through nawsa's congressional union and then their separation into the national women's party, members always promoted a non-violent stance as a way to advocate for and to women of the right to full citizenry. led by passivists like alice paul, the ultimate goal was to achieve full suffrage by means of a federal amendment. they used "the suffragist" to educate members about critical social issues that could be altered with the female vote and to communicate how women could change their self-image and status in society. the suffragist differed from other magazines in club forums in that it emphasized political action and education over fashion or travel items. according to rhetoric scholars, kathryn adams and michael keene, alice paul wanted a vehicle to "espouse her own opinions, lavish attention on successful events, feature positive press coverage and stress her large membership and financially solvency." in december of 1913 there were 1,200 paid subscribers to the suffragist. paul asked rheta childe dorr for the first editor, a seasoned journalist who had cut her teeth at the new yo