received scholarships and grants from the national endowment of the humanities, the franklin and e roosevelt institute. the hoover presidential library, and the lbj foundation. before found joining the faculty at the university of new york she taught palermo and rome. betty is the author of a number of books including first ladies, the ever-changing rule, which we will be talking about tonight. ladybird and lyndon the hidden story of a marriage that made president. the roosevelt women, and inside the white house. she currently resides in new york city, and sometimes, although not, now in venice italy. >> welcome betty. >> thank you very. much happy to be here. >> i know our audience is looking forward to this conversation, so we're going to have a read back and forth and they were going to go to questions from our audience. at the beginning of our, book you discussed the rule of the early first ladies and how they set important precedents. can you elaborate on those early first ladies? women such as martha washington, abigail adams, and dolley madison. how they influence the role. >> yes we know there was nothing in the constitution about what's president s