researchers have about a one in ten chance to get funded, so all of the grants going to the national institutes of health one out of ten doors are we able to open. the most ideal situation is between 25 and 30%. actually, when congress decided -- >> you're turning down good proposals. >> they're on the cutting room floor right now. it's affecting young investigators who are deciding why should i stay in this area of career when the chances of my getting funding is so small right now. so, it's affecting labs across the country laying off people and right now, all of the, we have 435,000 people who are directly, indirectly funded. >> cancer survivor is a term we use today. isn't it great? we're used to the term. >> 14 million. >> we know the term. it used to be cancer meant the end and now, survivor for so many people because of research. >> absolutely. 14 million survivors. >> you guys just amaze me what you can do. >> this gets to some issues in terms of the values we have on society. >> you mean the tax cut issue. >> what republicans are doing. before the show, one of your producers, connie, asked me, w

francis collins is the director of the national institute of health. he human geno project. joy reid is managing editor of "the to be on the same segment as this fellow here. dr. collins. i've met you a number of times. so short term, long-term effects. when i hear pancreatic or alzheimer's, someone is in trouble. what is happening in all these areas. >> in research or pancreatic cancer or diabetes or the universal flu vaccine is a remarkable pitch. amazing progress being made at an exponential rate. here we are at the moment where science is moving the fastest it ever has and support for that science, because of sequester, is under greater threat than it has ever been. the terms of the risk of slowing down a remarkable advance in medical research, many are substantial. people may not feel that today. >> who is going to tell them? your country is backing down on research when other kuns try are ramping up. look at china, india, 20%. brazil, japan, up by 10%. even germany up by the%. but u.s. is cutting spending 5%. so we are down, they are all up. >> is

then the director of the national institutes of health testifying on his agency's budget. later, the national transportation safety board. is, why do we do it. why do we take the risk. is it fun? ford venture? makingre easier ways of 11 a living and doing this. we do it to understand the world and how it changes. theyons build and then snap with violent political change. we go to where the cracks are, to see how the plates are fitting together. we do this show innocence have a voice. we do this to show these did you jockeys they are wrong. we have decided that this is what we want to do with our slice of time. richardweekend, friendly journalist memorial rededication. 9:10 on the war. handling scandals of all kinds. this is followed by a crisis tell book party. >> not a hearing on self driving cars. bugle and general motors have both been testing vehicles with advanced technology. witnesses include david strickland. this is one hour and 45 minutes. >> no apologies. this is your form. >> don is from south dakota. from south dakota and they have good values. we have good valu

longtime compatriot used to say, the crown jewel of the federal government, that is the national institute of health care for a budget hearing. dr. collins, welcome to the subcommittee. our panel of doctors. this is an important moment for nih and the future of medical research in this country. fundingear 2003, the has dropped in real terms by 22%. hashasing power of nih fallen by more than 1/5 over the past decade. 2013,ear, fiscal year nih will drop by $1.7 billion below last year's budget. almost entirely because of sequestration. will have fewer grants. that means 700 fewer opportunities to investigate and possibly find a cure for cancer and alzheimer's and diabetes and a number of diseases. perhaps even more alarming is the researchers chance to get a grant approved by nih will drop by 60%. that is the lowest success rate in the history of nih. that comes at a time when potential for scientific breakthrough has perhaps never een better. the national cancer institute, success rate will be 12%. the other institutes, below 10%. that is abysmal. when you have less than one in a 10 chance of getting

researchers have about a one in ten chance to get funded, so all of the grants going to the national institutes of healthly one out of ten doors are we able to open. the most ideal situation is between 25 and 30%. actually, when congress decided -- >> you're turning down good proposals. >> they're on the cutting room floor right now. it's affecting young investigators who are deciding why should i stay in this area of career when the chances of my getting funding is so small right now. so, it's affecting labs across the country laying off people and right now, all of the, we have 435,000 people who are directly, indirectly funded. >> cancer survivor is a term we use today. isn't it great? we're used to the term. >> 14 million. >> we know the term. it used to be cancer meant the end and now, survivor for so many people because of research. >> absolutely. 14 million survivors. >> you guys just amaze me what you can do. >> this gets to some issues in terms of the values we have on society. >> you mean the tax cut issue. >> what republicans are doing. before the show, one of your producers, connie, asked me,

the national institute of health.your doctor's office before you get checked out? your not alone. the most common gripes. ♪ welcome to the new buffalo... where new york state is investing one billion dollars to attract and grow business... where companies like geico are investing in technology & finance. welcome to the state where cutting taxes for business... is our business. welcome to the new buffalo. welcome to the new buffalo. welcome to the new buffalo. new york state is throwing out the old rule book to give your business aew edge, the edge you can only get in new york state. to grow or start your business, visit thenewny.com gerri: temperatures are rising. we're bringing down the biggest gripes that patients have and how to remedy the next. ♪ gerri: visits to the doctor's office can be downright painful. i don't have to tell you that. "consumer reports" is taking a look at some of the most grape- were the complaints patients have when it comes to the doctor. a senior projects editor joins me now. less talk abo

the national institute of health has awarded the university of alabama, yes, the nih, you taxpayers are00,000 to the u of a in research grants to develop the personal automatic cigarette tracker. this is a system that includes breathing and hand gesture sensors designed to detect and record when and how a person smokes. that will help researchers and you know what, probably insurors figure out when you're smoking. at the moment, this system is designed to look like a vest but with the 400 grand in taxpayer money, they say they will offer it in a variety of styles and colors in underwear. now, i'm not sure how i should feel about this product but one thing is for sure. when it comes to smoking underwear, i wonder when insurance companies are going to get a whiff of this. this is joyful, because if they can figure what you've been drinking or smoking instead of what you check on your insurance box, i bet you what people pay in insurance would dramatically change. soon they're going to have access to what you eat, too, and when you say you drink five drinks a week, they'll know if it's sev

cutting funding for the national institutes of health. esearch in the world means delays to the universal flu vaccine that could fight every strain of flu. no more rolling of the dice hoping your type of flu is covered by the flu shot. cancer drugs, developments that would isolate the disease and cause less trauma to the rest of the body and research on drugs that could lessen debilitating effects of old age. i guess we're awarded for the human geno project. one of our regular guests is joy reid. dr. collins, i've met you a number of times. so short-term, long-term effects, when i hear pancreatic, alzheimer's, i know we're in trouble with somebody. somebody's in real trouble. what's going on right now in all of these areas? >> chris, this is the paradox that research in pancreatic cancer, bdiabetes is at a remarkable pitch. amazing progress being made at an expo nen initial rate and yet we are here where the science is moving as fast as it has and the support for that science because of the sequester is under a greater threat than it ever

of thinking. >> can i use $10 words on this? >> yes. >> now, you know that nih, national institutes for health or of health. >> national institutes of metal. >> they -- of health. >> they just had within summary past couple of weeks they had a big meeting and they talked about how your mental state actually affects your physical health, correct? >> yes. >> were you there? >> i wasn't at that one, no. i was out of town, in europe. >> do you know whether they discovered anything new or were they just kind of ventilating this in the interest of public education? >> not having been there, i wouldn't want to declare anything, but it sounded like it was a group of people together to bring us up to date to where we stand on this. this is a valuable thing to do. >> are they sa saying that age doesn't mean the same thing today that it meant 20, 30, 40 years ago? >> it's absolutely different. look at the way -- you see people in their 80's -- in fact, anthony store the other day, famous british psychologist who died at age 80 was giving a lecture at oxford at the university there. he was one of the fellows. he was 80 years old and has continued to

but the national institutes of health fixed all that. now you can make the type bigger, increase contrast, even make it talk to you. just go to nihseniorhealth.gov and get the best medical information available anywhere. nih seniorhealth.gov. built with you in mind. music i want some more. what's he doing? please sir, i want some more. more? he has asked for... thank you. well he did say please... yes he did. and thank you. please and thank you. pass it on. (crowd of children) thank you. >> here's another report in our series on first-aid basics. >> what is heat exhaustion? >> heat exhaustion occurs when the body gets too hot. >> what causes it? >> well, our body cools itself by sweating. so when we're in the heat for a long time or we're doing physical activity for a long time without replenishing those fluids that we lost through sweating, then the hypothalamus -- a part of the brain that controls heat regulation -- is actually overwhelmed. we end up producing more heat than we release. >> what are some signs to look for? >> the person

the national institute of health. and if you believe evolution is a lie or you can stop being gay, then a republican senate primary down in georgia is made for you. and this is hardball. a place for politics. [ male announcer ] running out of steam? ♪ now you can give yourself a kick in the rear! v8 v-fusion plus energy. natural energy from green tea plus fruits and veggies. need a little kick? ooh! could've had a v8. in the juice aisle. >>> welcome back to "hardball." this week the white house tried to put to rest talk of some massive politically motivated cover-up on benghazi. releasing 100 pages of e-mails. there they are. showing exactly how and by whom the talking points for that appearance on sunday morning's "meet the press" by susan rice was put together. republicans seem far from satisfied. >> you don't have to be sherlock holmes to figure this out. the story of benghazi, if accurately reported, would undercut the narrative bin laden's dead, al qaeda's on the run and they manipulated the evidence to help thei

but the national institutes of health fixed all that.now you can make the type bigger, increase contrast, even make it talk to you. just go to nihseniorhealth.gov and get the best medical information available anywhere. nih seniorhealth.gov. built with you in mind. music i want some more. what's he doing? please sir, i want some more. more? he has asked for... thank you. well he did say please... yes he did. and thank you. please and thank you. pass it on. (crowd of children) thank you. >> it's a sport that has a kickoff, but it's not football. it has a pitch, but it's not baseball. it has goals, but it's not soccer. and it has teams that are guys or all girls, but as emily tells us, that's changing. >> it all started about 200 years ago in england. a guy playing soccer decided he wouldn't just kick the ball. he'd carry it as he ran. so you say, "oh, like american football?" well, not exactly. >> the big difference between american football and rugby football is there's no forward pass in rugby. the ball has to be passed laterally... >>

but the national institutes of health fixed all that.make the type bigger, increase contrast, even make it talk to you. just go to nihseniorhealth.gov and get the best medical information available anywhere. nih seniorhealth.gov. built with you in mind. music i want some more. what's he doing? please sir, i want some more. more? he has asked for... thank you. well he did say please... yes he did. and thank you. please and thank you. pass it on. (crowd of children) thank you. >> we're talking with a band that travels the world, not just performing beatles songs but looking and sounding like the famous fab four. >> ♪ so, how could i dance with another? ♪ ♪ ooh ♪ since i saw her standing there ♪ >> so, graham, what's the best part of being in 1964: the tribute? >> oh. >> there's so many things. [ laughter ] >> i love these boots. i really... no, no. you know, the best part of playing this music is the fact that everyone knows it, it's an american icon, and as british as the beatles are, america really took to them, and they still do today.

i was recently at the national institutes of health and saw firsthand the great work that they're doing. i can tell you that many of the missions they are doing are critical to our health. i was briefed on the work they are doing phon an influenza vaccine. that will look at a vaccine that will work for multiple years. well, that's the type of work that's done at the national institutes of health, the type of work they're doing in finding the answers to cancer. i remember when i was young, if you got cancer, it was a death sentence. now we've reduced the fatalities of cancer. survival rates are much higher. that's the work that's done at the national institutes of health, n.i.h. that work is being compromised by these across-the-board cuts that affect the grants that n.i.h. can give to the institutes around the country, including in massachusetts and in maryland. what's happening with head start -- 70,000 children could benefit from head start but will not be able to this fall. why? because of these across-the-board cuts. head start is a program that works. we know that. the children who

replace the sequester in a way that preserves our national security and preserves important -- inments in other health research at the national institutes of health and other essential functions. and that is what we should be doing in the budget conference. that is exactly what the budget conference is for.but we could not get an -- could not get agreement on our proposal to go to conference this week. have been denied the opportunity to vote four times to replace the sequester in the house. >> republicans do see this as a new rallying cry for them, something that would be a positive thing that would be-- would theoretically reduce the deficit and prove the economy. is this a path forward? do you think democrats would be willing to consider tax reform in a way that lower rates if-- lowered rates if there were a pastor also getting revenues out of it? >> on tax reform, there are two pieces to it, as you know. one is corporate tax reform and the other is individual tax reform. on corporate tax reform, i think everybody agrees that we should look for a way to reduce the rate by broadening the base. the united states corporate tax rate is high

. >> follow me.inn on the campus of the national institute of health. >> what's in the shed is a redhings and balls. >> 4-year-old bella has severe combined immune into -- immuno dish fish schenns si. >> do you think showers -- you be a news reporter. >> sure i will. >> kids like bella come to the n.i.h. and stays -- stay at the inn for all kinds of illnesses. >> all kinds of illnesses that they've not been able to resolve in their communities. in many cases this is their last best hope for recovery. >> today the childrens inn officially opens it's new playground. there are swings and forts. >> just a second. i've got to get down. follow know the golf course. >> yes. a golf course. >> this playground has unique features. you'll notice there is sun and shade. that's because some children who have a particular illness or take a certain medication can't be exposed to direct sunlight. >> there is also this giant nest. it was crafted by an artist and volunteers made it out of eucalyptus. this is a place where kids and families can tuck in and feel safe. >> louisa is 22 months old and has

national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013] >> next, live, your calls and comments on "washington journal ." budgetssion on the request for the national institutes of health. we do question is, why do it? why take the risks? is it for fun or adventure? no. is it for the money? there are easier ways to make a living than this. we do it to understand the world and how it changes. the world tends to move like the earth's. snap with violent political change. we go to where the cracks are. we do it so the innocent have a voice. we do it to show the tv pundits that they are usually wrong. we do it because we have decided this is what we want to do with our slice of time on this planet. >> this weekend on c-span, 8:35 d engel, live at eastern follow by a panel on media coverage of war. and a former clinton special counsel, lanny davis on handling scandal of all kinds. on. american's history tv, oral histories. morning, a reporter for the center for public integrity looks at the tax-exempt unit at the irs and revolutions -- revelations that the agency targeted conservative groups. and a look at the relationship presents have had with the irs. and later, the execu

the national institute of health.r's office before you get checked out? your not alone. the most common gripes. ♪ at a dry cleaner we replaced people with a mhi. what? customers didn't like it. so why do banks do it? hello? hello?! if your bank doesn't let you talk to a real person 24/7, you need an ally. hello? ally bank. your money needs an ally. your chance to rise and shine. with centurylink as your trusted technology partner, global broadband network and custom communications solutions, your business is more reliable - secure - agile. d with responsive, dedicated support, we help you shinevery day of the week. gerri: temperatures are rising. we're bringing down the biggest gripes that patients have and ♪ gerri: visits to the doctor's office can be downright painful. i don't have to tell you that. "consumer reports" is taking a look at some of the most grape- were the complaints patients have when it comes to the doctor. a senior projects editor joins me now. less talk about some of these big gripes starting with

scientific misconduct and they actually filed charges against him at his university and at the national institutes of health. >> it's like a death sentence. if you're found guilty of scientific misconduct you're out of business; your reputation is ruined; you're through. >> the assault went on for three years. for three years, dr. needleman stood his ground. >> those were tough years in dr. needleman's life. eventually those charges were shown to be baseless and the people that brought them forward who had portrayed themselves as neutral scientists were, in fact, revealed as consultants to the lead industry. it took several years for the truth to out. but he triumphed. >> i knew i was right. i mean, i knew that the work was good. i knew that my colleagues who worked with me on it were honest people. but i realized that science is not always the polite intellectual activity that it appears to be; that environmental science sometimes becomes something closer to warfare. >> so that's why you called this "lead wars," i assume? >> that's right. >> yes. >> that's where the title comes from. this is one of the, yo

trials and have all funding and approval and eventually all results coming out of the national institutes of health rather than this clinical trial any feedback on actual implementation of results we could achieve in the next five years to have more transparency? >> the problem of incomplete dissemination from the publication bias that have been sent academia to in research frequently. i would not hold them up as the hope but people have this very different fantastic notion of how to fix this like nationalizing the industry or make it all centrally administered to put the money into a big pot than a central body does it. i am not sure that is necessary because i am not sure we tried the basic stuff yet. with the missing clinical trial results we have not really tried asking even very carefully. we have clinical trials but nobody has been called off for not having over. and we're not asking for very much. when you look at the trials with the extraordinary or partially overlapping patchwork around the world of the incomplete list of trials no way is anyone saying we need a list of all trials and have

of health care continues to go up. but in an imaginative scientific community, liberally supported by national institutes of health grants, by billions of dollars of research support, there is an open-ended capacity for medical advances which are going to be very costly for the foreseeable future. hi, russ. so-called efficiency gains began to strike at the very heart of the doctor-patient relationship. william schwartz: doctors, in general, i feel, do believe that they're not able to do all the things that they should do, and now the economic incentive for a managed-care doctor is very small in terms of doing more. in fact, he can be punished or penalized or dropped from the plan if he does too much in the eyes of the managed care program. so making doctors see patients for five minutes is really not helping. it's hurting. it's disaffecting to the care. if it's... my wife or my child, and i know that there is a harmless procedure which could be done, and i'm insured, i want that, even if it's only 1 in 2000. but can my wish be gratified? i'm not paying for it. society as a whole is paying for it. but i say i'm insured. a

harold, a nobel prize winner and the former head of the national institute of health. had known herald for some time. this is a funny story because i was on my way to india and i was sitting there at an airport in amsterdam at my computer like i always am. i got this message from harold saying we need to speak. i sent back a message, i am on my way to india. let's talk in a week. i got back in the u.s. and i wait for his call and nothing happens. i said, whatever it was, it must have gone away. about a week after that, i get another message from harold saying, i need to talk to you. i said, i have been back a week. i thought you would have touched base by now. let's talk any time. a week goes by and i do not hear anything. then i am on my way to florida to give a talk at the civic's department there. at the airport, my mobile phone rings. it is harold and says, can we talk? i said, we have been trying to talk for a month now. what is going on? he said, if you were offered an appointment to the u.s. president council advisory on science technology, what would be your an

the senate, the house they've been pushing to try to plus up the if you saiding for the national institutes of healthow much of this is divide between weak and the strong, the powerful voice versus those who may not have their strong advocates. we've heard a lot of people bring up 4-year-olds in head start. can't all get on a bus and head to capitol hill. >> yeah. that's very true. i think the people who rely on meals on wheels, some of the education funding are not able to make the same kind of case. they're hearing also from their advocates. people on the hill like chris van hol yep saying he would prefer an overall sequestration fix which is pretty much pie in the sky. if they want to fix all of it while others are going for the piece by piece attempts, i think they'll be the ones that have successful if the advocates for meal on wheels or housing want to make a play, they're going to need to get some powerful allies. >> you mentioned congressman chris van hollen. he will be a guest on the star tomorrow so we'll ask him about the pie in the sky analogy. thank you for joining us. a great pleasure t

now spending on the face of the human microbiota product, you have other parts of the national institutes of healththat it began to ramp up research on the microbiota and they spent $180 million a year. so that is going to bear fruit and show up in all kinds of ways. i think the first thing we will see if people move away from antibiotics because they understand how destructive they are the more cautious about that. it's hard to predict. >> host: toothpaste companies are doing research on this. why is that? >> guest: there are 700 or so, maybe a thousand different microbes. it's establishing a balance within and also the ones that caused cavities are outcompeted by the ones that are beneficial and toothpaste companies are looking to see if they can take advantage of that to make their product more effective. >> host: a venture capitalists getting in the game. do not much money is being put into this on the private side? >> guest: i don't know the number. i did talk to one particular company out of california that is looking to put a product of the market for ulcerative colitis and they hope to get

spending on the next phase of the human microbio project, you have other parts of the national institutes of healthto ramp up their research on the microbio, and they spent $180 million a year. so that will bear fruit and show up in our lives in all kinds of ways. i think the first thing we are going to see is people are going to move away from antibiotics because they will understand how destructive they are. they will be a lot more cautious of that. it is hard to predict. host: you talk about the peace that -- you talk about in the piece that toothpaste companies are doing research on that. why is that? ,uest: there are 700 or so maybe up to 1000, different microbes in the mouth. it is a question of establishing a balance within the mouth so that the ones that cause cavities are kind of outcompeted by the ones that are beneficial, and i think toothpaste companies are looking to see if they can take advantage of that to make their products more effective. host: venture capitalists are also getting into the game. do we know how much money is putting into this research on the private side? guest: i

spending on the next phase of the human microbio project, you have other parts of the national institutes of health that to ramp up their research on the microbio, and they spent $180 million a year. so that will bear fruit and show up in our lives in all kinds of ways. i think the first thing we are going to see is people are going to move away from antibiotics because they will understand how destructive they are. they will be a lot more cautious of that. it is hard to predict. host: you talk about the peace that -- you talk about in the piece that toothpaste companies are doing research on that. why is that? guest: there are 700 or so, maybe up to 1000, different microbes in the mouth. it is a question of establishing a balance within the mouth so that the ones that cause cavities are kind of outcompeted by the ones that are beneficial, and i think toothpaste companies are looking to see if they can take advantage of that to make their products more effective. host: venture capitalists are also getting into the game. do we know how much money is putting into this research on the private side? gu

and doctor steven hyman, former director of the national institute of mental health at n.i.h. he's the director of the stanley center for psychiatric research at the broad institute. gentlemen, we welcome you both. dr. first, let me turn to you. why ts updated diagnostic manual so important? >> well, the reason it's so important is that the d.s.n. is the guide book that is used by all mental health professionals. it's crucial to their ability to practice. it defines all the psychiatric diagnoses and the psychiatric diagnosis, arriving at a correct psychiatric diagnoses is the first step in trying to pick the correct treatment for patients. it has an enormous influence on everybody's ability to provide the best treatment possible. >> woodruff: you ha a somewhat different take on the value of it. >> well, i think it's critically important, as dr. first said, for diagnosis and for insurance reimbursement, but i think that the d.s.n. is scientific early. the brain gives up its secrets grudgingly. we have to understand the d.s.m. as a set of guidelines to diagnosis of often very ser

another minus of dollars that flow into cdc further research and the national institutes of health and all of these. yet we see people with the ebt card can go into a liquor store and buy candy and soda with that or into caesar's and macquarie cp says and people don't cook anymore. >> host: let's leave it there. cynthia ogden, your thoughts. >> guest: we think of obesity is a complex problem. there's a lot of other contributing recess while. thinking about changes that have occurred related to snacking as he brought up. we are eating out more than we used to eat and spending more food dollars on restaurants and fast foods and things like that. our food portion sizes have increased. but we've eaten have changed. averages. we've seen a lot of these changes. it's a very complex problem related to the being taken how much you expand and how physically act if you are, which talking about. >> host: decisive affairs in the government need to campaign to tell kids to go out in play. allison not great, can you explain what happens at the federal level and that the first lady is doing and how of

he's a former associate director of the national institute of mental health and an expert who has writtenensively on the effects of trauma, including post-traumatic stress syndrome. and, doctor, as we've heard, these women were not only kept confined but physically abused, sexually abused over the years. what do they need right now in the short term. how do you treat a patient like this? >> one thing also is they've been denied a mother all that time and i don't know who their therapists are going to be but the therapist would not dig right into the worst that we've heard about. he would establish some comfort, a chance to take these young women as they are and i think it's very important for them to have a maternal presence. >> suarez: as horrific as elizabeth's smart story was, she was only gone nine months. we're talking about up to ten years in these cases and in the case of two of the women, missing major life transitions: finishing high school, moving from teenagerhood to adulthood. when a captivity has been this as long as, are there particular differences that arise when treating

the national institute of child health in the united states asked 18 men and women to, let their mind wander a little bit. then they played white noise intermixed with babies crying. guess what they discovered? >> i give up. >> men are unaffected by a crying baby. >> but women. on the other hand. kicks in. so, they, they did some scans. and i want to get up and help this crying child. exactly. exactly. [ baby crying ] >>> women immediately became more alert. as am i. i'm starting to twitch. i want to go save the 45 babies that are crying. and men, by the way their brains were in a rested state. are you falling asleep. >> when my daughter was young. i heard the crying, i didn't necessarily jump out of bed to stop it. you know what i am saying. >> not cool. >> the men hear it. >> the brain scan. you can't hide a brain scan. >> maternal instinct is something. we respect it. >> the paternal instinct. >> now go take care of that why i sleep. liposuction. a miami artist got liposuction decided not to waste the sucked out fat. >> ah. >> decided to make 20 bars of soap. there they are. 20 bar

this is a foundation modeled after successful examples to the national institutes of health, food and drug administration, which allow this collaboration between the usda in a wide range of scientific educational economic and statistical researchers should universities, industry and federal agencies and nonprofit organizations. the memo about there is the foundation to encourage, solicit private case of grand and other contributions for the benefit of our connection with food and agricultural science activities of the usda. would it be a 501(c)(3) that would aid usda research comment be chosen by secretary of agriculture and industry, academia and research that there is an congress annually. again, this is a motto which the nah and other agencies use to leverage private dollars in an area which i believe is critical. if you look at usda sponsored research today, it is less than 2.5% of the u.s. case budget and probably not much prospect that is going to grow any time soon. but the challenge we face in this country and across the world is one that desperately cries out for research and

>> guest: to think that is made at a hot topic at the moment is five years ago the national institutes of health became something called the human maker biome project and this was a collaboration at 80 universities and institutions around the country. about 400 scientists in a budget of $173 million. the idea was to study 300 volunteers to look at different parts of their bodies and find out but microbes lived there. they looked at that basic areas. the nose, the scan, the guts, the urogenital area. have i missed one? the skin. and they created a baseline of what is normal and human at the same time they also let that the connections to human health and disease. >> host: you read also that goes beyond universities and this venture capitalists getting involved via serial companies. why? >> guest: so, the idea to research and that the government was hoping to do, what the nih was hoping to do was bring the role of the maker biome to general public and the pharmaceutical industry and venture capitalists that they would take this a step further and application in everyday human medicine. >> host: fo