of showed up in philadelphia and didn't do much. and then as washington is forming the first federal government. you know some people talk about j as secretary of treasury some people talk about him as you know secretary of state, but it in in part to help washington find useful jobs for his friends jefferson and hamilton. he says i know i'd like to be chief justice. and even that isn't the end of his career, he goes on as chief justice to negotiate jay's treaty and goes on to be governor of new york. so a lot to research and write about it was it was a fun process? wonderful. um you raise a really interesting question. why is it that jay he doesn't have a statute because he wasn't at the convention. but why is it that the three justices were talking about tonight? bush was watching and john and james wilson. who arguably have far more influence as you say on the c

not need the constitution to support it it is not accepted, but what we did was not the constitution of a muslim nation and a muslim society and an islamic revolution. such a comprehensive constitution and this revolution does not need to be based on islamic teachings. it is acceptable, how should it be regulated, the meaning is that islam should be the ruler, but islam should not be monopolized by a certain class, and if we want to use the power of islam to give the government to one class , will it not be acceptable to the society? the fifth principle wants to deny the role of public votes the fifth one wants to destroy freedoms. does the fifth principle want to make the subway available to a certain stratum and a certain class? for example, it wants to say that from now on, the president, prime minister, ministers , and all of them must be clerics and generalists. this is not a matter of clothing. before voting, i would like to ask this question to the majority of the clergy and prominent figures , whether dear friends , is your opinion on this matter ? intellectual and practical approach to islam ,

that islam does not need the constitution to support it no, but what we did was not the constitution of a nationand a muslim society and an islamic revolution . the constitution of such a society and such a revolution does not need to be based on islamic teachings . how should it be regulated? when we say in the name, it means that islam should be the ruler, but islam should not be monopolized by a certain class, and if we want to use islam to provide the government with a specific product , will it not be acceptable to the society? article 15 wants to deny the role of public votes does the fifth principle want to destroy freedoms? does the fifth principle want to make the subway available to a certain stratum and a certain class, for example , it wants to say that from now on the president, prime minister , ministers, and all of them must be clerics and generalists . it's not about the clothes. for this article, before voting, let me ask this question about the photo of rainbud in the clothes of the clergy and prominent figures. dear friends, do you have our opinion on this work? the clothes ar

dear colleagues, the constitution definitely belongs to this ukrainian nation, but behind it there are also specific names, so today, on this day of the ukrainian constitution, we must remember those deputies who stood here day and night on the rostrum to adopt it, it is also about the deputies of the constitutionalists, mykhailo sirotun, viktor musiyaku, volodymyr stratovych, who have already left us. we should be grateful to them for these nights before the adoption of the basic law of ukraine, but the constitution is not only one night before its adoption, this is a generation of fighters 20 - the 21st century, who fought for the right to be called ukrainians, to have freedom and social justice, to belong with the nation to world civilization for 27 years - this is more than a generation of generations born of independence with the constitution today protects values ​​on the front line against a ferocious enemy who lives not according to morality, not according to the law. and according to the rules of wild arbitrariness and lawlessness, and this is the fundamental difference betwee

an issue with affirmative action, but we should not allow one judge to determine what our national constitutionallicies are. he's the one who wants to overturn it. it is roberts' hallmark. just like dobbs eventually overturned roe we may eventually see this also overturned. what will we do about it today and now going forward? >> it's interesting watching those two clips next to each other. it affirms this idea there's a lot of different ways to be a black person or a person of color, whatever it might be, in america. and they both have completely plausible reasoning for what they took away from affirmative action. i'm not going to quibble with either of them. there is an impact when you take affirmative action away. by way of example, if you restrict or limit or sort of reduce the number of black people who come to a university, you're significantly limiting the number of women as well because about two-thirds of black people in college today are young women and so you're going to have to contend with some of these real impacts on changing the face, pun intended, of a future student body. i just

in fact, the verdict of this mission maybe according to the rights of the nation in the third chapter of the constitution and it is supposed that despite the existence of the legal position that exists for the implementation of our constitution in terms of structure, it is supposed that this position is actually the rights of the iranian nation in domestic and international forums, which maybe compared to some among the specialized positions, for example, compared to the position that previously existed in the previous governments as the position of the civil rights assistant, and today it is only for internal rights, this difference was created due to the transformation of the head of the 13th government and the missions that were created in the decree it has been reported that it is actually the most unprecedented hack during the islamic republic, due to the fact that both the verses were approved in the decree and the description of the duties in the decree, in fact, these missions are all the armed rights of the nation in the constitution and the differences are due to the evolutionary perspective, t

national defense information. whether something has a classification marking or not, that's just one analyst's opinion as to whether it constitutes national defense information. if you're in the military, you can be prosecuted under ucmj because that's an orders violation, it goes under the orders violation where you have to respect that. outside of that, and especially for people like donald trump who never had a security clearance himself, it has to actually constitute national defense information, not simply something that may have been declassified, may have not been properly declassified. classification and declassification is very collateral to this. >> but wouldn't a battle plan to attack iran be considered national defense information? >> it depends. if it is a plan -- a lot of it depends on, if it exists, how detailed is it? is it a fairly rudimentary proposal from mark milley to the president that was outright rejected? does it give very detailed plans? if it's something that happened a few years ago and it's outdated, and the national defense information is something that, if released, would be damaging to the united s

the indivisible unity of the homeland of the nation , the unconditional sovereignty of the nation, the constitutionthe rule of law, democracy, the principles and reforms of ataturk and the principle of a secular republic, peace and prosperity of the nation national solidarity and justice in the understanding that everyone enjoys human rights and fundamental freedoms. i will not leave the country to protect the glory and honor of the turkish republic. i swear on my honor in the presence of the great turkish nation of history that i will work to the best of my ability to glorify and fulfill the task that i have taken upon myself impartially. erdogan is 69 years old in politics since he was a student and all these years erdogan has been working to strengthen the role of islam in the life of the republic a serious rise in popularity came in the mid-nineties, when there was a triumph in the election of the mayor of istanbul , a career could end in the ninety -eighth, when, after a public reading of erdogan's poem, he was sent to prison for inciting ethnic hatred and enmity. he was released after four mo

state, indivisible unity of the homeland of the nation the unconditional sovereignty of the nation the constitutionemocracy principles and reforms of ataturk and the principle of a secular republic peace and prosperity of the nation national solidarity and justice in the understanding that everyone enjoys human rights and fundamental freedoms, rejepa taipas erdogan is 69 years old in politics. from his student days and all these years, erdogan has been working to strengthen the role of islam in the life of the republic. a serious look of popularity came in the mid-nineties, when there was a triumph in the election of the mayor of istanbul, his career could have ended. discord and enmity, he was born 4 months later , erdogan actually led turkey in 2003 , becoming the prime minister in the country at that time there was a parliamentary form of government over the next 11 years, the country's gdp grew by more than 2 1/2 times, and presidents for the first time began to be determined through direct elections, and not through voting in parliament was able to retain power, despite the path, when part of

the indivisible unity of the homeland of the nation the unconditional sovereignty of the nation the constitutionhe rule of law of democracy the principles and reforms of ataturk and the principle of a secular republic peace and prosperity of the nation national solidarity and justice in the understanding that everyone enjoys human rights and fundamental freedoms recep taip erdogan is 69 years old in politics. he is a student and all these years erdogan has been working to strengthen the role of islam in the life of the republic a serious look of popularity came in the mid-nineties, when there was a triumph in the election of the mayor of istanbul, a career could end in the ninety-eighth, when, after a public reading of erdogan's poem , he was sent to prison for inciting ethnic hatred and enmity, after 4 months of childhood , erdogan actually led turkey in 2003, becoming prime minister -minister in the country at that time was a parliamentary form of government over the next 11 years, the country's gdp grew by more than 2 1/2 times, and for the first time the presidents became to determine throug

but whether that is classified or not does not really matter so much as, does it constitute national of a document, even if it does have a classification marking on it, but it does not constitute national defense information, or if it was the classified, if it's not currently national defense information than, no, that wouldn't be the smoke east gun. >> okay. . you do need -- >> to -- represent what the -- >> i want to go back to your point, which is correct in the justice department's approach to this, which is, classification is not important to them in -- investigation -- >> right. it's not part of the statute. >> that's right. -- the heaviest statute that they cited in obtaining that search warrant, 18 usc, section 1519, and you know what it says, and you know what the final line of it says, which is 20 years. okay? and here's what it describes. word classified never appears. >> correct. >> national defense never appears. this law applies to, as you know, any record. any record. okay? whoever, knowingly conceals, covers up, in any record document, or document, with the intent to

whether something is classified, declassified, that's somebody's opinion whether it constitutes national defense information. the statue will prohibit willful possession of documents defined as which that the defendant has reason to believe the disclosure of which would be damaging to national security. so a lot of these things, if you talk about, you know, for example, plans to attack iran that were rejected, that were never carried out, that are several years old. >> brian: okay, right. >> are those really national defense information? you know, does the release of that damage our national security? probably not. that's something the jury would have to decide. >> brian: of course you need unanimous. tim, the most important question, i just need a quick answer on it, you don't believe, one of the reasons you're not with the team, you don't believe you're able to get the best advice for the president, with too many knuckleheads around him, blocking the best information. you're not just talking about you, you're talking about other attorneys. has anything changed to make you think that th

did he even know that these things existed, and also, do the documents themselves constitute nationalnformation which is not that it relates to national defense, it has to be specifically that the disclosure of this document would be damaging to the national security of this country. so if we're talking about a lot of daily schedules and briefings that he received before phone calls and things like that, even if they were classified at the time, and even if they weren't declassified as has been argued back and forth, that type of information would not constitute national defense information under the statute. >> tim, quick, before we let you go, obviously having formerly represented the president, we were talking about the fact he was the one who sannounced the indictment. now that this is coming, do you think he will be able to help his case personally by the way he often treats these types of moments or do you think he may need to change the way he operates given that it's a federal case? >> you know, i think a lot of that's going to come down to what is in the indictment because, y

this nation's constitutional history does not tolerate that choice. this is chief justice john roberts writing the majority opinion, 6-3 with justices sotomayor, kagan, and justice jackson in dissent. >> yeah. that's right, and, you know, it's interesting because you have to start from the backdrop that the conservatives on this court have made sort of their feelings about what is more known as affirmative action of the time. the question was how far do they want to go? do they say you can't use race at all, even in an essay? that would be somewhat extraordinary, and even justice jackson pointed out, how can you strip that away from somebody's identity? how can you tell them they can't even talk about it in an essay? it appears the court is not going that far, and now it seems the next step where we're going here is where people will be trying to find other ways to incorporate how race is meaningful in their lives, but again, not in the ways that schools are doing it currently. it's going to be a reworking of the current system. if you want to at leas

maybe she will see the importance of the nation, whose constitution she has sworn to uphold, the importance for the mission and the constitution that the rule of law and survival a democracy of moving this trial along with expedition will for fairness, of course, as a defendant. fully respecting as jack smith rightly emphasized that he is presumed innocent, but not indulging, merely delaying tactics so that whoever becomes president, if it is not a democrat, might simply pardon. donald trump or drop the charges and tried to pardon himself. if just trial is pushed into the time when the election is underway, the country will be riven. what i am hoping is that if this trial is slowed down by aileen cannon then jacks mitt, who is pursuing and even more serious crime, and attempted coup and insurrection against the government of the united states, we'll move that case to indictment in washington d. c. before fani willis moves her case in georgia. so from all corners, the rule of law seems to be enveloping a man who never seemed to believe really that the law applied to him. it mantiply that it

maybe she will see the importance of the nation, whose constitution she has sworn to uphold, the importance the rule of law and survival a democracy of moving this trial along with expedition will for fairness, of course, as a defendant. fully respecting as jack smith rightly emphasized that he is presumed innocent, but not indulging, merely delaying tactics so that whoever becomes president, if it is not a democrat, might simply pardon. donald trump or drop the charges and tried to pardon himself. if just trial is pushed into the time when the election is underway, the country will be riven. what i am hoping is that if this trial is slowed down by aileen cannon then jacks mitt, who is pursuing and even more serious crime, and attempted coup and insurrection against the government of the united states, we'll move that case to indictment in washington d.c. before fani willis moves her case in georgia. so from all corners, the rule of law seems to be enveloping a man who never seemed to believe really that the law applied to him. it mantiply that it all belonged to him. it was my boxes, my bo

people live and in a free country have their own will and convictions and that a nation that works together constitutes an immense force. they have a word for that. they recognize it in the struggle of the ukrainians today. one a free people like the ukrainians have the support of free nations around the world, nations who recognize their freedoms and rights, the force they possess is unstoppable. thank you very much. [applause] >> the united states added 339,000 jobs in may while the unemployment rate rose slightly to .7%. -- 3.7%. >> c-span is your unfiltered view of government, funded by these television companies and more, including cox. friends do not have to be rare. when you are connected, you are not alone. supports c-span as a public service, along with these other television providers, giving you a front row seat to democracy. >> fridays at 8:00 p.m., c-span brings you afterwards from book tv, a where nonfiction authors arenterviewed on their latest books. tonight, the former congressman keh ellison offers his thoughts on how to stop the cycle of police violence with his book, break the wheel

people live and in a free country have their own will and convictions and that a nation that works together constitutes an immense force. they have a word for that. they recognize it in the struggle of the ukrainians today. one a free people like the ukrainians have the support of free nations around the world, nations who recognize their freedoms and rights, the force they possess is unstoppable. thank you very much. [applause] >> c-span's washington journal, we are discussing the latest issues in government, politics and public policy. from washington and across the country. coming up saturday morning, politico's michael strafford talks about the latest on the biden administration's student loan debt forgiveness efforts, and look at the themes for this years's conference of mayors, with and begins her. for our spotlight, mark leon goldberg, host of the dispatch podcast, discusses foreign affairs issues. watch washington journal. join in on the conversation live on saturday morning on c-span, c-span now or online at c-span.org. >> be up-to-date in the latest in publishing with tv's podcasts come about

people live and in a free country have their own will and convictions and that a nation that works together constitutes an immense force. they have a word for that. they recognize it in the struggle of the ukrainians today. one a free people like the ukrainians have the support of free nations around the world, nations who recognize their freedoms and rights, the force they possess is unstoppable. thank you very much. [applause]

people live and in a free country have their own will and convictions and that a nation that works together constitutes an immense force. they have a word for that. they recognize it in the struggle of the ukrainians today. one a free people like the ukrainians have the support of free nations around the world, nations who recognize their freedoms and rights, the force they possess is unstoppable. thank you very much. [applause] >> with emily, antony blinken covers u.s. israel relations during a speech at the american israel policy summit. live coverage at 9:00 eastern on c-span two, c-span now, our mobile video app or online at c-span.org. ♪ >> listening to programs on c-span or c-span radio just got easier. tell your smart speaker play c-span radio app listen to washington journal daily at 7:00 a.m. eastern, imported congressional hearings and other affairs throughout the day, and weekdays at 5:00 and 9:00 cash flush -- catch washington today. this into c-span anytime just tell your c-span- smart speaker to play c-span radio. powered by cable. >> president biden addresses the nation for the oval offi

territorial integrity, and this , by the way, ah, if we are talking about national interests, these are the days that constituteraditional rights and freedoms of citizens. yes , because we are talking about balanced interests, the personality of society and the state. i will give you an example, and for example, in the united states of america there is a very large number of research institutes that study only russia. there are still over 120 there . yes, but why, because it is necessary, but for in order to make some decision , what we should do is collect information, process this information, yes, that is , it means to analyze it, and then only make a decision in order to process this information in order to analyze it. we still have to understand this information, or disinformation. yes, they are studying how a potential enemy or how the experience of accumulated russia is of interest to them china is studying and india is studying pakistan there central asia why because there are some peculiarities? here they are, well, the task, what is it competition? yes there is competition to beat in this competition

where the old constitution, the constitu portion of washington and madison and hamilton never mentioned slaves or slavery explicitly until the nation decided to abolish it in the 13th amendment, the confederate at constitution expressly provided for its protection in several of its provisions. what lever would a black person have in the confederacy to secure liberty by the rule of law and courts? to what principles of freedom and equality? government. by consent? could a black person appeal in a nation whose foundations are laid and cornerstone rests, according to the vice president? alexander drew stephens upon the great truth, stephens said that the -- is not equal to the white man. that slavery, subordination to the superior race is his natural and normal condition. stephens added this our new government is the first in the history of the world based upon this great physical, philosophical and moral truth. blacks could claim no civil right, no political, no constitutional right in the systemically racist confederate states of america. they could only appeal to their natural right of revolution. so douglass concluded that the bur

it said the president's ability to classify and control access to national security information flows from the constitutiones. he alone decides. he said he declassified this material, he can put it wherever he wants, he can handle it however he wants. that's the law. >> before you came to congress, you were a constitutional professor. what do you make of that argument? >> well, the president's responsibility under article two of the constitution is to take care that the laws are faithfully executed which means that the president's control over classification must conform to what the law is. and certainly that's true of former presidents, as well. the case that he referred to, navy versus egan, has to do with the merit system's protection board and to what extent they have authority to second guess the granting of a security classification. it's got nothing to do with what we're talking about -- >> it's not even about declassifying at all, whether somebody's a president or former president? >> no, he's citing a sentence or two of dcta which specified that the president has power over national security under

uncomfortable asor it may make people in certain circles you'll see shooting suspects -- nationally black males constitute between 6 and 7.of the population but make up -- but murdered nearly ten times rate of their white counterparts and crimes like homicide are tightly clustered into relative handful of neighborhoods in and around american cities. for example, in 2019 the national murder rate was 5 per 100,000. ten most dangerous chicago neighborhoods on the other hand which are 95.7% black or latino 2019 homicide rate was a whopping 61.7 per 10,000 as high as that number is it understateds how dangerous some of those neighborhoods actually are west garfield park for example had a 2019 murder rate of 131 per 100,000. now, my book highlights data like these for two reasons first age thorough understanding of how violence is and has long been concentrated helps us understand who it is that will suffer the most should a particular policy program diminish public safety and biological extension who it is that will gain the motion should a particular policy program enhance public safety. which takes us to the

nationally black males constitute 70% of the population and makeup, murdered at 10 times the rate of their white counterparts. crimes like homicide are tightly clustered in a relative handful of neighborhoods in and around american cities. in 2019 the national murder rate was 5 per one hundred thousand. the ten most dangerous chicago neighborhoods on the other hand which are 95.7% black and latino, 2019 homicide rate was 61.7 per 100,000. as high as that number is it understates how dangerous some of those neighborhoods are. west garfield park for example had a 2019 murder rate of 131 per 100,000. my book highlights data like these for two reasons. first, a thorough understanding how violence is concentrated helps us understand who will suffer the most should a particular program diminished public safety and biological extension, who it is that will gain the most should a particular policy program enhance public safety which takes us to the second reason i highlight this data. the reality of crime concentration can contextualize some of the disparities and enforcement statistics that

alexa looked at the state of free speech in the united states and abroad from the national constitutioniladelphia the discussion focused on tax by authoritarian regimes the banning of books the impact of artificial intelligence on free speech.

this time of the, the approved or reject the most progressive constitution ever proposed for any nation in the history. yes or no. shooting, voted, you know, the big picture, the off was question. the delves into the very foundation until the cost of its relationship with indigenous people, the muscle, and the midst of should positive on the jersey. the welcome back. a quick reminder about top stories here at this hour. your claims president is hailed as troops fighting impact, move, amenities, as it's conducting offensive action along the front line and hasn't said responsible along a way to the counselor. if you're such a state anthony blinking says washington and well, that's around develop nuclear weapons. we also much saudi arabia and israel from normalize relations. those comments come a day before he's traveling to react. on former us vice president mike pence has officially enter the 2020 full rates for the white house, pensive people pitching against this form of us. donald trump, a preliminary investigation into india is deadly as trained crashing decades points to a signaling