againstdefenses are nationstates. the threat profile has changed dramatically. cyber security, like other kinds of security, is asymmetrical. the defender has to be correct 100% of the time, but the attack only has to work once. defense is always going to be bigger as a challenge than attack. defense has to get much more sophisticated. we as an industry are still in the process of catching up to that. emily: marc andreessen, cofounder of andreessen horowitz. bloomberg lp is the parent tv and is bloomberg an investor in andreessen horowitz. there is a bubble in the private sector. and we have a special focus on virtual reality innovators. you're looking at one company transporting you -- we are looking at one company transporting you to a virtual world. ♪ emily: and now to the cloud. another strong quarter as it pushes further into europe. aneeldown with ceo bushri -- bhusri. aneel: the marketplace for financials is about twice the size of the hr market. you are excited about the prospects. emily: your ceo said you could be profitable. why focus on growth in this

now the defenses are against nationstates. the threat profile has changed.urity is inherently asymmetrical. the defender has to be correct 100% of the time. the attack on the needs to work once. if you make the attacks more sophisticated, the defense has to get much more sophisticated. we are in the process of catching up to that. emily: mark zuckerberg called u.s. surveillance the biggest threat to the internet. marc: i would never contradict mark in anything he says. i think there is an issue globally. every country in the world either does the kind of surveillance the kind of snow to revelations that show the u.s. -- the snowdon revelations show the u.s. does. , you have a company to figure out how to operate in a world in which every company is doing this or trying to do it. it has become a messy situation. emily: so many companies. do you think we are in a cyber security bubble? do you think some of these valuations are unsustainable? i was speaking with a cofounder who said a lot of these companies will not be around. living in an online world. we will

we can build a wall that is high enough or deep enough to prevent a determined nationstate adversary from getting into your system. they are selling you the brooklyn bridge. it does not exist. we are in an environment of risk mitigation and looking at other ways to address the threat. part of that is getting smarter and have been whole risk mitigation approaches defensively, but part of it also has to be doing what we've done in every other area throughout which is telling the bad guy in adversaries this is not cost free. it may be new but not permanently anonymous. you can get away with this without paying a penalty and we need to get better at increasing penalties. we reorganize at the justice department to retrain hundreds of prosecutors and we were structured to focus on nothing but to make sure when it came to the nationstate actors, when it came to terrorist groups and the national security threat, that we weren't leaving the criminal justice system off the table and we weren't repeating mistakes made pre-9/11 with terrorists, which was doing line person on one hand and intel o

the nationstates, vigor and more powerful ones like germany, and crisis hit states like greece. we asked the german people who they think sets the agenda. the survey showed 39% of germans believe that cb has the most influence. 36% say it is the european commission. 34% say germany set the agenda. surprisingly, almost 1/5 of those surveyed say countries like greece run the show. it seems germany is very divided over who is in charge in the european union. anchor: recent crises have shown just as much division among european members. keeping 28 different languages together is a tall order, not to mention an almost impossible task. some believe further integration could solve that problem. reporter: it's go for the united states of europe. this young lady might get to see it become a reality someday, but there's no such thing. visitors can walk the length of the eu in brussels. it's a place where visitors are encouraged to imagine a european republic. >> i see it as either we have a united states of europe that -- or our sovereignty will end up in different hands kerley. reporter:

the nationstates, vigor and more powerful ones like germany, and crisis hit states like greece. we asked the german people who they think sets the agenda. the survey showed 39% of germans believe that cb has the most influence. 36% say it is the european commission. 34% say germany set the agenda. surprisingly, almost 1/5 of those surveyed say countries like greece run the show. it seems germany is very divided over who is in charge in the european union. anchor: recent crises have shown just as much division among european members. keeping 28 different languages together is a tall order, not to mention an almost impossible task. some believe further integration could solve that problem. reporter: it's go for the united states of europe. this young lady might get to see it become a reality someday, but there's no such thing. visitors can walk the length of the eu in brussels. it's a place where visitors are encouraged to imagine a european republic. >> i see it as either we have a united states of europe that -- or our sovereignty will end up in different hands kerley. reporter:

this is a regional institution that agrees with this eu notion with a nationstate has to lose some ofts sovereignty in order to make sure that the cooperation becomes much closer, the integration becomes more intense. reporter: but there are signs of progress. asean countries want to establish a joint economic zone that allows free movement of labor and capital without tariffs at the end of the year. that poses a challenge for the asian economies, which are at very different stages of development. that's why they are looking westward. >> we will be able to gain knowledge from the eu, how it is narrowing the development gaps between the countries in the eu. reporter: but the eu cannot serve as a blueprint for asean. "if rotation that is common in much of asia. >> it would be not good for asean to say that europeans are impatient, but this is how we see them. but in asia, particularly in asean countries, we are patient. we will find ways to reach a common consensus on important issues. reporter: and consensus is one hallmark of a common cultural identity. that is something asean countri

this is a regional institution that agrees with this eu notion with a nationstate has to lose some ofts sovereignty in order to make sure that the cooperation becomes much closer, the integration becomes more intense. reporter: but there are signs of progress. asean countries want to establish a joint economic zone that allows free movement of labor and capital without tariffs at the end of the year. that poses a challenge for the asian economies, which are at very different stages of development. that's why they are looking westward. >> we will be able to gain knowledge from the eu, how it is narrowing the development gaps between the countries in the eu. reporter: but the eu cannot serve as a blueprint for asean. "if rotation that is common in much of asia. >> it would be not good for asean to say that europeans are impatient, but this is how we see them. but in asia, particularly in asean countries, we are patient. we will find ways to reach a common consensus on important issues. reporter: and consensus is one hallmark of a common cultural identity. that is something asean countri

is that an appropriate response, to have a nationstate hat with the personal information of 22 million and no direct response at all? rep. degette: i can't really comment about that, because a lot of that is classified information. dustin: are you concerned countries may see the was not responding as a way to open up more cyberattacks? rep. degette: even though the government is not responding publicly i know there are efforts to clearly identify and respond to those who were participating in those cyberattacks. part of it is making sure we can do this in a way that will be effective for those whose security was breached. host: cochair of the privacy caucus in congress and member of the energy and commerce committee, thank you for being with us. up next we will talk to the cochair of the congressional cyber security caucus. rhode island representative jim blanchard and is cochair of the congressional cyber security caucus. what is the purpose of this caucus? rep. langevin: it is bringing a group of members together concerned of a -- concerned on a single issue. we provide a forum for o

asaid -- isis is not nationstate. it is in all places in the middle east. we have to improve our intelligence capability and provide our intelligence to those country so they can find them and kill them. fourth, we need to provide the air power of the united states which is greater than any of those states. soften up those targets so that when those troops move in, they are moving into a soft and target that they can kill. i would want to give them the opportunity to do this first. now, if they could not do it on their own, then we have to go finish the job. if we don't, they are coming here. we know that. [applause] ofwill not be my option first resort, but it will be my option of next resort. i think that is what the american people would want. the number one job of the president of the united states is to check the lives and security of the people of the united states. president, whois still does not have a strategy for how to do with isis, and this secretary of state, former secretary of state running to -- running for president who wes she will get bac

isis is not a nationstate. this is not a set of borders. they are in iraq, and syria. we know they are looking to spread capabilities to other parts of the region. our intelligence capability has to be a large part of supporting these allies. that i did not mention american boots on the ground. i don't believe this is our time to do that. it is their neighborhood and we need to give them the opportunity to clean it up themselves. [applause] but as president, you cannot take the option off the table. you can't say you cannot under any circumstances send american troops to fight isis. circumstances can change, the situation deteriorates, and it can become an even bigger threat. but i think right now, given our history in iraq and the concern about america being an occupying force, we do not want to make the lead on this effort. we want to lead to come from the emirates and egyptians. would they need to know we are not going to back off support the first sample numbers go down. given the president contact with syria and iran, they need confidence rebuilt by a new commande

ever behind -- before. , we wereggest threat against organized crime, and now they are against nationstatesreat profile has changed dramatically. it is inherently asymmetrical. the defender has to be correct 100% of the time. so defense is always good to be a challenge. we're still in the process of catching up to that. emily: if you look at their portfolio there is a lot of that in this space. betty: they are also invested in number of cyber security companies. is there a bubble in cyber security investment? emily: many think that there is a separate security level happening, because i is getting out of control. valuations reach higher and higher. the interesting thing is you .ave a lot of niche companies but marc andreessen things we live in an online world, and this is a place where a lot of innovation can and should be happening. it certainly feeling a lot more optimistic. betty: thank you so much. emily chang of bloomberg west. apparently it is not easy being a millionaire. the billionaire behind minecraft says he has never felt more lonely, even walking out with celebrities. ♪ betty:

even notice nationst facing of the west, finding recruits in the united states. jihad today it exists as a place. i.s.i.s., a genocidal terrorist army controls large parts of two countries, and is gaining influence in others. and yet it fell into this nightmare. as the administration by its own administration has no strategy to stop it. they are pursuing a minimalist approach of incremental escalation. it's a graping u.s. involved, without strategic results, the worst of both worlds. a year of strikes and other half measures made little discernible difference in the total of the i.s.i.l. danger. a halting effort emboldened the terrorists. fallujah, ramadi and other cities are under the black flag of i.s.i.s. inside the cal fate, none believers are forced to convert, and those that do not expect horrible fate. a hatred is reserved for christians and other minorities, in the middle east, we are witnessing a mass persecution and exodus of the followers. all across the region, nor is allowance made for the appearance of islam or zeal for i.s.i.s., feeling mass graves

i would say,t risk two things, we are used to defending against nationstates.st 10:00 a.m. -- teenagers. 10 years ago was organized crime. the french profile has changed dramatically. cyber security, like other kind of security, terribly asymmetrical. the defender has to be correct 100% of the time, but the attacker only has to work once. so if you make the attacks more sophisticated, the defense has to get much more sophisticated. i think we as an industry are still in the process of catching up. thatnk we're coming up on specifically, and i would never contradict mark on anything. i think the reality is every country in the world is the kind of surveillance that the u.s. does. every country that does all that or wishes they could and trying to figure out how to do it. this is an issue in every single country around the world. if you are a u.s. company or another company trying to operate globally, you have to figure at how to operate in a country where -- in a place where everyone is either doing it or wishing they were doing it. cyber security has become suc

what do nationstates like china -- and that makes it a complex problem. there is no easy solution. for mild unit, and mike can correct this later, this is a huge submission to protect this country. they are the ones who stuck the new york city subway plot because they could read that communication. if not, that would have been huge. that is a discussion we have to have. the first part is, there is not an easy answer. the second part, that is a debate. i agree if there is a unique solution, it will come from some of our innovators in our tech community. that is what we should put on the table. all the problems. see, does anybody have a good solution we could live with? john: is there anybody in silicon valley who has technical solutions that would move the ball forward? christopher: there are no shortage of companies trying to race after this problem. i do think one practical solution we are not talking enough about everybody would agree we have a shortage of cyber security expertise and professionals. even in silicon valley, i cannot hire good experts fast enough to build the produ

more broadly put, the westphalian nationstate system itself is now under attack.his means in terms of terrorist policy, we have to focus on the strategic level, technical level and in fact it is relatively simple. now the latest development with the rise of isis, we have a self-proclaimed hostage taking state. in a sense we are referring to the older tradition, the geneva conventions become relevant again. but how do you apply them? how to westphalian nations dates defend themselves? the obvious answer is effective mobilization of the state system in addition to the necessary national response by government unless the coordinate a response by the community at several levels. governments, government activist groups, coalition, international organizations. much easier said than done as the current situation in the middle east demonstrates. the arab middle east is in political social collapse and the social anarchy of the major regional players standing on the scene with the ability to act to any degree, turkey, iran, saudi arabia and israel are hardly a homogeneous

for states to have roll -- rule of law, understanding the nationstate concept, that's a clear message we have to work on. that is our obligation. eric: great note to end on. i want to thank the panelists and the audience for great questions. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> on the next "washington journal," your phone calls and reaction to the republican presidential candidates debate. after that tom file and pilip bump discuss demographics of voter turnout since the late 1970's. plus, facebook comments and tweets on "washington journal," 7:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. later, a briefing on medicaid and housing policy. the first in a three-part series exploring the intersection of health and social policy. following new york city mayor bill de blasio recent 22 million dollar initiative on mental health and homelessness. held by the alliance for health reform. it starts at noon eastern on c-span. >> when the senate takes it's o

while we discuss nationstate oriented attacks is a lot of criminal activity to be dealt with in thatdeterrent isn't going to deal with that problem. we cannot forget we have citizens, men and women children affected by what is happening here. i want to make sure we balance the discussion between what goes on between nationstates and what is effect in people in our society. that is an important piece of this. the law-enforcement aspect is critical. >> in all honesty we should recognize all countries are racing forward in this area. all the meetings i've ever sat in the white house for both administration shows great concerns for doing this right, setting this up. every nation will create offense and defense of capabilities and a nice part about our country their civilian controls and how we use it on the president said that in his 2009 i cyberthat we look at the full spectrum. the military at activities to provide options to the president and the civilian leadership and how they want to respond. >> our hour is up. we thank our panelists. [applause] >> you can watch this four-month cyb

it proposes a new risk that is not totally unlike that of a nationstate. they don't have a capital city, although isis claims it has one. i don't have an economy we can target. they don't have a commensurable military force. they don't include local fighting forces who behead people and do these things, but also people they are inspiring around the world who do not carry a membership card. they go in line and become inspired and they can launch attacks against us. the risk of that continuing to spread israel. and the third, longer picture -- the one that will be the dominant 100 years from now when people look back, the one they will look at and say that is what shape the world is a relationship between united states and china. that will determine what the next century looks like. china is a rising power, the largest country in the world. they are expanding military capabilities, facing significant headwinds internally. they will grow as a country. how does china positivist rise balance with america's standing in the world? the status quo now is posing ris

. >> one of the things that preceded the failure of the nationstate of syria and the rise of isis wase effect of climate change and the mega-drought that affected that the symptoms or rather the conditions of extreme poverty that has led now to the rise of isil. nermeen: dr. saleemul huq, your response? to what extent are the conflicts in syria, iraq, etc., are exacerbated by climate change? can the creation of isis really be attributed to the effects of a changing climate? >> i don't think there's a direct attribution of the rise of isis is an organization to climate change, but there's no denying the underlying logic of the statement we just heard, which is that there was a continuing drought for quite a few years in syria that predates the conflict, the civil war, the rise of prices and caused migration and refugees going from the rural areas to the urban areas. and that is the kind of thing that climate change is likely to cause an future and a must certainly will cause future conflicts. nermeen: what does the declaration call on some of the muslim majority where producing countri

isis is not a nationstate, right? it is in syria, iraq, all kinds of cases in the middle east. we need to improve our intelligence capability so they can find them and kill them where they are. fourth, we need to provide airpower of the united states to soften up those targets, so that when those troops move in, they are moving into a softened target they can kill. and i want to give them the opportunity to do this first. now if they could not do it on their own, then we've got to go and finish the job. because if we don't, they are coming here. we know that. it will not be my option of first resort. but it will be my option of next resort. and i think that is what the american people would want your it because the president of the united states is to safeguard the security of the people of the united states. and i think even this president who still does not have a strategy for how to deal with isis and this former secretary of state running for president who says she will get back to us on that one, get back to us on the pipeline, actually get back to us on a number of other

elements would be nationstates like egypt and jordan and many of the gulf kingdoms. saudi arabia.would involve empowering local forces in iraq. the sunni tribes involves kurds as well. think it also involves the christian community, asking for them to defend themselves from these attacks may have experienced. it is accommodation of all these years. it would require u.s. leadership to bring it together. it will require u.s. involvement. technical, logistical, intelligent support. embedding special operations forces to help with training. and with strategic advice. ultimately, this is not just because we don't want to be in the fight directly but i believe the fastest and most endearing -- enduring way to defeat this movement is for sunnis themselves to defeat it. it has to happen that way. otherwise, the elements that made it possible are still in place. the resentment between sunnis and shiites. it's one of the reasons why isis was greeted as the liberator initially. when they reentered iraq, they were viewed as liberators. that was the view of many in the sunni community. they do

now the defenses are against nationstates.rity like other kinds of security, it is inherently asymmetrical. the defender has to be correct 100% of the time but the attack only needs to work once. moreefense has to get much sophisticated. we're still the process of catching up to that. i would never contradict market in anything he says, but i think there is an issue globally. every country the world either ,oes the kind of surveillance every other country either does all of that or wishes they could and is trying to figure out how to do it. this is an issue in every country around the world. a u.s. company or an international technology company , you have to figure out how to operate. it has become a messy situation. emily: there are so many companies and their very nature. -- niche. speaking with the titanium cofounder earlier and he said i think a lot of these companies will not be around. completely in favor of dominating the entire field. world living in an online to we will all have connected devices around us all the tim

what is happening to other organizations and is providing a situation with more or less solid nationstates now coming under attack by actors representing the self proclaimed entities as borders have become more open all of this legal trafficking activity is increasing exponentially. it's the system itself. in the terrorist and terrorist policy we have to focus on the strategic level in fact it is rapidly simple. now we have a self-proclaimed hostage state. so we are returning to the older tradition in the geneva convention to become relevant again. in addition to the necessary national response by governments it must be a coordinated response by the community of several levels government acting as group and in the international organization. much easier said than done of course as the current situation demonstrates. the middle east is in political social collapse into anarchy. the major regional players that are standing on the scene with an ability to act in any degree took to saudi arabia and israel as the group and only one of them is arab. they all opposed the hostage taking and have a

calls, and thee various nominations -- nationstions from other .ll wishing to share our grief some good things happened. in the city of charleston, s.c., services held in the heart of the black community. and acteds showed up .s if they were not afraid restaurant and while eating, the patrons kept coming to share the .ondolences don't try to pay for this meal. we just feel so bad as the city that this has happened. them, blacks it to lives matter. -- they acted as if to them black lives matter. the governor of the southern state said it is time for the .lag to come down ney wasstor pinck elected, such a young man elected, france said to him, you will finally be able to bring that flag off of that tax paid land. and he said it will not happen in my lifetime. and he was right, but it .appened that is some good stuff, isn't it? stuff?t is the bad the bad stuff, for me, is the guns. nation hasfair this with the guns. -- a like owning a pimple pitbull that keeps biting people and to keep defending it because you love it. that gun, the violence in their , when homicide takes place in the home

for the state to have rule of law, respect of international understanding to have a nationstate concept, that is a clear message we have to work on. that is our obligation. eric: that is a great note to end on. i want to thank the panelists and the audience for great questions. [applause] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015] >> as congress continues to review the a nuclear agreement president obama will speak about it at american university live at 11:20 a.m. eastern on c-span. it will cover a hearing on lifting the sanctions on iran as part of the new year deal. at 10:00 eastern on c-span three. >> our coverage of the aspen withity panel continues cyber security threats. a reminder you can see more of the forum at c-span.org. >> good afternoon. i'm a former assistant secretary for policy. a member of the aspen group.te's security i'm delighted to introduce our next section. we have talked a little bit about some of the threats and

elements would be nationstates like egypt and jordan and many of the gulf kingdoms. saudi arabia. it would involve empowering local forces in iraq. the sunni tribes involves kurds as well. think it also involves the christian community, asking for them to defend themselves from these attacks may have experienced. it is accommodation of all these years. it would require u.s. leadership to bring it together. it will require u.s. involvement. technical, logistical, intelligent support. operationspecial forces to help with training. and with strategic advice. ultimately, this is not just because we don't want to be in the fight directly but i believe the fastest and most endearing -- enduring way to defeat this movement is for sunnis themselves to defeat it. it has to happen that way. otherwise, the elements that made it possible are still in place. the resentment between sunnis and shiites. it's one of the reasons why isis was greeted as the liberator initially. when they reentered iraq, they were viewed as liberators. that was the view of many in the sunni community. they don't thin

elements would be nationstates like egypt and jordan and many of the gulf kingdoms. saudi arabia.olve empowering local forces in iraq. the sunni tribes involves kurds as well. we're asking for the ability to defend themselves. it is a combination of all these things. it would require u.s. leadership to bring it together. technical, logistical, intelligent support. i do think ultimately, this is not just because we don't want to be in the fight directly but i believe the fastest and most endearing way is for sunnis themselves to defeat it. it has to happen that way. otherwise, the elements that made it possible are still in place. it's one of the reasons why isis was greeted as the liberator initially. there was the view of many in the sunni community. they now see the reality of this group. it is critical they play a linchpin role in defeating this radical sunni movement. he would not have cooperation with the shiite militias? are basically extensions of the iranian government. they are part of this web of surrogates used to further their influence in the world. they are involved

of the tools, use of them aggressively and other contacts and frankly the use of tools by other nationstates like the chinese and russians to extend their reach but also exploit our vulnerabilities. i would say that responsibility lies largely at the treasury department the treasury department in concert with the intelligence community in concert with others but perhaps we need to be more aggressive and forward leaning in terms of the use of the power. one of my concerns with the deal as it is not clear we've considered fully the long-term implications for the use of power in this regard. >> chairman shall become a simple question i would ask undersecretary szubin is an incredibly talented professional to provide either 10 to 15 year contained a planned for the use of economic sanctions against iran when has that nearest euro breakout and unlimited enrichment capacity to plan should be in place today because that is fundamentally something everyone is concerned about because of sunset provisions we use our economic power over time and we should have that plan in place today and that should b

elements would be nationstates like egypt and jordan and many of the gulf kingdoms. saudi arabia.ring local forces in iraq. the sunni tribes involves kurds as well. think it also involves the christian community, asking for them to defend themselves from these attacks may have experienced. it is accommodation of all these years. it would require u.s. leadership to bring it together. it will require u.s. involvement. technical, logistical, intelligent support. embedding special operations forces to help with training. and with strategic advice. ultimately, this is not just because we don't want to be in the fight directly but i believe the fastest and most endearing -- enduring way to defeat this movement is for sunnis themselves to defeat it. it has to happen that way. otherwise, the elements that made it possible are still in place. the resentment between sunnis and shiites. it's one of the reasons why isis was greeted as the liberator initially. when they reentered iraq, they were viewed as liberators. that was the view of many in the sunni community. they don't think that way a

third, we need to provide them with intelligence because isis is not a nationstate. it is in syria, it is in iraq, it is in all kinds of places. so we have to improve our intelligence capabilities and provide that intelligence to those countries so they can find them and kill them where they are. and fourth, we need to provide the air power of the united states to soften up as targets so that when those troops move in, they are moving into a softened target that they can kill. and i would want to give them the opportunity to do this first. now, if they could not do it on their own, then we have to go and finish the job. because if we don't, they are coming here. we know that. >> [applause] mr. christie: and so -- it will not be my option of first resort , but it will be my option of next resort. and i think that is what the american people would want because the number one job of the president is to protect the lives and the security of the people of the united states. and i think even this president, who still doesn't have a strategy for how to deal with isis, and t

one taken in historical perspective on espionage as a timeless instrument of competition between nationstates and number two, scientific respective on technologies that potentially help us let the script on the economics buys and pirates targeting national industries and undermining national economic strength. to begin would have history that could help us here. the notion of intellectual property evolved over centuries as an enshrinement of the system of economic at work that day. in a report by the u.s. trademark office 75 out of 313 industries are categorized as ip intensive and they count more than 27 million jobs and 18% of all employment in the u.s. in 2010. according to the 2013 report by the commission on the theft of american intellectual property the u.s. loses $300 billion a year in i.t. theft. the report stated that might be the same protection overseas than it does here to add millions of jobs and encourage significantly more investment and economic growth. not all countries in the world are serious about protecting the rule of law based records and that perhaps the united states

canada says no need to keep this as a nationstate level.il that's resolved, nato willie won't play an active revolt because nato was responsible for territory the arctic circle. in the arctic, that means respecting other sovereignty and that means being able to defend iran's sovereignty. i feel that usm partners in europe are far away from being able to fulfill that requirement. thank you. >> before we go to questions or perspectives from the audience i was wondering if ambassador hardy or isaac would like to have been a reflection on what luke said. i don't want you guys to feel like you are booked in by heritage. >> the question of russia in this context is complicated. our view has been in spite of the differences and the problems we have a bilateral relationships as a result of what has happened in crimea ukraine, let's not mix the drinks. let's keep arctic issues separate and see if we can cooperate and do some good stuff together they are. it seems to me working on the art tick issues would be completely pointless. we are the biggest