but the nazi conspirators were not satisfied. it was announced a plot beside on austrian independence, hitler and goring demanded it be canceled. another ultimatum -- demanded that the chance to resign in three hours. during the invasion, he resigned, and a new chancellor of austria was appointed. goring called kepler in vienna, and the conversation was transcribed. kepler spoke first. >> we represent the government now. >> the following telephones should be sent here. take the notes. the provisional austrian government sends to the german government the urgent task to support it the -- in preventing bloodshed. fast asman troops as possible. >> everything had collapsed with the provisional votes -- groups. >> the troops will cross the border today. >> the act was written, joining austria to germany and signed by hess., fricke, and hitler had said -- to --many neither intends does not in -- intend to interfere with austria. ♪ the curtain fell on act i, already the nazi conspirators compared for act two. with this memorandum from h

this was once a center of the nazi party in munich and here where the nazis planned the systematic seizure of jewish assets today a belated restitution for those crimes is being worked on. the backs of documents that have arrived at the central institute for our history in munich are a treasure trove for the art world provenance researcher michael hop has received the entire archive of the uli as buller our dealership from the years 1933 to 1945 to work through. it could be a huge opportunity to locate lost artwork from jewish collections. as this that's i finish. this can be like looking for a needle in a haystack we have at least $1500.00 photos like this to digitize. we have a total of nearly 40000 of burleigh's transactions that we're working on and figuring out so we have a lot of work ahead of us i mean my god performs the. order . pick up some big talk. a little from asa. to hoot and stein james blish woulda fritz goodman i got to 0 in on. these are important names but we must always remember that they're simply representative of very very many faiths and the nazi era. by them given

era and nazi guilt had been overcome.and showed it. in 1998 more than 4 decades after the end of the war the washington conference take given his intense involvement with the nazi system. i feel as if these supplies but at the same time there were clearly people here in bavaria who wanted him as someone who was knowledgeable about the museum business so they wanted him to help rebuild the collection rebuild the buildings revive the institutions and organizations. we also have to keep in mind that at the time west germany wanted to enjoy its post-war economic miracle and wanted to believe that the nazi era and nazi guilt had been overcome. and showed it. in 1998 more than 4 decades after the end of the war the washington conference on holocaust era assets marked a decisive moment for the families affected by expropriation. the mistake to find the truth this means that researchers must have access to all archives and by that i don't mean crush or sporadic or eventual access i mean access in for everywhere. the american dipl

on september 1st 939 nazi germany invaded poland the attack unleashed a storm that had been gathering for 2 decades germany's to. phaeton world war one had left the country humiliated its economy shattered providing an opportunity for a radical nationalist movement led by at off it. hitler's rhetoric blamed those who had supposedly weakened the nation most of all he blamed the jews he was determined to expel every jew in germany and eventually beyond as the nazis expanded into austria czechoslovakia and elsewhere when the occupation of poland brought 2000000 jews under nazi control the notion of expulsion increasingly gave way to murder even in the most remote villages of europe no jew was safe. i was born in 1934 intensive be near me in a tiny village called port. weavers only jewish families a village in windsor moses family is there where 6 people my father alexander my mother just all this is my middle sister our lives and miriam and i went with very few. and the nuns singable being a poor. we always had the tides of so we never felt lonely. we lived on a be all and far. be all ju

they were a central part of the nazi regime. the nazis aspired to control every aspect of german' life. anyone not a member was a target. racial and political enemies, social outcast, and military opponents all faced detention, indoctrination, abuse, and even death. this was war on many levels. total war and pursuit of which the germans forced millions to sacrifice their freedom, health, and lives. the cans were tools in that effort. they were centers of production and a means of combating resistance and weakness for the benefit of the so-called aryan race. in the end, they achieved none of those things and became the most visible reason so much of the world banded together to defeat the nazi regime. thank you very much for listening. [applause] >> thank you to our panelists. we have time for a few questions 3:30. our heart and at if you would raise your hand, we will start in the front you're right. -- your right. >> thank you for your presentation. perhaps you can answer a question. i posed vista military experts with regards

how much art did the nazis loot? >> millions of works.ler was collecting them for his own private collection, and there were soldiers at all ranks who were grabbing and plundering. >> in 1994, miriam flies to europe to use the diary to reassemble the pieces of her father's life. what did you find? >> i went to berlin, to the newspaper archives that i had been told previously did not exist. and i was very excited to find portraits my father published in the newspaper. >> it's miriam's first big discovery -- a vast spread of her father's sketches, from the 1920s to early '30s, of luminaries including politicians, sports personalities, and musicians. and what did finding the newspaper clipping do for you? >> it showed me that i could find more. it would help me find evidence of the lost work that the nazis did not destroy. >> and miriam's strange inheritance is about to lead to more evidence -- kept by the nazis themselves -- that will resurrect some of friedman's early paintings and shed new light on his darkest works. this is a particularl

>> we did not go after people because they were nazis.ent after people who were involved in persecution. was was true in maybe -- it definitely true of a few of the people who came in under paperclip, one of whom we pursued who was still alive when you osi was created. , who was kind of the father of the saturn rocket, and when he was confronted by osi he decided to leave the country and renounced his citizenship. he went back to germany. , we didursue investigate a number, but rudolph was the only one where evidence ofinite actual persecution. these were scientists, and they worked as scientists in rocketry and so forth. so they helped the german war machine, but they were not they were not -- and arthur, who may have had some connection to some medical experiments, high-pressure experiments, but was dead by the time we came along. for the most part, these people were scientists and were working in labs. another question -- do we know where the rest of these trawniki men went after the war, and if anyone ever retracted their citizenship

of a neo-nazi group. he openly described himself as a nazi. i want to focus on the role of social media and their potential use as a platform for white supremacists to spread hate. did social media play a role in the execution of the attack at the tree of life synagogue? >> i can't answer that. unfortunately the case is still under prosecution. >> i appreciate your professionalism. on a more general level, could you comment about what research tells us about how white supremacists are using social media today? >> social media today has become a breeding ground of bigotry. ran teams ofducts, engineers. facebook is the front line in fighting hate. it used to be if you are a white supremacist, you had to go to a compound in idaho to find a rally. now you can find them a click -- with a click. your kids can literally, with a couple clicks on their phone, can engage in content that could never be printed on television or in film, it is now available to our children. there are things companies can do to start t

as kate was saying immediately after the day in fact the day after the 1st wave of bombings by the nazi propaganda minister who was a good those who. suggested. that the figures were very much higher than the fact they were historical commission a commission of historians in 2009 the end of 2009 after 6 years of examining all the evidence said it could not have exceeded more than 25000 people that's still of course a huge number of people but the nazis of the time suggested that it was several 100000 people and that has been taken up by nazi sympathizers since for example the holocaust denier david gergen in his book to the destruction of dresden he claims that there were 300000 people killed it's something unseemly i think arguing about exactly how many people were killed it was certainly an appalling event the descriptions of it by eyewitnesses really i feel like i can't even put into words here they are so appalling one when my i can just imagine what it must have looked like people civilians in the streets people not simply dying from a bomb blast but but but being incinerated. so i

and became an incubator for leaders of ukraine in nazi s. . in 19011 of them new book founded svoboda an openly radical nationalist party preaching the good old principles of bondage era. just to. purge ukraine from the jews in russia ukraine for ukrainians and so on his statements got him 5th place in the simon visa center top 10 anti-semitic world leader rankings of 2012. but also sadly attracted numerous follow ups. dimitri are founded another extreme right organization treason or trident in 1904. in april 2013 became an assistant to a member of parliament from the opposition party who died. later that same year he would become the leader of the most radical ukrainian nazi group the right sector. laundry paro be would soon appear leading a whole army of ultra nationalist warriors. and the torch marches would once again light up the streets of ukrainian cities. with. the world drastically changed in august 1901 when the u.s.s.r. de facto ceased to exist and the global political map welcomed many newcomers ukraine one of them in modern histor

they escaped the death camps of the nazis but they did not escape the nazis hateful policies thousands of people fled germany during the 12 years of germany's 3rd reich the punishment for that many were stripped of their citizenship on political racial or religious grounds were to redress those wrongs the country's post-war constitution promises former german citizens you see right here who and their descendants shall on application have their citizenship restored now despite that very clear language lots of applicants are rejected germany received about 4600 citizenship applications in 2018 of these in his surprise only about 1400 were approved so so most that's about 2 thirds were believe it or not rejected many applicants whose claims were rejected they believe that they didn't get a fair hearing well now a british lawyer is taking up their cause and he says the german government is violating the constitution. my sentiment was born in sao paolo brazil thousands of kilometers away from her ancestry in germany. my grandfather a left turn many fled actually in 1937 he was only 21 years

plus trying to reclaim what their family lost under the nazis people of german descent creating unfair goodness when it comes to their constitutional rights to gain german citizenship. hello welcome. good to have you with us. china has reported 97 more deaths on the coronavirus and more than 2000 new infections or most all the new deaths 94 but who by province the epicenter of the outbreak but the chinese has officially say these are the lowest figures since january and they predict the epidemic could be over by a try to international health officials warn it's too early to make that. meanwhile a growing number of people in china have begun to express anger at the government's handling of the situation authorities have moved to silence criticism they censored critical of comments and 2 social media sites have been raised and at least 2 other local citizens trying to expose the reality of what the s.c. have disappeared the reason fear for this if. these are images the chinese government doesn't want you to see a medical center in han the epicenter of the coronavirus are break under stre

left dressed and in ruins and sparked a lasting debate for some it was a necessary step in defeating nazi germany for others it was a senseless tragedy. 75 years on the trays didn't bombings still haunt the city a funeral march by moats. set the tone for a somber ceremony interest in the palace of culture. the message from germany's president never forget. of 50 year in a long. list and sincere remembrance enables us to see and understand the familiar as well as the unfamiliar it enables us to empathize with the fates of all the victims of war and violence across national borders. steinmeyer reportedly struggles with writing this speech how to balance remembering those killed by the allies while at the same time acknowledging nazi atrocities. and biggest fish when we think back to the history of the bombing was in our country we remember 2 things we remember the suffering of the people in german cities and also the suffering germans inflicted on others. over a period of 3 days british and u.s. planes dropped nearly 4000 tons of explosives on kristen the attacks killed some 25000 people an

in how was munich important to the nazis and not another to the winston of. munich was the center of the national socialism this is where the nazi party was founded here i'm going from here we have a photo from 1903 a few years after the party was found that it was the party leader by that and it was here that he gave them it's righty became more and more popular here he's speaking to 1800 people in munich. be a whole those beer halls which are still popular today offered hitler a forum and audience for his speeches. it's where he spoke to the masses and spread his racist and anti-semitic ideology. he didn't mention all those millions. deal with all this today the fact that this is where it started and before. you do stuff in the mean time i mean it takes a very critical approach this house is financed by the city of munich but the fact that munich was the birthplace of the city that gave rise to the nazi party is a topic that wasn't talked about for a long time before. this documentation center has played a key role in breaking that silence it is situated on

approach with a lot nazis and the k.g.b. off officers where i most of them i turn down i i'm not crazy about doing that i do i'm now in a series called the hunt with a no i play a nazi but this is so far the only one i've played in america ok so obviously i'm not going to take an exception you man stuff it's hard not to you started you started your you became big in film working with the director of an office been there and you won so that he saw something in you that you didn't see yourself and i'm curious what was that. well i think it of us in the alleys on the bus this needs to she was she was not intellectual if she were not. it was a different kind of strength she had a child she was kind of a child almost a little bit. back. she was people always would would cast me in more in stronger roles or political role it's all very decisive women strong women amid so it was so but it was kind of a also a gentle soul a child innocent now i want to take a look at another movie that you're currently and that's out in theaters in

six million citizens died at the hands of nazis. including three million jews.ke an honest effort to preserve this place, the premises of the auschwitz camp as well as all the other places the former german camps located in our territory. i have the privilege and honor on behalf of the republic of poland to renew the obligation that we propose back then when the holocaust was being carried out, when our forefathers came to the aid of the murdered jews, putting their own lives at risk. with the first ones to reveal to the world the truth and demanded the world respond. the obligation to which we consistently adhered also for the sake of the memory of our heroic compatriots. on behalf of the republic of poland, it is my privilege to always nurture the memory and guard the truth about what happened here. i wish to invite the distinguished guests here today, representatives of foreign states and nations as well as international institutions and all people of goodwill from across the world to participate in this endeavor, let it be the joint commitment undertaken bef

attempting to protect his nation from the approaching nazi threat. joseph stalin negotiated a treaty of nonaggression with adolf hitler while promising each other piece of the soviet and german foreign ministers molotov and ribbentrop realigned the map of eastern europe splitting it into german and soviet spheres of influence. no sooner had the molotov ribbentrop pact been signed then poland was split and in september of 1939 eastern poland awoke to be western ukraine and a part of the family of soviet republics and the u.s.s.r. . but even this bold dividing of lands and nations only delayed the inevitable germany broke its promise to the u.s.s.r. . on june 22nd 1941 germany invaded the u.s.s.r. launching barbara rossa the largest military operation in world history. barbara was aiming for st petersburg moscow and kiev ukraine 3 destinations of major significance. ukraine with its rich lands in resources was an important industrial and economic source for the u.s.s.r. to cut it off from the soviet union would strike a big blow indeed. for most of the

what you want to do is to understand and nazis think that you do not want them to think like nazis. right? so how do you make them understand that there was a kind of logic to what the nazis were doing i'll be at a perverse logic. whatant them to understand the jewish expense was like. you cannot walk a mile in their shoes. right? you just cannot. living in a peaceful, prosperous well sawed, well close, well fed, nobody shooting at me kind of world. right? well-shod. i can try to understand that but it is not my experience, right? the ethicalrespect distance between the world you are living in and this world of pain and terror and death. conversations have power and places apps power -- places have power and conversations have power and that is how this process unfolds and how we educate and teach. do that is what we hope to .ere at the lepage center we hope to have powerful conversations and i think we have had one tonight. [applause] i know your eagle to talk to the palace more. -- you are eager to talk to the panel let's that prevents them from getting a treat. i will ask you to

the auschwitz-birkenau concentration camp run by nazis during world war ii. speakers include four auschwitz survivors, and the ceremony concludes with a candle vigil held in memory of those killed at the concentration camp. [violin playing] ♪ ♪ >> [speaking polish] translator: distinguished ladies and gentlemen, i would like to welcome you to this commemoration for holocaust survivors. may i welcome your highnesses, presidents, prime ministers and members of parliament and heads of state delegations. may i welcome representatives of the polish parliament and parliamentarians from europe and the world. may i welcome members of governments from poland, europe and the world. i welcome representatives of the diplomatic corps for their support, and pillars of memories action foundation and fund. i welcome representatives from the churches and religious communities, notably the communities of the jewish society and also the representatives of the roma. representatives of regional and foreign governments. representatives of institutions and organizations and all the

include the rise of nazi-ism. when i say there is a mission creep here, that is what is happening. the military, not everybody in the military was on board with this. they did not want librarians hanging around. even the librarians in trench coats who were pretty well behaved. this is not for you, this is something the military should be doing. because there was an effort to return troops home, to speed up the return of troops back home, they really had staffing problems and the enormity of the material collected was such that they welcomed the library of congress mission, that most of them followed the rules. >> i have two questions. first, was there any coordination at all with the people preparing for the trials? the second question is, i was fascinated by the part of your talk about the new techniques of library science that developed as part of this. i wonder if preservation was part of this at all, or if this was just a turn towards microfilming, and forgetting about the original. it's shocking to see these

lootingases -- nazi of books and why. in some cases there were rare collections of books that they seize because they were rare treasures. in many cases they were seizing the libraries of jewish institutions or ordinary jewish individuals. thing to wrap our minds create is they wanted to the scientific study of the jewish or what they would call the jewish race. and they needed all of this, all to put into institutes for advance studies essentially, or scholars could later go and study what they termed the jewish question. after the population of jews had been killed. whos one of the people write about this at the time says, it is this strange irony. but that was her motive. they had an intellectual jews.st in understanding obviously to justify genocide. but that this became part of a science. that is what alfred rosenberg was interested in. the second question. have her but he gives me two questions and i forget the second. important that at the end of the war the united states sees itself as winning the war. this has be

for the nazi crimes which. was individual and historic responsibility which the nation would accept and that's been a kind of a kind of shiver this that the the the german german politicians in the political discourse about the war have repeated again and again fronts both this time i thought it was quite interesting in the speech he tries to i think i'm not mistaken twice referred explicitly to german guilt. and this at a time and i think this is perhaps perhaps why he did it i venture to interpret it there's a lot of mudslinging going on about who was responsible what part of the 2nd world war but a mere putin has recently angered the polls for example by suggesting. that it was an it was necessary to invade for russia to invade poland and that the poles were in fact partly responsible for causing the 2nd world war that of course is it's something that outrages the poles and. as the israeli government has recently suggested that the poles were partly responsible for the holocaust went along with it it was ver

it was one of the most infamous sites of the nazi genocide. the purpose of today's hearing is to commemorate these grave anniversaries, term member those we have lost, and to honor those who are with us. but it is not enough to simply recognize these dates but we must contemplate what led the atrocities we must combat bigotry, hate, and violence of all kinds day. i am so pleased to have our distinguished panel that have asked them to come together on help's solemn occasion to unify red, hope and inclusion. that. we can all do the best way to help remember is to hear from those who lived through it and we will do that today. ae block from here is gripping institution dedicated to remembering the holocaust fight hate today. i'm also pleased to announce that on monday, the house is evidence past bipartisan votes -- 393ith votes to pass a resolution i authored to give teachers additional resources to teach about the holocaust i hope the senate will pass the bill and send it to the president as soon as possible, because the lessons of the past must

did you have any reservations about doing a comedy about nazis?ought about that, the film as such. i think it's really a very triumphant story and such a valentine for single moms and independent women. >> johansson received a best supporting actress oscar nomination for her performance. best adapted screenplay, and "jojo rabbit" received four more nominations, including best picture. still, not everyone is comfortable with the film. what do you say to people who just flat-out say what's so funny about nazi germany? >> say have you looked a the uniforms? have you observed how ridiculous they were? sure, they had a lot of power and they were brutal and calculating and responsible for millions of deaths, but one way of taking power away from those people is to laugh at them and to make a mockery of them. >> this is what satire is? >> yeah. i'd be worried if no one criticized my work. >> if everyone liked it. >> then i'd know i made a terrible, safe mediocre film. >> you okay? >> there are some surprises in "jojo rabbit." we won't spoil for you. >> n

and reclaiming what their families lost under the nazis people of german descent in berlin say that's a berlin is creating unfair hurdles when it comes to their right to regain german citizenship. i'm told me a lot of well welcome to the program. the latest advance by syrian government troops into the rebel held it live province has fractured relations between the key international players in the conflict the past 10 days have seen deadly clashes between turkish soldiers supporting syrian rebels and the forces of the syrian regime which is backed by russia turkey's president. has hit out at syria and its russian allies promising to retaliate if his troops are attacked meanwhile the country's humanitarian crisis continues to grow. the roads out of sarmento and it looked province in the last 2 months more people have fled the fighting here than at any other time in the syria conflict many are braving the harsh winter conditions simply to get tight. it's really sad to see people here enduring snow and cold and most of them are children what are we going to do we've got nothing left you w

nazis filled in disturbed nazis and they've gathered its tracks across up around 2000 people who are blocking off who were blocking off the streets and activists were shouting they were a couple of smaller groups but it also tracks it's a variety of civil society activists at different political process have called in their members to join the counter protesters as did the fridays for future for example so it was an alliance of different groups that called on their members to take to the streets here and what measures are the police taking to prevent any kind of clashes if the groups come together. well the police have to definitely taken the approach of keeping these 2 groups of protests separate asked they could. funeral mass was. almost 15 minutes late and taking on them and stasi in on them much through the city center because counter protesters were blocking them off and there was a lot of very heavy police presence trying to separate the 2 and they avoided major clashes there were some minor clashes between the 2 different groups but no major clashes so far all right deb is the

on this day in 1905 with the nazi war machine in its final throes british and american planes began dropping bombs on the eastern german city of dresden igniting a fire storm that would last for days 25000 people die 75 years later as the witnesses are dying out resurging neo nazis and far right politicians are attacking the facts of history waging war on what and how we remember tonight the battle over dresden the battle that still rages on i'm bored goffin berlin this is the day. she went and we remember today the history of the bombing of our country then we remember both. the suffering of people in german cities and the suffering that germans inflicted on others. is my point president leaves actually bastion of the nazis along the eastern front so i don't do it so it was germans who began this cruel war. are you lancaster's blame 650000 incendiary bombs on germany's 7th largest city what do we remember today the victims in german cities that it's not an accusation nor is it an attempt to avenge. you told us fear of death the claustrophobic sela the pounding of the bombs. that burned peop

is the least actually bastion of the nazis along the eastern front so i don't do it so it was germans who began this cruel war 800 are you lancaster's slaves 650000 incendiary bombs on germany's 7th largest city what do we remember today the victims in german cities that it's not an accusation nor is it an attempt to avenge. the totus fear of death the claustrophobic sela the pounding of the bombs. that burned people. there of a city. obviously. your viewers on p.b.s. in the united states and all around the world welcome we begin the day on the anniversary of one of world war 2 smokes terrific moments and a warning for the future if we miss remember what happened today 75 years ago british and american planes began blanketing the eastern german city of dresden with firebombs 25000 people died in what was and remains one of the war's most controversial allied attacks and mediately after the bombing nazi propaganda incorrectly claimed that 250000 people have been killed today one of the leaders of germany's far right party says that 100000 died it's important to note that the a.t.f. tea