john: for members of dozens of native american nations, crossing tribal lands to go to meetings, cemoniest family means crossing the international border. that could mean time-consuming delays. officials from one tribe in arizona have drafted what would be the first border crossing procedures specifically for a native american nation. if adopted by the department of homeland security, the rules could provide a roadmap for other tribes. a reporter and professor join us. how disruptive is this too routine life on tribal lands? >> it is very difficult for a number of the federally recognized tribes as well as other communities that are not recognized along the u.s.-mexico border and being able to maintain an ongoing traditional relationships with community members residing on both sides of the border. for them in particular, there are certain ceremonies, traditional ceremonies, that cannot happen on the u.s. side of the border without a relationship with and assistance from community members on the mexican side of the border. being able to easily bring across ceremonial performers, community

the us supreme court has rejected a bit by the novel ho, native american nations to secure both reserves for the tribe. this is a reservation struggles with a severe lot of wall to infrastructure. the community says it's over 30 percent of the households like water and the number of states including arizona, utah, new mexico, back in 2003. the navajo filed a lawsuit against the federal government, fulfilling to protect their access to water. and so it's $21.00. the san francisco court of appeals sided with the dr. allowing it to defend their rights in the us supreme court, which now has rode the both the 184918. 68 treats is between federal authorities. and the navajo did not provide the quotes affirmative steps, despite those agreements guaranteeing both the resources to the native american reservation. where does the now the nation go from here? to date, the assets, to find out what was the rights the united states hold for them. and produce an experience for me to, to edit american who has spent time at the department of motor vehicles. the navajo has waited patiently with someone, an

the us supreme photons were jacked to the page by the nephew, native american nation, to the kill will to reserves full the tribe as a reservation struggles with severe lack of both infrastructure. and if it, who is the community size of a 30 percent of the household loc was through in several states and sitting hours, so know utah odds, new mexico back in 2003, the number who had filed a suicide gains, the federal government of failing to protect that access to what was the n 2021, the san francisco court of appeals sided with that. and if they were allowing it to defend the rights of the us supreme court, which now is rules that both the $1849.00 on the $1868.00 treaties between federal authorities onto the very who did not provide quote, affirmative steps. despite those agreements, guaranteeing what was the result as to the native american reservation. where does the now the nation go from here? to date the assets, to find out what was the rights the united states hold for them, have produced an experience for me to, to an american who has spent time at the department of motor vehic

federal authorities on the navajo nation did not provide that quote, affirmative steps. despite those agreements guaranteeing what was the result is to the native americans. and where does the now the nation go from here to dates that efforts to find out what was the rights the united states, hold for them and produce an experience for me to, to an american who has spent time at the department of motor vehicles. the navajo has waited patiently with someone, anyone to help them on into, been sold repeatedly, that they have been standing in the one line and must try another, supervise attorney rubber potato se. so the u. s. federal government is forcing native american people of that on a little brain cord is continuing the long american tradition of breaking every single treaty they've made or made of population for the past 300 years. and the western hemisphere of this treaty was entered into $11868.00, and a guarantee of the navajo nation are access to their own food, their own waterway, their around the ability to be a nation within a nation to somebody are economists from the us government however, the supreme court ruled today that the united states

loafers were created in norway, they came from a mixture native american moccasins and norwegian nationalheir original design was simple and practical, over time shoes began to be worn in everyday life. then there were models with tassels or buckles. now in stores you can find, including with chains or applications. these are versatile shoes for different situations. they go well with trousers, jeans and skirts and even dresses , you can choose both a classic model and stop your look at a trendy model with a rough sole. combine loafers with jeans and t-shirts for a leathery casual look. the presence of such shoes in the collection of the fashion house pleases, but the shoes of the shows are often not intended for everyday life and these models are just a gift in the variants of this spring, you can replace pairs with embroidery and appliqué. they complemented the looks with vintage dresses and trousers ; we took laban as the basis for this casual look.

native americans overall, saying native americans or indigenous peoples is the most appropriate way, but i think it is so important for folks to know that native americans are not a monolith. there are 576 plus nationsour organization eliminated is to preventing the erasure of native people. and that might be an extreme term, but actually, some of the things that you are working on our real sub cultural erasures of lives. >> yeah, we did a poll back in 2017 in which we found that 78% of americans know little to nothing about native peoples. and 72% rarely or never encounter any information about native peoples. we dug deeper to look at some of the biggest systems of erasure in our entertainment in, media which our representation is less than 0.4%. but even then, nearly 90% of schools in the country don't teach about native americans passed 1900. so this is real erasure depending on where you're living in united states, some people are necessarily certain about whether or not native americans still exist. that is why, for example, tonight, the special that is airing here on msnbc is so important to remind native americans that not only are native americans still here but we are doing extraordinary th

national parks with yellowstone. and your cemetery in the united states. so it's fashioned after removal of native americans on the continent from the land based. so they follow the same guideline in that way. so we still have one of the largest spaces with with national parks for the united states after queen lili uokalani lost the case regarding her rights to the crown land, she returned to court in 1915 to fight for her right to decide ownership of her two personal properties washington place and yellow. giuliani in waikiki. the end result is that after the queen had passed november 11th, 1917, the trustees came together with a trujillo and his wife, and they hammered out an agreement to stop the legally from going on anymore. and what occurred was that washington place her home that she got from her husband a dominance she wantgo to his son but it's condemned property for the public good so went for the governors of the newly formed territory, which to me was the ultimate slap in the face. she loved washington place, so to take that and have the governors live within the mansion and now they live on a s

indian city including the great, and he wrote to national anthems, india and bangladesh among the greatest american fingers as well. [speaking in native100 years ago, he sent his son to a college here in america. during his visit, he traveled the country and he said and wrote in the bustle of all of our work there comes a cry, take me across and where the mind is without fear, when the mind is led forward to the ever widening thoughts and actions into that have enough freedom. >> [speaking in native tongue] two great democracies in our work india and the united states share the cry and the call of destiny to take the nation and the world forward to a future worthy of our dreams. a future of greater prosperity, opportunity, liberty, equality for all and for the good of the world, because when every person can grasp their fullest potential we can achieve our highest purpose. >> [speaking in native tongue] may we always remember our people give our partnership strength and of all the backgrounds and beliefs that inspire us, challenge us, tell us the truth and push us forward, they are the reason the democracies and over, evolve, reflect

native americans. his wisdom and leadership were recognized beyond tribal boundaries as he served on various boards and committees and left a lasting impact on the state and national levels. sicky's commitment to preserving and sharing native american culture and traditions helped bridge the gap between communities, fostering understanding and unity. mr. speaker, i rise to honor this great man and to ask everyone to remember the incredible work that he's done and to continue to foster the unity, the inclusion, the opportunities, the education of our native american friends. ernest will be remembered as a trailblazer, an advocate, and a visionary leader. may his life inspire others to carry on this important work. he leaves behind a loving, strong, committed family. to continue the great work of this great man. today, we honor earnest sick -- ernest sicky. mr. speaker, i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: the chair recognizes mrs. mcclellan for five minutes. mrs. mcclellan: mr. speaker, yesterday the students of a high school in richmond, virginia, celebrated their graduation. moments after the ceremony ended, as friends and family gathered outside for hugs and s

there's a real similar time frame for when the first national parks are being created and when the first native american reservations are being created, and in many cases people are little being taken out of a park space and put on to a reservation space which is much less grand in terms of the scenery, but, you know, it really overlooks the fact that not only were native peoples place at the time, but had been these landscapes for, in many cases, millennia for or thousands of years. and there's an interesting sort of quality these are some miwok people who are living in yosemite as part of the museum exhibit in yosemite valley for decades actually in yosemite. they were initially they tried to move the native people out yosemite valley. then eventually they sort of let them back in. but on the condition essentially that they live in their ways as part of display for the tourists, not quite like animals in zoos, something close there on display, people would come by and sort of remark on, oh, look at those outfits they're wearing, look at the things that they're doing that they're there to be of. seen b

nation of immigrants. unless you're a native american, someone in your family came interest somewhere -- came from somewhere else. what we're doing is working to help communities see this as a net benefit rather than a net burden. richard: the initial predictions when when you lifted title 42 were fairly dire. it hasn't come to pass. i guess two parts. one is, is it your sense that this is temporary? or do you think you've now come across a likely to be a durable approach to manage a problem, to manage a situation, not solve a problem? and if so, why do you think this seems to be working better than anticipated? ms. sherwood-randall: so i wouldn't say we're done with this. i think we have to sustain this level of effort as far into the future as we can see. there are long-term challenges in the region which we need to be addressing, whether it's root causes of migration, some of the climate effects i described, governance issues in many countries. there are reasons people migrate and we need to be working on that through our foreign policy tools and our economic tools. but for us i think the lesson learned

national committee leaders are reviewing a complaint about their operation in alabama. one issue, why it eliminates several diversity carcasses lgbtq, hispanic, native american people as wellities among other groups for about 40 alabama democrats complained to the national dnc about the changes. the state party denies the cuts have reduced representation and says it's prepared to push back if the dnc should intervene. the race for the white house is heating up. president biden finally hit the trail for the first time yesterday in philadelphia. nearly two months after announcing his reelection bid. meanwhile one of the top contenders for the gop nomination ron desantis the florida governor was working voters in nevada. tomorrow both headed west to stir up support two. alexandria hoff reports. parks both the president biden governor desantis are taking their presidential campaigns to california tomorrow with multiple fundraising events lined up. in fact the president has 20 schedule for the second half of june according to reuters yesterday president biden held his debut reelection rally in philadelphia embracing an early endorsement by labor unions under the afl-cio. part t

nation. sign that the federal government is not obligated to help secure water access from the colorado river. the native americans are dealing with a historic water crisis and they sue the federal government. many of those on navajo nation's reservations. they do not have access to water system. federal government does have some projects aimed at expanding navajo water access under president biden's bipartisan infrastructure law. >> other big national news this morning, u.s. lawmakers and officials say that the near military coup in russia over the weekend shows cracks in vladimir putins rule over that country. basil, john reports on their reaction and what this actually means war. the u.s. is feature in that region. officials say the latest uprising marks a major change in putin's power in the country, especially as it came from within the country. what we've seen is extraordinary. and i think you cracks emerged that that weren't there before on cnn state of the union secretary of state antony blinken. >> says the recent a billion and russia shows putin is struggling. they have to be focused on defending moscow.

court ruled 5 to 4 against the navajo nation deciding that the federal government is not obligated to help secure water access from the colorado river. the native americansling with a historic water crisis and they sued the federal government. many of those on the navajo nation reservations don't have access to water any other way than from the colorado river. but the federal government does have some projects aimed at expanding navajo water access under president biden's bipartisan infrastructure law. well, u.s. lawmakers and officials say that the near military coup in russia over the weekend shows cracks in vladimir putin's rule over that country. basil, john reports on their reactions and what this might mean for the u.s. is future in that part of the world. officials say the latest uprising marks a major change in putin's power in the country. >> especially as it came from within the country. what we've seen is extraordinary. and i think you cracks emerged that that weren't there before on cnn state of the union secretary of state antony blinken says the recent a billion and russia shows putin is struggling. they have to be focused on defending mosc

nation. but not just us, right? it will be an extra seat at the table whenever we're talking about native americans generally, we then thought that was at the top of the agenda. funding for language preservation and education following the example of sequoia, who first codified the cherokee alphabet, the tribe recently o opened a $2020 millin languauage center r with immeree teteaching foror childrenn and adults. these two things are coming together at an important moment in history. perhaps it's not coincidental. perhaps it's by design, but it's certainly, i think, driving home for all of us, cherokees that having a voice matters, whether it's in cherokee or on the floor of the house. there's no just it's a voice. now speaking up and determined to be heard. for matter of fact, , i'm joeyey chen in tahlequah, oklahoma. two more cherokee tribes, the united keetowah band and eastern band of cherokee indians say they, too, are entitled to a congressional seat. they claim the treaty was signed by the cherokee people, not the cherokee nation. in response, the cherokee nation said, quote, the cherokee nation does not belie

national leader. i became head of the geological survey for some years and founder of the u.s. bureau of ethnology, which is studying native american tribes. powell was actually far more sympathetic to native american tribes. and and that in the late 1800s and almost any americans were so thought their cultures were interesting and were studying and their languages that were worth preserving before. a lot of them were already starting to disappear. so but powell maybe biggest contribution in his in his washington career was that he a warning about our future national growth in patterns and our assumptions about national. so americans always had a sense of destiny about settling the frontier. you know, a god given domain us to settle and become prosperous. s and and the settlement patterns that had worked in the east, namely the homestead act, gave gave out acreage, 160 acre farms to anybody who could claim them and you know, a lot of a lot of that was very successful. but powell saw, when he came out to explorer, the colorado rockies and then the southwest, the 1860s, he saw that just wasn't going to work for the west. so there jus

native americans. the new documentary "lakota nation versus the united states" explores the fight of the lakota peopledirector laura thomas eling and mark ruffalo and sarah eagle heart. you might recognize mark ruffalo from his past work and activism. i'll start with you, mark. what drew you to this project? >> you start to hear the alternative history. there's a history that most people in america learn in the history books, and then there's the history of the people who are on the other side of that history, who we don't hear from. i've come to know these people well and know this history and feel it's imperative people well and know this history. i feel it's imperative to the spirit of america to hear both sides of the story. this documentary does that. >> sarah, tell us about this place, why it matters so much and the story that we'll learn in this film. >> well, it's literally called the heart of everything by the lakota people. the video you saw earlier of the circular whole is actually the place that we believe we emerged from as buffalo people. so that's part of our creation stories, part of o

indian city including the great, and he wrote to national anthems, india and bangladesh among the greatest american fingers as well. [speaking in native to take the nation and the world forward to a future worthy of our dreams. a future of greater prosperity, opportunity, liberty, equality for all and for the good of the world, because when every person can grasp their fullest potential we can achieve our highest purpose. >> [speaking in native tongue] may we always remember our people give our partnership strength and of all the backgrounds and beliefs that inspire us, challenge us, tell us the truth and push us forward, they are the reason the democracies and over, evolve, reflect and renew generation after generation. >> [speaking in native tongue] i've seen in my visit to india and i see the diaspora here in america in the arts, education and the media, the law of medicine and science, business, businesses of every size, spelling be champions across the country including back in my home state of delaware and a record number in congress who are here tonight. >> [speaking in native tongue] a great working relationship with all of yo

native borders which threatens peace, security, and international stability. professor of a lot in american and carbon studies done your soul. he says that's cuban russian relations of faith. an important role in helping the island nation survive and circumvent the sanctions regime that has restricted the country for decades. i want to 1st say i was in havana recently and what i heard from the cuban people over and over and over is that they would be starving if it was in for moscow if it was in for the russians and the deals around tourism around we in, in, in food, in these different ways of breaking the us is a, a unilateral blockade, the cuban said that they would be starving. so i want to start with that very human know, because that shook me uh to, to the core to hear that are over and over again. we see high level meetings between the russians and the cubans. this is obviously not a pleasant news for those in washington that was to suffocate blockade. it makes things extremely difficult both for this island to link only 90 miles away from the florida keys and for this powerful country half way across the world of russia. and how important at the club of sanction in black 80 countries continue to find one another

national education progress the gold standard federal exam. the achievement across racial lines but math especially vulnerable children, black, native-american andome students. they experienced the biggest drops. think about this math and reading back to levels of 1971 for all students but worse for black students? maybe just maybe that watered down education isn't working. now this is a great chance to reset the education system and elevate what we should expect from ourselves. the ruling is just, it is just in time in fact in my opinion because we're entering what is known as the knowledge phase of society. it is described as an era which artificial intelligence and powers enhances and facilitates human knowledge which in turn becomes swift, direct, muscular. that is what we're talking about here. harvard is already by the way announced it will skirt this decision and president biden also urging all universities to follow their lead, ironically again in the name of fairness. what is so interesting about this how unfair it is to hard-working asian children. some of them come from wealthy families but some of them come from poor families like th

, nation in the world, the painting for misses rule that washington suggesting that his contribution to a native thing that blogs mindset is not in line with new disease values that a lot of americans still have that need to play the construct and that it's not so nice situation to deal with. they use that like a, a, it seems almost like that's the only a sort of template with which are the only real bundle which they look into. what the reality is that this market unplugged the place to, to, to, to india and they're based off so, and uh, so like, and he believes that he has no interest in being subservient to washington. but she says a move into nato. it would entail a lot of the practical concerns behind it. i see them that is a not to become a raso state of the united states or the military complex. it's part of that doesn't mean india as a permanent them, so not to become a washington state because the predicament of washington state. so for the united states over a long time and they became compress it to a summary of the last 4 named deer lars fault in the world for we want to ask, i understand that the doesn't want to do that and they want us to do the guide for a different

native american to serve as u.s. secretary of the interior and joins 2022 closing week of events featured the historic first retreat of enid indigenous nation'spoets, a new organization mentoring emerging native writers. i would be remiss if i didn't also tell you that joy's very last laureate event was a dance on the steps of the library facing the u.s. capitol, and i feel i should admit to you that midway the party in a particularly vigorous move, i sprained my ankle, but i kept going and afterwards spent eight months in physical therapy without any regret. such was and is my dedication to joy harjo seriously, i know of no other poet with a network of friends support ears and fans, the apo, faculty and fellows on the steps that evening represented a small, small number. the poets and writers for whom joy is a model and a mentor to her readers. and joy offers wisdom and wonder showcases the beauty of longing and living and captures the truth of who we are as a self, a community, a consciousness this joy has always spoken the planet and to the ancestors, ours and the generations to come. i know the sandra award is given to a person who has ov

nation should be honoring. as will points out, he not only supervised massacre. he was involved in massacres of native americans for both personal greed purposes, lands that were taken from some of the native americans. he and friends of his were able to get, but also his due to added to that some people's lives are worthy. in some people's lives are were not. and so and he's also seen as kind of the father of democracy in the sense that he was one of the founders of the democratic party. he lost the 1824 election. he won the popular vote. he's had plural plurality in the popular vote, but he didn't win the electoral college. he decides he's going to expand who can vote in and expand democracy. but this is very much tied to why proper men. and he was really clear on this. this wasn't. yeah. and then later on, we'll get to the other people who believe this was his view. so you have various opposing views of harriet tubman who saw a multiracial people, multi gender, multi religious multiclass of society, versus someone who had a very, very narrow and brutal autocratic view of society. and so that was really at st

nation of white supremacy, how do you see that analysis? >> thank you for mentioning seven colonialism, i read about that in the first chapter, native americans were enslaved into those of you interested in that story, you should definitely check out the book about freedom frontier and i absolutely think we need to make that link between the ways native americans were enslaved, and present, the ways the land was taken and how the land and the ways in which mexican landowners were invested of their property. i hope some of you have read city of inmates, my all-time favorite book and the linkages there are so clear between settler colonialism and the mission and how we get l.a. in the 2000's. i think it's one of the best books that shows you cannot think about segregation and white supremacy in the state if you do not start with that. i didn't talk about chapter one because i was on chapter five but absolutely an important part of the story. the way the system could set up for taking land in the system that's set up for imprisoning and enslaving just the practice of setting up segregation was originated before obviously but especially in the na

the head of the farm service agency is now a native american and working with mall farm this is is a national issue i think san francisco can take the lead on. >> absolutely. >> i think -- the focus of the federal level is being -- food to food deserts. and fresh frout and all that. this is an important thing. i think may be another question i appreciate that. mr. herrera may be another question is how many exist. one reason we don't have specific programs associated with this buzz we have not had many. i know a few in the richmond district as well. i'm not sure if they gnaw that category or using the community center's backyard. i think something to think about. i also may be piggybacking on this topic. going become to the rate discussion earlier. may be under the -- items initiated by commissioners. which is the next item. i would be interested to know when we put together to make sure -- businesses and activities that provide service to low income community. i don't know how this can happen. something to been and figure out working with staff. how we make sure they are not going to be impa

durbin: in june our nation celebrates national immigrant heritage month, with the exception of native americans and the descendants of enslaved people, every one of us share something in common with the families arriving in america today and that is the fact that our own ancestors once traveled far and wide to reach this land of liberty and opportunity. in my case it was my grandmother. the year was 1911, she was forced to flee her home in lithuania. she boarded a ship in germany, bound for america, carrying two things in her arms, her catholic prayer book and my infant mother had she arrived in this country with the same hopes as every immigrant who comes to america, from the communities in illinois to all of the immigrant farm workers who keep food on our tables. today the month of june is not only a chance to celebrate america's heritage as a nation of immigrants, it should serve as a call to action for us in congress. that is because today, june 15, marks the 11th anniversary of a life changing program for a group of young people who share my mother's story, the deferred action for childhoo

nation was about going to visit the reservation. with cousins and watching the sort of cultural things that they did and buying the native american artifacts jewelry and so forth. i gather come have been there many years together it's a much bigger operation that was then. there's a casino, gaming, doing gaming. they were not doing that then. those were off a campground and you went and had picnics and to learned about the culture and the two nations that have become one together. i think that pretty much stayed were on because they their reservation, and black people were on the black side of town in livingston. i don't know any stories of cooperation or whatever, but they kept pretty much to themselves as far as i know because they had their own land and their own way of life. and i talked in the book about my father who himself romanticize native americans and thought therems should be some connection between the two of them because of their shared history with white people. but i don't know that was the case with alabama coushattas ane black people in livingston. >> dabber says, professor gordon-reed, how did you see more black taught

and native american groups were overrepresented, even though their overall populio numbers are low. while california is home to 12% of the entire u.s. population, the state has 30% of the nation'seless population. >> we learned that about one in five people came directly from an institution. things like jails, prisons, drug treatment, hospitals. that is not surprising in something we knew. these are high-risk situations. >> the study suggests a greater focus on housing and that the poorest people in housing can afford. >> if affordable housing is an apartment for $1000 a month, but someone's household income is $960 a month that is not cheap enough. >> takes james who works selling cobblestones and can only afford to live in a trailer. >> that is how i survived but for a lot of other people i don't know how they do it. >> so 66% of those were homeless said we were depressed, suffered from anxiety or had problems concentrating. the study found these issues tend to make it harder to get out of homelessness. in the newsroom leanne melendez abc7news. >> interesting. thank you. >> the mayors of san francisco and oakland say they need to reimagine the future of their cities. they app

nation. but it was always a check box to college or health forms, medical things. what is that check box? for me, it's just been native americani am and how i identified myself. >> that's so interesting because that's one of the first things. americans just, like, walk around on eggshells around us. like, what do we call you guys? they don't quite know. and so, back in 2020, we actually did a national survey called the indigenous futures survey, and we pulled almost 6000 native people from all 50 states to ask, like, how do you want to be referred to? the number one answer across the board was, first by my tribe, right? people first and foremost want to be identified by their tribal nation because more and more, is just really showing people that we aren't a monolith. we have such unique cultures and language, and, you know, histories. the schools you are just talking about, nearly 90% do not teach about us past 19 hundreds. so, it's literally the american public can't even really think about us in a contemporary context. >> a textbook picture of what a native american looks like and that's not how it is today. >> that's true.

our friend in the nation's elie mystal describes gorsuch as the supreme court's fiercest defender of native rights. but at the same time, his attitude does not extend to african americans first go back to those other cases. it's not just affirmative action, the student loan case is going to be enormous in terms of economic opportunity, not just for young people but anyone who has taken out a student loan over the past 20 years, and then of course there is a question of lgbtq equality pending review through creative versus ellen it. so there is a civil right decision the courts were to put down, we saw a really unexpected victory in the indian child welfare act. it is a 1978 statutes that was passed bipartisan support, in order to remedy the historic removal of native american children from their tribes and their placement in non native homes. and as you say, neil gorsuch has turned out to be a surprising champion of native american rights. and again, i'm not so sure it's surprising. justice for such as one of the justices who does not hail from, he's actually from the mountain west colorado the tenth circuit, where there's actually a very active docket of travel issues

native americans in the 70s for that is the thing started due. theys. give them symbols of things. so, i can't answer all of that question. all of those questions. my connection to the alabama nation was going to visit the reservation. watch the cultural things is american artifacts haven't been there many years i gather now it is a much bigger operation that it was then. there is a casino there's gaming they are doing they weren't doing that then. it is more there andin had a picnic and you learn about the culture and the two nations become one together. i think theye pretty much stayed separate because they were on the reservation and black people were on the black side of town in livingston. i do not know any stories. but they kept pretty much to themselves as far as i know. because they have their own land and the cat have their own way of life. i talk of the book about my father himself romanticized native americans and thought they should be and was some connection between the two of them because of their shared history with the white people. i do not know that is the case in livingston. >> deborah says professor gordon reed how do you see more black history being taught in

native born american citizens acknowledge or to to see and discern that they've come out so. sure, but yeah, sure. i don't know whether i'm able to do that, but i try. but for sure, 19th century nationalism with all that comes with that didn't resonate with the 18th century sensibility because for them, the nation wasn't all about it wasn't not, it was not about, you know, becoming bigger and bigger, but it was about creating a international society in which this so-called empire for freedom in which you have different units defined as nations that can strike a dialog among themselves. so there is this ideal about civilization, which applies and politeness which applies to the rule of nations as well. um, yeah, but the 18th century faded away for good or for worst. i mean, the notion of emulating this kind of imagined, you know, ancient roman republic. yeah. versus, you know, this new man. yeah. american new thing. yeah. it's not ancient, it's brand new. it's it's young. it's dramatically different. yeah, yeah. break from the past. and washington is still very much living in a world where you're idolizing cato. yes. these notions and that's very different from andrew jackson. oh, yeah, f