native american objects were not only created in one period of time and frozen in space and time native americans created new objects with ideas, motifs, reactions to the kinds of experiences they had. at this bag from the 19th century and the museum of art was made by a group probably in north dakota in the united states and probably when the community was forced to live on a reservation so we are talking about a continued tradition that isn't frozen in time buthe of course the impression of frozen in time is the impression that you get in the traditional museum displays for example the northwest coast hall we talked about in the past when we talked about calls to d colonize the seum so in the early 20t century the cultural heritage of northwest coast native communities was presented very much in displays like whis where a number of different objects were seen total poles, we are seeing masks and objects that are of everyday use in glass cabinets. all these objects are united and put together in one exhibit. of course in the original communities these objects wouldn't be seen together

it's cherokee history i suppose but it's it's a history of how native american images and native american memories, i guess who say have circulated within a broader american culture and that's that's a deliberate choice on my part. i mean what i can contribute i think is you know in some ways your critique of various representations of colonialism. i cannot and and never claim to speak for cherokee history in this this kind of monolithic way and as i say, i mean cherokee people don't need me to tell them what their history is in the church people know the knowledge the knowledge is there the other thing i would add is. part of how our institution western carolina has kind of responded these partly to the colonial history of higher education has been as much as possible to orient our native american studies programming and our initiatives toward a series of strategic partnerships with the eastern band focused on things like cherokee language native american health. and so what we really define what we're doing in color as is sort of honoring a set of i mean ideally honoree a set of obligat

i find the use of native american historical images in non-native culture at least in part as a way of reckoning with american place, with turning those places into homes for southern communities and their able to do this in part in a way that doesn't spark controversy because there's this assumption thatnative americans are gone . either cherokee people and cherokee descendents all through this time and cherokee communities in northern carolina a lot of the culture starts with this assumption that native americans are gone as far as race isconcerned in the south , it's this biracial landscape. as opposed to something more complex because you have this assumption of native american disappearance it's permissible for settler communities to commemorate and even claws i apologize for r something like removal. and in doing so these are rituals that help i think settler communities become more home in these former indigenous homelands so one of the most surprising othings in my research was the extent to which removal commemoration didn't spark controversy even during times when states like

we start here with native americans and we talk about americans by choice if you will next week. are there questions, concerns at this point? all right. then i will see you next weekend we will pick up with immigration and go there. thanks guys, have a good one. charter is proud to be recognized as one of the best internet providers and we are just getting started building 100,000 miles of new infrastructure to reach those who need it most. welcome to week nine of

i mean, using the idea of americanness as craig will but the native americans were really looking to so anything is with american and people were capable of working harder, the way they should if they were only given the model and the opportunity. and so this is strategic language use in the increase of the words and very aware that was the united states it had negotiated for the freedoms and for the land ownership, let the former slave owners. some of them align themselves with white americans and the definitions of civilization and productivity. as for five people look to move west, we see some of them also using these ideas about native americans laziness or lack of productivity or civilization. in effect for the most famous african-american leaders in the 19th century really of all times, frederick douglass gave several speeches we spoke about african-americans might find land of peace in the west and how the states should support this endeavor financially. but to support this appeal, douglas immigrated native americans so it is speech to the american enterprise the city of 1869,

this whole process of assimilation isn't just happening with native americans. we talk about immigration, this process of how does one become american, we talk about settlement houses in the progressive era. they are different but have similar goals in mind as the boarding schools. boarding schools that are going to be created in the 19th century. richard henry pratt gives us the idea, the idea that by teaching and immersing, white middle-class american culture, race the limitations created by being native american and enter into the modern world. and the united states, it is the carlisle school. it is run by richard henry pratt. richard henry pratt, at fort marion, in florida. during what i referred to as the dakota war, the great sioux war, in 1876, pows from that war were taken to florida and held at fort marion, pratt was in charge of the pows. he got this idea, these pows are trained the they could return to the great sioux reservation and return out west and be emissaries for american culture. works with the hampton institute in virginia which was created i

we were owned by native americans. in the 1830s they along with her chickasaw and choctaw indian others part of a jury we know today as the trail of tears making their k way to oklahoma which was then known as indian territory. during the civil waril the ownes fought for the confederacy and when the confederacy lost the united states government forced my family's owners along with other native american slaveowners to free the slaves and provide them with land. and so in about a minute i just reframed people think i about slavery, the civil war and reconstruction.. all of these events that are so important to this countrys history were different from my family because they lived within indian nations, not within the united states retelling and reshaping this history is the core of my book, "i've been here all the while." one of the key themes of my book is what ithi means that native americans adopted slavery in the first place peer ideas about race and black inferiority that we used two only associate with white people

among the mostly native american fans, they're superstars. >> you're a huge inspiration to the natively connect with a younger generation. >> real life stories about what happens on the reservation, we can all relate to it. >> everyone i talk to has a sense of pride to see two men on stage who looked like them with a similar backstory to them. >> we know the platform we have, we want to leave a good legacy. >> reporter: the brothers say they're in a good space with a career and calling. >> i like to say not all storms come to destroy your life. some storms come to clear your path. you got to remember, rain helps things grow. let that make you stronger. >> reverend dr. bishop cardinal. >> hey, i'm sorry. >> bone. season three of "reservation dogs" is out now on hulu. >>> next, a rare celestial treat has people worldwide dancing in the moonlight. my skin, thanks to skyrizi. ♪(uplifting music)♪ ♪nothing is everything♪ i'm celebrating my clearer skin... my way. with skyrizi, 3 out of 4 people achieved 90% clearer skin at 4 months. in another study, most people had 90% clearer skin, even a

>> byron: the love for duo was palpable. ♪ dream big work hard ♪ >> byron: among these mostly native americanre a huge inspiration to the native communities. >> i think they really connect with the younger generation. >> they took real-life stories about what happens on the reservation. we can all relate to it. >> byron: i was struck, everyone i talked to has a real sense of pride, right? that they saw two men on the stage who looked like them, who had a similar backstory to them. >> they look up to us. the platform we have. we want to leave a good legacy. >> byron: the brothers say they're in a good space. they have a career and a calling. >> i like to say, not all storms come to destroy your life. some storms come to clear your path. you got to remember, rain helps things grow. you've got to let that make you stronger. >> byron: reverend doctor bishop cardinal funnybone. >> hey, that's right. >> juju: our thanks to byron. season three of "reservation dogs" is out now with new episodes streaming each wednesday on hulu. >>> coming up, grin and bear it. the controversy over whether this bear i

and it became increasing interval to the white americans citing markets also encouraged by the nativeple become slaveholders they of course really the height of economic success pretty and there is a time when indian tribes to on various facets ofou american culture ending ignored those that did not sue them for example, religion and american - were two things that most people and the foundation the nation in which all members of my family, do not embrace those until arguably the early 20th century printed in the native people of this country are picking and choosing what they're interested in with the care about what many the wealthiest and most influential members of five indian nations enslaved by people with my family members of these are these five types ofe chickasaw, creeks, seminal in turkey. and you probably heard of these tribes socially and whose lightly because their covid-19 vaccination efforts. and so in addition to slavery these five tribes also do things like creek newspapers a model of european-american newspapers edit government structure similar to that it was my st

the fundamental difference between european ways of land ownership andow native american ways of landownership is native people held net land communally as a group. whereas europeans held land privately. >> fascinating. one of the questions we q have s one of our listeners said was in that family tree on the question was when did the indians and the settlers start intermarrying, do you know? >> that almost never intermarried but is not to say they did not have sex plate pley examples of that almost from the very beginning. but to my knowledge there is only a one case on a record during the 17th and 18th centuries of a formal marriage takingal place. what is especially striking about that, we cannot say for certain whether to adjust the english or the english on the whop analysis whose values leading to the lack of intermarriages. i suspect it's the english. native people widely engaged in intermarriage with their foreign allies in order to secure their diplomatic relationships. what is especially striking about the lack of marriages between the groups is a sizable percentage were chri

i suspect it is the english because native americans -- native people widely engaged in intermarriagewith foreign allies for diplomatic relationships. what is striking about the lack of marriages between the groups is that a sizable percentage of lumpen dogs were -- wampanoags were christian. religion was fundamental to these colonists' identity but as soon as native people become christian, the standard for who is awesome and who is them -- who is us and who is them again to shift. i am a scholar of race as well as native america and one of the quite clear patterns in colonial history is that as indigenous people and enslaved africans adopt christianity, the language of race, especially the identity of white begins to supersede the european identity of christian in the american context. >> fascinating. with that, a short time so i'm going to give you sort of lightning rod questions. and one of them is, can you talk about the federal recognition of the wampanoag groups and when did that happen or did it happen? >> right. i will try to make a complex legal process as concise as i possi

although it does get tricky in certain cases native american women were not enfranchised. ferent states had different ideas about legal rights of native people. some were relatively progressive. horganan was notably not progressive at all.h even after the 19th amendment was passed in 1920 native american women some native american women still were not enfranchised. it's very difficult to make a local statement. i would have to look att each state and seat. but generally yes if you could, yes. if you could prove that you were a citizen i would say yes you could vote. >> thank you. next question, where they are traditional this is" traditional women who worked against women's progressive day that women who help defeat the era. >> a yes.s there was a very vigorous anti- suffrage movement w is called te anti- suffrage party. they were in fact george patton's mother beatrice i think it's beatrice patton. lead the troops in calvert he grew up in california. they said if women gotot the voe they would grow mustaches. [laughter] that men would have to stay home and change the diape

including minority women, minority women, although, it is tricky in cases where native american womenwere not enfranchised, different states have ideas about the legal rights of native people, some were relatively progressive. oregon was not progressive at all. even after the 19th amendment was passed in 1920, native american women still, some were not enfranchised. it is difficult to say in a statement, i would have to look at each state but generally, if you could -- if you could, if you could, if you could prove that you were a citizen, i would say yes, you could vote. >> thank you. next question. were there traditional, this is in quotes, traditional women who worked against women's progressive politics, the women who help defeat the era? >> yes. there was a vigorous anti-suffrage movement, it was called the anti-suffrage party. they were in fact, george patton's mother. beatrice patton. she led the troops in california. and they said that if women got the vote they would grow mustaches, men would have to stay home and change the diapers and the within would be cavorting around in

>> minorityde women although it does get tricky in certain cases native american women were not enfranchised different state have different ideasas of native rights of people. it was notably not progressive. in 1920 are native american women, they were still not enfranchised. generally, if you could prove you were a citizen, you could vote. >> with more traditional, traditional women who work against women progressivera politics as it were in our day, women who helped defeat the era. >> there was very vigorous anti- suffrage movement called anti- suffrage movement in the interest and in california they said if women got the vote it would have mustaches but men would have to stay home and this idea that women would convert with men, there is a very vigorous anti- suffrage movement in both places but with more vehement. >> i am impressed these women accomplish so much with equal requirement. you are 15. she had her five or six children. they developed one homestead and lost it all in the legal maneuver. then he got hurt in the accident and could never work again so abigail moved the whole fami

horrible moments for native americans. i would i would say it's in this moment where the us government really goes all out and makes it you know the full policy to dispossess native people of their land and replace them with white settlers. this really wasn't something new the us and other colonial powers in north america have been carrying out genocide and and dispossession of native american people for hundreds of years. but the civil war acted as cover for american lawmakers to explicitly make native land dispossession of a policy of the federal government and so in 1862, we've heard about the the congressional acts of that period the homestead act the pacific railroad act the moral act even all of these were legislation that focused on a dispossession of native people and not you know, the dispossession of sovereign indigenous nations, not just individuals but sovereign indigenous nations, and these are sovereign nations at long predates the existence of the united states, but this was a policy intended to remove them f

powell was far more sympathetic to native american tribes in that era in the late 1800s that almost any americans were they thought their cultures were interesting and worth studying their languages are worth preserving before a lot of them ready starting to disappear. the biggest contribution in his washington career was that he sounded a warning about our future and national growth in the patterns and assumptions about national growth. it's been a sense of destiny about settling the frontier. from a settlement patterns in the east came in the homestead act give out one or 60-acre farms to anyone who could claim them. a lot of that was very successful. powell saw when he came out to explore the colorado rockies in the southwest in the 1860s was just not going to work for the west. on the 100 meria was din as the line where farming could not succeed really set on the scale he had in the east of the midwest. t the type of settlement practices have been successful in the midwest were simply not going to work in the far west. certainly in the southwest. there is no way a farm of 160 acres

bureau of ethnology, which is studying native american tribes. powell was actually far more sympathetic to native american tribes. and and that in the late 1800s and almost any americans were so thought their cultures were interesting and were studying and their languages that were worth preserving before. a lot of them were already starting to disappear. so but powell maybe biggest contribution in his in his washington career was that he a warning about our future national growth in patterns and our assumptions about national. so americans always had a sense of destiny about settling the frontier. you know, a god given domain us to settle and become prosperous. s and and the settlement patterns that had worked in the east, namely the homestead act, gave gave out acreage, 160 acre farms to anybody who could claim them and you know, a lot of a lot of that was very successful. but powell saw, when he came out to explorer, the colorado rockies and then the southwest, the 1860s, he saw that just wasn't going to work for the west. so there just simply

i wanted to ask i don't want to leave this out about the native american piece. so you talked about how the population was declining due to disease due to war, due to other factors. but as the definition of the south expands to start, including things like oklahoma, where course there's a large native american population. so can you talk a little bit about while this is going on? singleton say, what do we see going on in the lead up to the civil war? it's getting back with a native american because that becomes, of course, very important after the civil war to, well well, as i said during you know, during 18th century, most of the south, though, the preponderance of the population was was steadily becoming more and more european, african and indigenous population was declining even after the american revolution. well, the 19th century, most of the south was still claimed native people and still occupied their what you see, though, from from the period essentially when the constitution and know in 1788 and you know up until the first two or three decades of the 19

tribes and was more setic to native american tribes so he got there dodgers were interesting and languagerchasing and a lot of them are starting to disappear but the biggest contribution in his washington career was he sound a warning about our future national growth and patterns so americans had a sense of destiny about selling the frontier, a god given to me to become prosperous in the settlement patterns in the east, 160-acre farm to anybody who could claim them and a lot of that was successful but when he came to explore the rockies he saw that wasn't going to work so there simply wasn't enough water and he redefined the line so he tried to sound the warning for the settlement practices successful in the midwest that would work in the far west and southwest, no way of farm of 160 acres in arizona whatever be able to, it just wasn't for a lot of places and soil wasn't great. he made it clear water was the secret to settlement in the s wt and a lot of the country didn't want to hear that. the price to be paid was there were hundreds of thousands of farmers looking and they were failures

this, this focuses directly on our native american tribes, our native american citizens who have athect connection with the natural features in our country. and, to them, for them, these are veryit significant. it is a part of their culture, it is a part of their values and religion. so, and, all of the existing environmental umbrella and environmental statutes deal with cultural resources now. >> jordan tannenbaum, what do you deal with the -- thank you for asking. what we do with them as we preserve them. we nominate them to the national registerna. one of the categories of properties that can go on the national register along with district structure sites and in the case of the shuttles, all three of t them, the discovery d company withoutut our remaining and were at some point ready to be accessed, we save them, we documented them and we made sure that they would be protected and they are now, the three remaining shuttles are now in california, johnson space center in houston and in florida at kennedy space center in a museum and being interpreted. we saved them because they were

what about the suffrage for native american women? >> some didn't get the vote. and members of native american men and women did get the vote. the people that voted. in the tribalio reservations thy gave to different people and if you claim you also. it was more to be a suffragist, it was a more complicated thing bent to be a wide suffragist getting the food for her sex. it's a complicated stories. going back to the earlier question about. she said i'm probably naÏve but how do we get the information about. they've gone through diggings of records and that is occasionally a woman either suffering an illness or somebody else. the census figures if you see a woman that only lived by herself for a certain period of time. the other way you could tell he was sometimes. as you get later the president. they left correspondence will will. even academics resist we can't actually say she was even though all her relationships were. >> you may have covered this already and i apologize if i missed it. passed in the various states did the right include any minority women? did

also music has african has native american roots. it is a richer south.s the south we actually admire, that we like. much of it is we need to see the bringing together of all this rich and complicated and struggling cultural traditions. >> can i jump in on food product until the undergraduates were his progresso food company start? it is eight new orleans company started by sicilians. the of the second largest civilian population in the united states and i asked him what's most famous sandwich associate with new orleans businesses that's a pulled pork that's book that's more recent. which is again a sicilian influence is being embraced in this incredibly interesting cosmopolitan city. >> i would say as well the sense of cultural and demographic diversity is really a functiontu of this early period of 1617 century it's a place that's incredible emigration a destination for immigrants from the british isles, from germanyl from switzerland, france, spain as well as dozens and dozens of enslaved people from africa speaking many, many different languages pract

in native american lands. which all these things coupled together was really all about using what was going on in the civil war to dramatic overtake indigenous lands. that has always been the practice of the american government and other it ramped up in this moment. it ramped up in violence. in 1862. some of these are better known. i mention the u.s. dakota work 1862. was a major war populated the state of minnesota resulted in hundreds of sellers at dead. hundreds of navy native people dead. thousands of native people displaced from their homelands in minnesota. professor gwen westerman was a defendant8 of one of the 38 men at least one of the 38 men executed on december 26. i wish she was here to give what i know is going to be powerful talk about that. that was one of the better-known ones. there is a piece of historiography of that. the another one is a sand creek massacre in 1864 in colorado. most people have heard of that. there's some sort of literature on that as well. there are many, many, many moment

things like oklahoma were of course there's a large native americanal population. and you talk a little bit about what all this is going on simultaneously what do we see going on in the lead up to the civil war? dating back to the american native because that becomes very important after the civil war. >> well, as i said, during the 18th centuryth most of the south even though the preponderance of the population was steadily becoming more and more european and african, and indigenous population was declining, even after the american revolution, well into the 19th century, most of the south was still claimed by native people and so occupied. what you see though from the type essentially the constitution is signed in 1788, and up until the first two or three decades of the 19th century is an increasing pressure driven largely by the federal government as well as speculators and privateers to acquire native land and dispossessed native people from their homeland. .. cially under andrew jackson, is a sense that native people, for their own good need be removed to, make

what percentage of native americans you know are offended by the name redskins? e been done, independent polls, all came back with the exact same result, 90% of natives are in approval and see it as a proud symbol and the ones that know who the chief is, it is even higher in those areas. after the two polls done in 2015, they tried to redo it one more time by offering people 40 words and a response orwhelmingly, pride came back, proud came back, strength came back. >> todd: billy, do you view this as another attempt by liberal white america to tell minority group like native americans how to think about their race, how to think there heritage? >> yes, sir, that exactly what we're trying to undo. there has been decades of this, in this day and age, there is still christopher columbus day in 2023. we are taken serious, our voice has not been heard and we are trying to fight that and correct what has been eradicated. >> todd: fascinating plight you are taking up issue curious to watch it and see where it goes. a lot of attention on redskins/commanders, thank you for

and if you go to europe you'll find excellent collections of particularly native american artifacts and then it moves along and the government began to -- so there was a permitting section set up and then in 1935, up something called the historic sites act and that set up a process to identify landmarks because we were losing those, too. and it really realized there had to be some protection and that leads in '66 to the national historic preservation act and that was a direct result of the growth of the interstate highway system. the dams and reservoirs that were being built and a realization that progress was destroying our cultural resources. and so, that led to-- it was actually a conference of mayors in january of 1966 which came together and they looked at the problem. we need some legislation that will protect these properties of not only national significance, but local and state. and so, an amazing time, particularly from january and then in october of the same year, in 1966, congress passes the national historic preservation act to deal with that issue. >> was it bipartisan? >>

that would be the case. >> one observation you tend to think about violence and dispossession native americans especially west in the tradition of the violence that the u.s. calvary men versus indians in the bloodiest war against american indians was fought. the seminole wars the violent occupation of florida is very much a part of the story of the merchants of what we now call the modern south. >> in this whole book one of the themes that we all talk about and all the other authors talk about in our work is this idea of expanding kind of concepts of who gets to be considered southern so whose history is going to be included in this book is very very different than the history would have been included in the book years ago. i'd love to hear from all of you about that process and the scholarship as well both within this work and obviously reflection of many other things we have all been working on for quite some time. can you talk about how the definition of southern where you see that going? >> i certainly think the definition has been utterly transformed over the last half-century and it's no

resulted in suffering for native american people. we have to recognize what it did in terms of dispossession of native people with dispossession then comes a host of other things like starvation and loss of sacred sites, we need to critique a little bit some things we up hold in american culture as importance, we have continued to they impacted people in many different ways in negative ways they need to be addressed and possibly redressed for people today, what it might mean in term of land back and those kinds of things. i'll.. >> i'll use that opportunity to give two plugs for the article roberts lee wrote. thenen a plug, for roberts book we've been here all the while, a good job at look at land redistribution that didn't happen in the territory in the way it benefited people and pan americans and a complicate story that happened in. for those interested. >> if i could jump in, on the idea that civil war is a cover. for me i understand, in two concrete ways could you have expansion of navy and expandtion of army, number of divisions

we have about 9000 years of human history with early white settlers, native americans and african americansif you've never been in the great smoky mountains national park you have to see it. you may see me there. but let's move on to the main story. i want you to look at the screen think about the history as i talked about human. think about when you come to the smokies what will you think about? what comes to mind when you are drivingg the scenic views or looking over the overlook? on the left ear you will see the conservation corps members preet circuit 1930s here. the civilian conservation corps really helped this part get establish and maintain trails and built things and everything else. on the right you'll see the job conservation court members in that circuit 1960s. they did the same job as the ccc. we look at these pictures the reason iof put this up here is because a lot of times and people come to the smokies they only think about the history such as the civilian conservation corps.ki you don't think about african-americans in the smokies are working in the smokies. that is someth

close let me say a few words about the symbolism of the secretary of the interior being the first native american to hold a cabinet post in american history. in the latter part of my book as i mentioned earlier, i discussed in some detail about in the decades after world war ii, native nations have increasingly demanded, and sometimes won, greater consideration of their strong connections to ancestral lands that are now in public ownership. they have, for example, works with congress and the executives on cultural sites, exert more influence on how public lands are managed and congress has conveyed lands with cultural resilience. in the interests of native nations and advocate for protection of public land, overlap. not perfectly but they overlap a great deal. one example of federal land management agencies just as it is happening in many nations around the world, growing more on the traditional knowledge of indigenous people for guidance in managing these large areas, protecting biodiversity, dealing with challenges of climate change. the nation's public lands offer many opportunities for correc

to photographing a 1000 native americans using the special wet plate technique. if we can put up on our screen, one of these images was made by you shane and the other was made by ai gonna let viewers think about it for just the 2nd. which is, which is shay now tell us which one was your recreation, which one was not? the gentleman with a feather in his hair is a very good friend of mine. and i took that portrait about 4 months ago. and this brings up, another concern that i've had about this technology is that it's effect on history . okay. it may be just cute and fun and we're all excited. and then we got this new little shiny thing that allows us to create these images. but when you ask for one of these generators to create a native american web play collodion image that can't be undone, that's the say you posted on facebook, maybe it gets closer to a website, someone else shares it, and it's out there in the world. and i, i've got works at over 65 museums around the world. and, um, the curators are, are very concerned about this. because, can you about imagin

words about the symbolism of deb haaland, the current secretary of the interior, being the first native american to hold a cabinet post in american history. in the latter part of my book, as i mentioned earlier, i discussed in some how starting in the decades after world war two native nations increasingly demanded and sometimes one, a greater consideration of their strong connections to ancestral lands that are now in public ownership. they have, for example, worked with congress and the executive to safeguard cultural sites exert more influence how public lands are managed. in a few cases has conveyed lands. a special cultural significance back to the tribes in fact, the interests of native nations and the advocates for protection of public lands overlap not not perfectly, of course, but they overlap a great to take just one example federal management agencies are just as is happening in many nations around the world, drawing more on the traditional knowledge of indigenous people for guidance in managing these large areas. protect biodiversity, dealing with the challenges of climate change, us

national museum of scotland have — native americans.f scotland have returned a wonderful- scotland have returned a wonderful 11 scotland have returned a wonderful it metre _ scotland have returned a wonderful 11 metre number hi paul to the indigenous people of canada. in the 1929 indigenous people of canada. in the i929 and _ indigenous people of canada. in the 1929 and this is a very important object _ 1929 and this is a very important object for— 1929 and this is a very important object for them in the museum instalment will be sending it back to them _ instalment will be sending it back to them of the next few weeks. on the same _ to them of the next few weeks. on the same day, the chairman of the british— the same day, the chairman of the british museum trustees, when george osborne _ british museum trustees, when george osborne really remembers her chance of the _ osborne really remembers her chance of the extractor has announced that he is _ of the extractor has announced that he is negotiating with the greeks for a _ he is negoti

including things like oklahoma were of course there's a large native americanal population. and you talk a little bit about what all this is going on simultaneously what do we see going on in the lead up to the civil war? dating back to the american native because that becomes very important after the civil war. >> well, as i said, during the 18th centuryth most of the south even though the preponderance of the population was steadily becoming more and more european and african, and indigenous population was declining, even after the american revolution, well into the 19th century, most of the south was still claimed by native people and so occupied. what you see though from the type essentially the constitution is signed in 1788, and up until the first two or three decades of the 19th century is an

this is a president who has -- who listens to native american voices.there is an audience of constituents of the rest of the country who don't live in the country or grown up in a native american culture who now are starting to understand what happened, now starting to understand what happened in june 1975 requires context. it is everything that happened before and everything that happened after that makes this such a compelling story. the average citizen now is starting to understand the broken treaties and starting to understand the injustice that has been done by the united states government to the native american communities. as we learn about the horrors of boarding schools, native americans know about this but i didn't know it. and i had heard this story, kill the indian, save the man but i thought this was something from the 1800s. i didn't realize these schools were going to the 1950s, 60s. the last one is still in existence in the 1980s. 96. okay. 1996 -- right? so the american public was hearing this, they see the body counts, it's like vietna

assisting with native american principles used by the founding fathers in the constitution. ican's right to the first and 14th amendment and not to be targets of cancel culture or esg. wow. that was a surprise, back to the name redskins, joe? >> you know, stu, when it controversy came about, it was about a decading a when sports media really began to drum up the pressure. but you looked at polls and found an overwhelming number of washington redskin season ticketholders at the time did not want the name changed. when asking native american groups at the time, a solid majority didn't care because they had bigger fish to fry or they didn't mind the name. this was a controversy drummed up to shame the organization into changing its name and nothing to with a ground swell from fans ornative americans and once -- or native amer americand once corporate sponsors said we need to pull advertising because there teams to be a real controversy around this, there was no controversy and will they go back to the redskins? probably not because there's money involved, but this tells you this

this idea, started taking their native inhabitants, the indigenous peoples out and re-creating this kind of anti-wildlife parks or nature parks for then european and american come visit with their cameras. we seer this kind of pattern ovr and over again of often destroying the native cultures in process or making them incredibly impoverished and forcing them into more marginal existence around the edges of parks in order to create this kind of empty wilderness spaces. again they are wonderful places, there's nothing to sayay this is terrible nature, it's horrible. but we do want to understand that they come at a cost, they come fromop removing people who are living in these places. here again is p you might've noticed come into previous picture these people standing around in front of teepees. this is not their natural, their usual form of shelter. this is from the great plains that it's part of the american, i think this photograph is from the 1920s. as part of the popular culture in the u.s. of what indians are supposed to look like. but the action look like it's more like this in that area. they lived in these wooden structures come similar shape, total