collecting native american culture and integrating native american objects instead of american societys important for culture to see how these are unfolding at the same time and question what the links are. did native americans except these? of course they exercise their own agency figuring out how the counter these and what decisions they would make and how they would resist. i want to take a special case to discuss at least one native american group embarking on a full campaign to return their most important ones so what i am showing you on the screen in present day new mexico. what are they? representations often carved from wood that are cylindrical and they are enhanced. and this section there me be a number of other objects and offerings attached as we see in this drawing. they are expected to live in specialar shrines located in variouss places and it this is around 1886. each year the create images of war gods and place them at one of these crimes. every year it replaces existing ones. these are placed separate with other retired images so we see the current war gods in the fro

generations of activists, native american leaders, anthropologists and other people invested in native american rates along with many politicians involved ended up culminated in the passage. in many ways is not perfect, but it was that major landmark legislation at the time. so, in short what this require? native american brace repatriation expert requires federal agencies with seat c federalfunding to inventory at remains, objects associated in certain items of cultural patrimony. to make those inventories publicly accessible. it creates a framework for native americans and institutions regarding repatriation. it protects burials from further further disturbance requires tribes to be consulted. it criminalizes illegal trafficking. so this is a lot we are not going to cover all of it. which is federal law, many states have their own laws. from california it is human rights c law, it is cultural heritage law. it is cultural rights, religious rights many very important legislation. the smithsonian institution itself has sort of its own restitution situation centered on the national museu

the most important thingng is is a power dynamic i guess, just making sure that it is, native americanunities that are directing these sorts of commemorations, that there significant collaboration partnership at that the power dynamic within public history shifts towards native nations and away from, going away from other institutions. >> andrew denson is a professor of history at western carolina university. he's the author of numerous bookss and articles on native history, including this one, "monuments to absence" published by the university of north carolina press in 2017, and winner of the georgia historical society no award for the best book georgia history 2018. andrew, thanks so much for joining us. we really appreciate you bringing a lot into a big, big subject. >> thank you very much. it was good talking with you. >> if you want to know more about the georgia history festival check out george history festival.org, and george history.com. for everything about georgia historical society. thanks so much for joining us. >> c-span skimping 2024 coverage is your front row seat to t

butt they can never undo one thing, they are always going to beat native american. they are never going to be white. but if that is the case, it can they ever claim to be american? one of the things are going to talk about in the next couple of weeks it is what does it mean to be an american? we start here with native americans were going to talk about americans by choice if you will, next week. we start talking but immigration things like that. arece there any questions, concerns, issues at this point? all right, well good. i will see you next week and we will pick up and go from there. thanks guys. have a good one. >> if you are a joint american history to be signed up for our newsletter using the qr code on the screen to receive that weekly schedule of upcoming programs like lectures and history, the presidency and more. site for the american history tv newsletter today be sure to watch american history tv every saturday or anytime online at c-span.org/history. order your copy of the 118 congressional directory now available at cspanshop.org. it is short access to

and with that sort of captured is the extent to which the turkeys for many native americans dealing with united states, revolution and make essentially in an effort to future in which native nations within the united states this very vigorously expansive six, and it keeps coming back demanding more and more land and pressure on them. and so 19th century, the encourage the cultural social changes and the relationships with the native americans. the cherokees have reputation and historically is being more receptive to thes. changes. i think inat some ways, those romantic images and other images that circulated in american culture and so, turkeys tend to for political purposes tend to play out the idea that they have adopted elements of your american culture and society and economics in response encouraging those changes that is clearly an attempt to notify the united states and to make the case that can leave the cherokee nation alone and so the public rhetoricc often set the turkey leaders say will all well, this agriculture and you know we like we've left behind a hunch hunting economy a

. >> our topic today is were going to start with a discussion of native americans become native americans, visible to different discussions where having. i want to make clear that when not talk about the indian wars in this kind of lecture. that's going to be in a couple of weeks that we will use that as a way to link kind of wars throughout the 19th century all the way up to and including the spanish-american war. our focus is where kind of around that, thinking more legal policy and issues and such. the goal is to think in that broad 19th century way. our starting point is a couple key things we need to kind of deal with. the second half of our semester one of the big questions we're picking up i on is what does it mean to be an american? who can claim to be an american? that's one of the big questions that's going to kind of take us through the end of our semester into as we do with the 19th century. so in upcoming weeks will talk about immigrants, talk about the progress of air and things like that but i think this is a good starting point to think about who is claiming american statu

a lot of native american activists were fighting for this forever. and it finally happened. 110 years too late. the other way the story is in the news is, the indian boarding schools. here you had the pope going to canada only a few weeks ago to apologize for the way that the catholic church had handled indian boarding schools over the years and the trauma of that. we have this wonderful secretary of the interior, deb haaland, who has made it one of her causes to study both what happened in those schools, and the intergenerational trauma that ensued from that. kevin: most of the boarding schools now are closed, and good riddance. david: yes. kevin: those that remain are largely run by tribes themselves. it is a fascinating legacy, because they were, as you point out, there were -- the failings were obvious, and yet the students found a way to persevere and make something of it. david: and the -- and a lot of those students and their children became the lawyers and activists who have fought against that whole system, right? including kevin gover. [lau

james also urged americans to consider native americans as worthy as the same respect as everyone elseremember he consult, he becomes defensive has dreams, tragedy and failure suffers from loneliness, needs to cry as well as laugh. if americans follow this counsel basic compassion and acknowledgment it would make thanksgiving day 1970 a new beginning toward what james called a more humane america. a more indian america in which native people could and i called "regain the position in this country that is rightfully ours. there are so many reasons for americans to totry to tell the history of plymouth and think with three-dimensional wampanoag people at the center. thanksgiving is a focal point for considering the native american world and the nation's past. it's bad enough to have gotten the story s so wrong for so lon it's downright inexcusable to continually continue the annual tradition of having teachers politicians and television producers traffic in the thanksgiving myth. residential homes and shopping centers for of happy times and indians practices displays native people's very

so the big three groups that i mentioned of the native americans and african-americans and the women. >> yes and i wanted to definitely want to get to talking about asked her free but it wanted to start with this compelling you and the way that you open the book in the compelling view of this that shows the continent as being an indigenous place and i think that one really compelled by how you chose this image as a way to come into this and also how you set your book in the history of the revolution by starting it in what is known in the united states and the french indian war but known internationally as the seven-year war to point out also misnomer until it's a little bit about why you chose to highlight or centralize the continent as an indigenous place first and why you are so focused on starting this kind of history of the revolution it with the conflict especially on ohio. >> okay great thanks and really put the map for nicole is talking about of america in 1736. it is a great point, there is a real sense of why did american revolution happen, that's the wrong question to be ask

trigger the course of native americans and fellow americans and it is profound particularly for theirpa pluralistic country that is morally unacceptable to allow the celebration to damage part of the nation'ss people. all of the people where identity politics of time to focus on achieving justice and equality for the native american case, sovereignty as well. identity politics always centered on oppressing others but to public reflection about with justanksgiving white proprietorship of the nation. why should a school-aged child with the name of saint silverman identify more with the pilgrims and indians? after all and student is unlikely to defend from either group and defendants of both groups are fellow americans. if the student is taught to think of both pilgrims and indians like a historian, more passionately as they instead of asas we might be a step toward critical understanding of the past in which all the actors can be seen as more fully human and the virtues and shortcomings one would expect to find in any population. at the same time, the student is taught to think more inclu

it is a common feeling in native american circles. but the yellow birds had a secret weapon, carla's own aunt happened to be a no nonsense investigator determined to find the truth. here's andrea canning with the secrets of spirit lake. >> there's been a lot of sacrifice that went with this, on a personal level, you know. >> but you are never done? >> never done. >> her name is lisa yellow bird, her job defies description. investigator, interrogator, searcher of last result. the one people turn to in their very worst moments. >> this is backbreaking, this is 24/7. this is you living and breathing this. >> constantly. >> here is where lissa yellow bird works, sacred lands, teaming with beauty. but woven into the landscape or crimes that have gone on for years, even centuries. native american women and girls missing and murdered. more than 300 reservations make up what is still known as indian country in america. and in this country, the statistics are staggering. according to department of justice findings, four out of five native amer

what they don't really understand is that phoenix was actually very carefully chosen by ancient native americansand who have lived there since time immemorial, because phoenix is where three big rivers come together. so there's a large amount of surface water. there's also this native groundwater, fossil groundwater. and then we import colorado river water from western arizona into central arizona as well. so there is a lot of water. there's enough water for what we most value. i think the question is that there is probably not enough water for everything. so we really have to dial in on what are these things, what are these enterprises? what are these uses of water that we most value? joe: i guess we'll just keep jumping back and forth between the current time and history, the ancient era. but, you know, you mentioned that per the governor's new order, that if you want to build or grow in certain areas, you can still do it. you just have to find another source of water that's not the groundwater. that the hundred years of groundwater availability is essentially spoken for already. can you talk

i wanted to ask i don't want to leave this out about the native american piece. so you talked about how the population was declining due to disease due to war, due to other factors. but as the definition of the south expands to start, including things like oklahoma, where course there's a large native american population. so can you talk a little bit about while this is going on? singleton say, what do we see going on in the lead up to the civil war? it's getting back with a native american because that becomes, of course, very important after the civil war to, well well, as i said during you know, during 18th century, most of the south, though, the preponderance of the population was was steadily becoming more and more european, african and indigenous population was declining even after the american revolution. well, the 19th century, most of the south was still claimed native people and still occupied their what you see, though, from from the period essentially when the constitution and know in 1788 and you know up until the first two or three decades of the 19

bureau of ethnology, which is studying native american tribes. powell was actually far more sympathetic to native american tribes. and and that in the late 1800s and almost any americans were so thought their cultures were interesting and were studying and their languages that were worth preserving before. a lot of them were already starting to disappear. so but powell maybe biggest contribution in his in his washington career was that he a warning about our future national growth in patterns and our assumptions about national. so americans always had a sense of destiny about settling the frontier. you know, a god given domain us to settle and become prosperous. s and and the settlement patterns that had worked in the east, namely the homestead act, gave gave out acreage, 160 acre farms to anybody who could claim them and you know, a lot of a lot of that was very successful. but powell saw, when he came out to explorer, the colorado rockies and then the southwest, the 1860s, he saw that just wasn't going to work for the west. so there jussimply w

there was some belief that perhaps was built by native americans who lived here, but they were not reallynown for building stonewalls elsewhere, so that was a little out of line with what we have seen elsewhere. all sorts of almost fantastical rumors about these walls have circulated over the years. when we went out to say, ok, it is 2023, like, what is going on with these walls, we discovered there is still a little element of mystery. we kind of only have a best guess about what these walls were for. they are most likely property boundaries or were used to contain livestock. they were most likely built by european settlers because they are very similar to what you might see in ireland or something. kristen: that is as good as we are going to get for now. thank you so much. by the we new book is "bay curious: exploring the hidden stories of t ♪ california sky ♪ ♪ todos alcanzamos las estrellas ♪ ♪ sunny state of mind ♪ ♪ flexin' all the time ♪ ♪ todo es dorado ♪ ♪ y nos gusta picante ♪ ♪ cause this place is caliente ♪ ♪ 'tamos enchilado ♪ ♪ feels so golden ♪ ♪ livin' in the golden state

the the hessians and native americans, they bring their wives as well or in morrissey. if so, what were the interactions with either british or american and with, you know, say with the allies on the american side or the british side? they were there. yeah. if you had native americans who would bring their entire families of their communities with them into the camps, they did this to the american forces. they certainly did it with the british forces. you see a lot of this after, the clinton sullivan campaign in the you know, the whole mohawk area when they up north and became refugees, encamped around british garrisons to be cared for or at least to get some supplies from the british troops that they helped. this includes some the native american allies who went to the americans is they came singly. one warrior, often you would have multiple warriors and they could come with their entire families, with expectations that the families would be for at the same time. so there was a more of a community orientation for many of them. yeah. and to the point about, the hessians,

the acts require institutions to return native american remains and cultural items.here's a major lack of funding and planning, he says. jim: it's been 30 years that they've had to get this done. candice: data from the audit shows among the ucs berkeley had the largest collection by far, at nearly a half million items. the yellow and blue represent what's been returned to tribes. the pink represents what remains in berkeley's possession, still more than 300,000 items. internal audit documents obtained by the investigative unit through a public records request show berkeley estimates that it will take 10 more years to completely repatriate its collection and cost $1.5 million annually yet the chancellor only earmarked $470,000 to get it done. jim: and that's concerning considering how much time has passed since the requirements were established. candice: berkeley is not the only uc estimating another decade for repatriation. adams' team found the uc office of the president has not prioritized returning remains. nakia: we're talking about returning our ancestors back h

you don't get more native american than dawn stevens. wasn't he the husband from "bewitched." cares? no heckling. [laughter] dawn stevens, sounds like the name bill hamrick gives when he stays at the inn and not by the airport. i'm sorry, i prefer my indigenous people to have more integers names like chief running bear or liz warren. [laughter] in the ice cream maker's def defense, you can see anywhere in america or in the world in fact, once belonged to someone else. my apartment is actually over at old burial ground. i know this because i did the burial. in fact, even the indian tribes that wants mount rushmore back up early took it from other indian tribes. if you are sincere, ben & jerry's to you should start with your own hq. i'm sure there are plenty of native americans more than willing to dispossess you of your no doubt multiple homes. and you could give away all their homes and still rent one from bernie sanders. [laughter] you came up with those 98 flavors on stolen land. and not one of them named after a tribe or a chief. there's no reservation repole. smoke signal

this policy in the infamous words, the only good india is that dead. indeed, the genocide of native americans of north america lead to a demographic catastrophe. the exact number of deaths is still unknown, but the number of victims in millions having been a majority on the continent before being digit, as people make up less than 3 percent of the us population today. the, the, the under boyles in niger tells crowds, attack the friendship se, and protest stuff to the former colonial power cuts all way to the west african states. following an electric good staging, reacted tokyo's, accusations of the country of japan biggest test blasting it as part of us and we're campaign against china is legitimate defense. like typically if we sever, we suffer about the winning from, from about a push from the west to the couple its dependence on imports from china. cooper, security concerns the.

we have about 9000 years of human between early white settlers native americans and african-americans. and again if you've never been the great smoky mountains park, you have to see it. you may have to see me there. but let's move on to main story. i can't let you all to look at this screen and just think about the history, as i just talked about human vestiges and date about when you come to the smokies what history may what what will you think about what comes to mind when you're driving this scenic view they're looking over the overlook on the left here you'll. see the civilian conservation corps members, it's probably circa 1930s here. the civilian conservation corps really helped, you know, this park established and they maintained trails and cemeteries and built things and everything goes on. you're right. you see the job cuts of 18 corps members in it circa 1960s and they did the same job it just as the csis. when you look at these, the reason i've put this up here is a lot of times when people come to the smokies, they only about, you know, the history such as the civilian con

you don't get more native american than the husband in bewitched.n stevens, sounds like name bill hemmer gives when he stays at the red roof inn by the airport. i prefer traditional names like chief running bear or liz warren. in the cries cream maker's defense, everywhere in the world once belonged to someone else. my apartment is over an old burial ground. i know this, i did the burying. the lacotah took it from other indian tribes. ben and jerry's, since you live in vermont, give away all your homes and rent from bernie sanders. you came up with 98 flavors on stolen land and not one named after a tribe or chief, no reservation ripple, smoke signal sorbet, peace pipe pistachio, big cover-up. you made your ice cream from the milk of cows who never consented, right? we had the me, too, movement, maybe it is time for moo, too, environment. cent center for disease control -- how biological men can chest feed children. men can take drugs and breast feed like women, which means b and j, stop taking milk from cows who can't consent and get the milk from

one american native american indigenous chief to achieve the land.ith how, i rode a column about this and they themselves were probably going to have property or land that was not there. >> you can feel it coming. i love the story. this is why ben & jerry's should keep doing what they do best. nobody wants politics from their ice cream. i've been saying this for like five years because you remember how heavy it got during the blm rights. my white parents would yell at me for having too many ice ice cream. it is not supposed to work that way. >> piers: there are incredibly irritating. has taken a bit of a stock hit. they're not going to put up with it any more. just sell the products. they say that they are not straight anymore, they are lgbtq. it has tripled in 13 years and now five times the national average. i learned this is genuine or what is happening? >> this happened at brown. they call it just so woke up. you have got to consider the source that is going on here. they are reading a market. number one piece of capital that you can have his vic

you are dealing with generational trauma of native americans and massive, massive ptsd, depression andin injuries, for veterans. people that we should be supporting at all costs. and so those two constituencies, i call them the tip of the spear, that is what we have to do, we have to have a coalition here, of compassion, in secret, we have to learn our lessons from the cannabis campaign, underway on the hill for years, and build a broad coalition of the far right, far left, native americans, veterans, capitalists, healers, scientists, it has to be guided by healing, and by scientific, empirical research. this is not about -- >> you mentioned veterans, that's an important part of the message, one that resonates with everyone, especially on capitol hill, there's suicide rate is higher than the general public, so i wondered is a veteran community, are they helpful in pushing this forward? are you hopeful there it. visit noom.com and start your trial today. ♪ upbeat music ♪ ♪ [ tires screeching ] director: cut! jordana, easy on the gas. force of habit. i gotta wrap this commercial, i think

some believe native american the native american community believes they might have magical healing properties they sometimes request water from the owners they use it as a private rental event center. the water apparently is delicious and water was the most important ingredient for english style brewing, which is why he chose the site. kristen: that is fascinating. can anybody just rent it for your event and --? >> it is a little more complicated than that. there are been some incidents where people have climbed into the natural pools which are in these 200 foot caverns that were hand carved in 1870. and breaking the drains and unfortunately creating a lot of costly repairs. so the owners now do not run tooth on airbnb on airbnb. but it is still available. they have weddings there and different parties. it is just a little bit more selective. kristen: before you go, i want to ask you, are there remembers it may be haunted? >> yes. there have been rumors throughout its history that there have been ghost sightings and strange noises. but according to the owners, only thing they have heard our r

this is its first retrospective for a native american artist. why now?ppened is george floyd, black lives matter and standing rock brought issues to the fore about the lack of representation in our institutions in this country. every part of our society needs representation by all its citizens. >> reporter: born on the flathead reservation in montana, citizen of the confederated salish and kootenai tribes, jaune quick-to-see smith received the name quick-to-see a child. >> people think that's a great name for an artist, but any of us that carry these names, often they are old family names. it is really about insight. insight into things. >> reporter: her affinity for art would come later. >> when i met paint, it was like an ephiphany. i didn't know artist or what it meant, but i went to a community college and took art. at the end of the year, the teacher called me in and said, you know, you can draw better than the men, but you can't be an artist. you're a woman and you need to know your place in life. >> reporter: but smith knew her place was in the ar

are black, but make up 26% of the un-housed population. 1.3 percent of californians identify as native americand to 12% of the unhoused population. dr. margo is principal investigator of the study heading the homelessness and housing initiative at ucsf. thank you so much. you have been researching homelessness for quite a long time. what surprised you? >> the things that are worth pointing out, nine and 10 people in this study lost stable housing in california. there's a lot of mythology around people coming to california because of the warm weather. we did not find that at all. i think the next thing that really stuck out was how much homelessness was being driven by economic factors. the median household incom of our participants in the month before becoming homeless was only $960 a month. in california, the median cost of a one-bedroom apartment is $17 a month. when we asked what was happening in people's lives before they became homeless, they often had an income shock, they had hours cut, someone lost their job. then they became homeless because they could not pay rent. once they became ho

the only good india is a dead indian, the genocide of native americans of north america lead to a demographic catastrophe. the exact number of deaths is still unknown, but the number of victims is in millions. having been a majority on the continent before the indigenous people make up less than 3 percent of the us population today. so of course you look at the smart tv interval of media. so you may see my man by this new might from the queen's at least equal the 400 sort. i knew more to portion of a circle. i'm going to be wife some more theater. i'm asked a question. so would you the 1st at the origin of the class, i'm from vintage to music up order, but you've heard of crew bar i'm, i'm not sure what's the pledge of to are theater. you page him. i to you the most important thing when you have a chef and you will get is what we have a problem with it because it in your t. c by far couple moving i see on the the symptoms the sign example possible. my goal is to put this product to control style. well, that's a problem for us, but you have mind, you've got the, the developer. sorry. i was tal

and then once native americans had their own individual allotments in fee, simple, essentially it as individuals own it the power to sell. there are all kinds of ways that people would be mired in debt and forced to sell, all kinds of ways that people would be assigned as wards to various guardians by courts who then would would sell the land themselves often would buy the land themselves and profit from it. and it's one of the reasons why i, you know, landholding during that period. tribal landholding fell by two thirds. and it's why if you look at maps of reservation it's today, often they look like checkerboards. if you look at who owns what, where there are all kinds of non-native people living in reservation and and it's a issue that continues to define what life is like in indian country. so, you know, there are three and for some of the administrators on the federal side including people like oliver otis howard was the freedman's bureau administrator who then rejoined the active duty military and and in fought in the nez perce war and and fought other wars to in some allotment

they're losing perhaps 44 veterans to suicide a dated and then we have native american youth, teenagersis suicide. for teenagers and so you're dealing with generational trauma for native americans and dealing with massive ptsd depression, anxiety, brain injuries for our veterans. the people that we should be supporting at all costs and so, those two constituencies, i call them the tip of the spear. that is what we have to do. we have to have a broad coalition, kaitlyn, of compassion. and a very sacred effort. we have to learn our lessons from the cannabis campaign that has been underway on the hill for years and we have to we have this build this broad coalition of far right, far left, native americans, veterans, capitalists, healers, scientists. it has to be guided by healing and by scientific empirical research. this is not about -- >> you mentioned veterans there. and i think that's an important part of this message, especially one that resonates with everyone, but especially on capitol hill. because their suicide rate is higher than the general public. so i wonder, does the veteran

this policy and the income is worth the only good india is that dead indians, the genocide of native americans of north america led the exact number of debts is still a note. but the number of victims is in millions having been a majority on the continent before the indigenous people make up less than 3 percent. the the the phrase as to the last 2 days will continue dates and then we may expect to the escalation. because i don't see any associated demand for peace in your vision. there's no peace settlement. so let's choose to aggravate situation. ok, so you decided to keep up. this was in the interest of us on the the .

who is also, she's the first native american to serve in any cabinet, under any president. yes. you can give that a hand. [applause] she is a laguna pueblo citizen and was the first native american woman to be elected to lead a state party in her home state of new mexico and one of the first native american women to serve in congress. so she's a living embodiment of something that i have seen throughout my career and my life and experienced in everywhere i go, which is that diversity and excellence go hand in hand. so thank you very much, secretary, for being here. and that idea that diversity and excellence go hand in hand is also fundamental to president biden's vision for what a strong and resilient economy looks like. he talked about and challenges us all to build an economy from the middle out and the bottom up. and in order to do that, we have to be very clear-eyed about who has for too long been at the bottom. who are the communities, who are the individuals, who are the families where workers do not enjoy a just day's pay for their hard day's work? where a worker gets up

that is because 18% of black americans% of black americans, 17% of latino americans and 50% of native americans have diabetes compared to 7% of white americans. because diabetes diagnoses are less likely when people have access to resources, diabetes prevalence is inversely related to household income. individuals are in less than $30,000 a year are three times more likely to have diabetes than those make more than $80,000. low income americans in rural and urban areas are likely to develop diabetes, experience complications from poorly managed diabetes and die younger than higher income americans. these cost disparities become even more acute during the recent pandemic and economic impact. americans with diabetes and other related underlying health issues were hospitalized with covid 19 six times as often and died of covid 1912 times as often as those who did not have diabetes. one in 10 coronavirus patients with diabetes died within one week of hospital admission. americans with diabetes accounted for 40% of covid 19 fatalities nationwide. despite making up just 10% of the us population at th

state of new mexico and or the first native american women to serve in congress.he is a living embodiment of something i have seen throughout my career and my life and experienced everywhere i go which is diversity and excellence go hand-in-hand. so thank you very much secretary for being here. i bet i did that diversity goes hand-in-hand is fundamental to president biden's vision for what a strong and resilient economy looks like. it talks about in challenges us all to build an economy from the middle out in the bottom up. and it orderve to do that we hae to be very clear i'd about who has for too long at the bottom. who are the communities, who are the individuals who are the w families where workers do not wear a worker gets up in the morning and is notrn sure he or she is going to come home safely at the ende of the day. where whole communities have been shut out of opportunities in the past and today and shut out of the opportunities to get good jobs due to discrimination, segregation or other forms of marginalization. it is also not an accident those same co

from native americans who once inhabited the lands of the presidential park to enslaved persons who labored to build the white house to the families who called it home. as a teacher i have always believed that education is the foundation of our democracy. that principle is reflected in the executive mansion and in the tireless work to preserve it. you the association help us remember the past so that we can continue to build a nation that lives up to our own timeless ideals. the pursuit of justice and equality the honor of service. and the strength of our unity. and as we make our way through this pandemic the association has helped our administration continue to connect with the people that we represent through virtual guides and an ever-growing body of historical scholarship. all of you here tonight are helping to -- the next chapter of this work with your time your talents and your treasures. thank you for your dedication to education and to honoring our country's history. since most americans can't yet visit the white house because of the pandemic. i've tried to bring the white house to