most of them have more or less caught up with nativeborn americans in terms of income. it takes longer to catch up in terms of wealth. by the time their children come along, the second generation often out distances nativeborn americans in terms of earnings. this is true historically. it is a process. it is an assimilation process, but assimilation is something even nativeborn americans had. -- from college or high school and goes to work and makes x, ten years later they are making 2x. immigrants have a double problem. language skills are critical. that is the most important determinant of increasing income among immigrants. they learn on the job. best way to learn english is to speak it and the best way to do it is to work and have to talk. they learn work discipline. some people come from countries where getting to work at 8:00 may mean 8:30. in the united states, it means 8:00. there is a whole host of things, colloquialisms. things that you don't learn in english class. it is an assimilation process. it takes quite a number of years. a lot of it is learning labor m

snake. -- nativeborn's make.agenda thatad an wasn't pro-immigrants. basically, bottom line was by the end of their lives, by the end of their career, they assimilate like crazy. they are productive, they move ahead. they get it, as jim glassman said. >> great setting for where we go next which is two men well pastor. -- manuel pastor. you are a professor at the university of southern california. you honed in on a art of this in on the economic benefits of naturalization and citizenship. i'm going to sq into parts, let's first talk about the benefits to the individual immigrant. >> let me start by saying that i want to push back on one thing you said which is that some college degrees do signal that you are a drug addict. [laughter] you want to be careful about that. i thought that it would be graceful because i am from california to start by talking about the state rivalry and making fun of california but apparently that was done already. we are hoping now that your governor is retiring that he won't spend the ne

it is there when the nativeborn recognizes that striving spirit, when interracial couple connects the gay couple and experiences it as their own. that is were courage comes from. when we turn not from each other, or on each other, but towards one another and we find that we do not walk alone. that is were courage comes from. -- where courage comes from. [cheers and applause] with that courage, we can stand together for good jobs and just wages. we can stand together for the right to health care in the richest nation on earth for every person. with that courage, we can stand together for the right of every child from the corners of anacostia to the hills of appalachia to get an education that serves the mind and catches the spirit and prepares them for the world that awaits them. [cheers and applause] with that courage, we can feed the hard-working and house the homeless and transform bleak wastelands of poverty into fields of commerce and promise. america, i know the road will be long, but i know we can get there. we will stumble, but i know we will get back up. that is how a movement

assimilation is something even nativeborn americans have. when a kid graduates from college or high school and go to work, they may make ask your 20 years later they're making twice as much. they learn on the job. they assimilate human capital. immigrants have the same problem but they have a double problem. because they come in, first of all they have less language skills. language skills are particularly critical. that is the single most important determinant of increasing immigrants income among immigrants. they learn on the job. they learn in the workplace. best way to learn english is to work and have to talk it. they learn more discipline to some people come from countries where getting to work at 8:00 maintain a 20 or 830 tonight. and the united states it means 8:00. so we learn more discipline. so there's a whole host of things. lingo, colloquialism that american combat you don't learn in english classes or the germans don't in the german classes they take in germany i'm sure. and so it is an assimilation process and it takes quite a

it is there when the nativeborn recognizes that striving spirit, wendy racial couple -- when interracialth for every person. with that courage, we can stand together for the right of every child from the corners of anacostia to the hills of appalachia to get an education that serves the mind and catches the spirit and prepares them for the world that awaits them. [cheers and applause] with that courage, we can feed the hard-working and house the homeless and transform bleak wastelands of poverty into fields of commerce and promise. america, i know the road will be long, but i know we can get there. we will stumble, but i know we will get back up. that is how a movement happens. that is how history bands. -- bends. that is when someone says, come on. there is a reason why so many who marched that day and in the days to come were young. the young are unconstrained by fear. unconstrained by the conventions of what is. they dare to dream differently, to imagine something better. i'm convinced that same imagination, the same hunger of purpose serves in this generation. we might not face the s

it is suggesting they might be way off in terms of projecting 30 years from now, still 20% of nativebornspanics will drop out of high school. it is hopefully changing and we are seeing the beginning of that. the other thing i want is a quickly, we focus a lot on education but we did an interesting that he on poverty >> i workederty gap. with president bush trying to advance immigration reform. it is a pleasure for me to be back in his house talking about immigration. thank you to the bush institute. to theto hark back ceremony that we saw, that incredibly moving ceremony. what you're going to talk about today is not just how immigration is good for america but how and naturalization and andzenship ups the ante makes immigrants even more than official for the united states, a benefit for themselves and a benefit for the country. the very people whom we saw this morning when they came in the door, they were a great asset for america, but as they went out the door, they will be even more of an asset. what i want to do in my couple of minutes as a moderator is frame it a little bit, what we

it is there when the nativeborn recognizing that striving spirit of the new immigrant, when the interracialas their own. fromis where courage comes . when we turn not from each other or on each other but towards one another and we find that we do not walk alone. that is where courage comes from. [applause] and with that courage, we can stand together for good jobs and just wages. with that courage, we can stand together for the rights to health care and the richest mansion on earth for every person -- richest nation on earth for every person. we can stand together for the right of every child to get an education that stirs the mind and captures the spirit and prepares them for the world that awaits them. [applause] with that courage, we can feed the hungry and house the homeless and transform leak wastelands of poverty into .ields of commerce and promise america, i know the road will be long, but i know we can get there. yes, we will stumble, but i know we will get back up. that is how a movement happens. that is how history bends. that is how when somebody is faint of heart, some of the el

it is there when the nativeborn recognizes that striving spirit, when interracial couple connects the pain of a gay couple and experiences it as their own. that is were courage comes from. when we turn not from each other, or on each other, but towards one another and we find that we do not walk alone. that is were courage comes from. -- where courage comes from. [cheers and applause] with that courage, we can stand together for good jobs and just wages. we can stand together for the right to health care in the richest nation on earth for every person. with that courage, we can stand together for the right of every child from the corners of anacostia to the hills of appalachia to get an education that serves the mind and catches the spirit and prepares them for the world that awaits them. [cheers and applause] with that courage, we can feed the hard-working and house the homeless and transform bleak wastelands of poverty into fields of commerce and promise. america, i know the road will be long, but i know we can get there. we will stumble, but i know we will get back up. that is how

it is there when the nativeborn recognizing that striving spirit when thew immigrant, interracial couple connects the pain of a gay couple who are discriminated against and understands it as their own. ,hat's where courage comes from when we turn not from each other or on each other but toward one another and we find that we do not walk alone. that's where courage comes from. "the wall street journal" has a story taking a look at one of 2 possible nominees to the federal reserve after ben bernanke steps down. janet yellen -- the thrust of the story this morning -- that she is playing down chances for the top job. en has indicated to some associates that she sees itself as the underdog and is uncomfortable with the contentious public spectacle this has become come open to her -- who have spoken to her. mr. obama will announce his choice for the job sometime after congress returns on september 9. the white house has not been is getting -- not been vetting ms. yellen. it was unclear wednesday whether officials have been vetting mr. summers. 'the president has not made a decision on who you

are more likely to have a patent when they are working in the high-tech industries and that than nativeborn counterparts. and then finally, we have to remember that we live in a small world. we can isolate america from the rest of the world. and that's true for our economy. and so, therefore, our economy is not a zero-sum game. our workforce is not a zero-sum game. businesses and workers adapt to changing policies and changing circumstances. and so we work with the rest of the world, but we're also in a sense in competition with the rest of the world for exports, imports, and for workforce. so immigration i think from the business perspective or should be viewed as a precious resource, for many reasons. many, many cultural and many, many other reasons, you know. but also economically. and we need to make sure that that is managed well both now and looking to the future. and so we look forward to working with the senators and with the representatives as the business community to really form immigration law that will help everyone, help immigrants, help the dreamers of the dreams are such a c

immigrants are more likely to have a patent when they're working in a high-tech industries and that than nativeborncounterparts. and then, finally, we have to remember that we live in a small world. we can't isolate america from the rest of the world, and that's true for our economy. and so, therefore, our economy is not a zero-sum game. our workforce is not a zero-sum game. this is us in workers adapt to changing policies and changing circumstances. and so we work with the rest of the world, but we're all so innocent and competition with the rest of the world for exports, imports, and for workforce. so immigration i think from the business perspective really should be viewed as a precious resource, for many reasons, many, many cultural and many other reasons, you know? but also economically. and we need to make sure that that resource is being managed well, both now and looking to the future. and so we, you know, we look forward to working with the senators and with the representatives as the business community to really form an aggression law that will help everyone, help immigrants, help the dre

those projections made way off in terms of projecting out 30 years from now, you know, still 20% of nativeborn hispanics are going to drop out of high school. it doesn't look like that's going to be the case, hopefully. we are seeing the beginning of the changing. the other thing i wanted to say quickly was we focus a lot of education but we didn't -- we did an interesting study on dallas poverty and the poverty gap and we're looking at made his and, natives and immigrants. the fascinating thing that we came up with was we focused so much in education but the biggest discrepancy, the biggest explanatory factor for high poverty rates among hispanic immigrants was english. that kind of pokes fun at the germans are there. i'lofftake backloaded about that because we found that not being able to take english well or fluently explained over half the poverty gap between hispanic immigrants and natives. that was a huge factor. that's really, really important. and i think we could do more. i don't think that gets as much attention. >> another question, please. >> my question, what would you have done h