the german airwaves opened only to nazi voices, nazi books, nazi pamphlets. read. nazi speeches, nazi dramas, nazi music. these were all the people could hear. the art of germany, the sculpture, the paintings, the drama, all regimented to serve one purpose, the indoctrination of carl schmitt. one voice only must be heard by carl schmitt. one voice from the cradle to the grave. the voice of hitler, hitler, hitler, hitler. microphones were used. they recorded his voice so that all of germany and others throughout the world could receive his message of hate. hitler was photographed from the front, from the back, from the right, from the left, from every angle. hitler, hitler, hitler, hitler sobbing, hitler smiling, hitler shouting, hitler working his people into a frenzy. [chanting] in my schools, the youths would grow up. there must be no tenderness in you. i want to see in their eyes the gleam of the beast of prey. brutality is respected. i shall spread terror. today, germany. tomorrow, the world. >> that's how carl schmitt got his soul. that's how the general

like the origins of nazi gem inside. or death and deliverance. those are a decade later from what you are working on. all the more reason we are so grateful for you to join us. why don't we talk about this program, which is known usually as the t4 program. tell us about the nazi regime decision in 1939 to secretly murder people with mental and physical disabilities. tell us which individuals specifically were targeted. >> what is very interesting, this so-called euthanasia program is also known as operation t4, it was one of the nazis radical policies to have what they described as, restoring that racial integrity of the german race, to cleanse the race, they did this by murdering european jews, but one of their biological enemies that they focused on in their own community where wet they called the ill, unworthy of life. today we would call these individuals persons with mental disabilities with intellectual or physical disabilities. the nazis believed that these individuals placed both the genetic -- that is important, as well as a financial bu

he said nazi activity, nazi activity was punishable under the tribunal's rules.acking a moral sense was no crime. now, my perspective on this, for what it's worth, is that whatever he hoped to accomplish by remaining in hitler's germany, and he had certain things he imagined he was accomplishing, he certainly in my view, anyway, had allowed a depraved regime to use his undeniable artistic gifts in an attempt to achieve legitimacy in the eyes of the world. and i think a convincing case can be made that furtvangler was complicit in the german government's plans to burnish its image. a position that he could have avoided had he left the country at various points, particularly in the 1930s. many people rejected the idea that an artist could remain outside politics, especially when working under a regime that recognized no boundary whatsoever between art and politics. as i noted earlier, dangerous melodies details in some -- i have a lengthy discussion of post-war -- these post-war debates that involved kirsten flagstead, and walter giesikan, which demonstrates the ta

nazi doctors in a 2nd but again the context here we're talking about is. korea of britain the united states maybe have killed a 5th of korea's population in the korean war you say in the book that the cia thought. that released us soldier is this supposed to communism their apparent support could only be explained by mind altering drugs so what i was working through is of this project m.k. ultra the cia mind control project at the center of my book one of the questions they kept emerging in my mind was what led reese people in the early cia to believe that mind control was real why did they spend 10 years destroying so many lies in the effort to try to find a way to destroy human minds and number and place it there. i think there are 2 reasons one of them has to do with cultural conditioning that of all the books in the movie sherlock holmes story the end around post story about mind control and note that i think subconsciously a lot of these people that generation the generation that ran the early cia were affected by the good and began to lose the order

could you tell us how they presented their case against nazi leaders? what did they focus on, and was there anything surprising about their approach? >> yeah. so let me just say that at the very beginning when the paces is divided up, they divide it up in such a way that the americans -- jackson takes charm of the conspiracy charge. the british are going to take charge of the crime are against peace charge, and the soviets and french are talking about the west and the soviets in the east. okay. all good, right? but they thought this was going to be kind of quick. the fact that the soviets are not getting to present their case until february, this was kind of shocking to them that the prosecution's case is going on and on and on and on. and part of why it goes on as long as it does is that jackson has taken the conspiracy charge and used it to talk about all aspects of the entire case arguing that all the other crimes are connected to conspiracy. so the soviets in the leadup, initially they're only supposed to focus on war crimes and crime against humani

he had remained in nazi germany to work under hitler. almost immediately, new york phil harmonic subscribers began canceling their subscriptions for the following year. a jewish business leader called it unthinkable to a point and official of the nazi government to lead this august musical organization. and the key question really became, to what extent was he a supporter of and complicit in the policies of nazi germany? heartfelt letters appeared in local newspapers and newspapers in other parts of the country as well. in the new york times, a woman said, and i'm quoting, as a member of the race which they abuse, i am stunned that this sanctuary of music in america had been successfully invaded by the hordes of hitler. keep in mind, this is 1936. so this is before the start of the second world war. but not everyone agreed. there were those who argued again, here we have the musical universalists, that ville helm fort wagner had ascot acted honorably he was not a member of the nasty party his opposition to hitler, he refused at least for

the nazi offensive in the spring of 1940. and then the fall of france. >> (inaudible) >> theoretically, i suppose. i don't know about the specific language of the legislation. but everyone knew what the legislation was actually accomplishing. there was no expectation that nazi germany would be buying more materials from the united states. >> is the cash and carry policy the start of what would become the -- program? >> yes and no. ultimately, i will argue that that was actually a break from this policy. but it's a step in that direction. >> cash and carry was okay, as long as it looked like england and france were likely to win. that's what changed in the spring and summer of 1940. the fall of france completely changed americas opinion of the war, because up until, then it was perfectly plausible to believe that great britain and france would win the war against nazi germany. once france surrendered, it was a lot harder to imagine that. what now? what if britain falls? what if the allies lose the war? this is when, i would ar

he said nazi activity, nazi activity was punishable under the tribunals rules.ut lacking a moral sense was no crime. now, my perspective on this, for what it's worth, is that whatever furtwaengler hoped to accomplish by remaining in hitler's germany, he certainly, in my view had allowed a depraved regime to use his undeniable artist gifts in an attempt to achieve legitimacy in the eyes of the world. and i think a convincing case can be made that furtwaengler was complicit in the german government's plans to bernish its image, a position he could have avoided if he left the country at various points, particularly in the 1930s. many people rejected the idea that an artist could remain outside politics, especially when working under a regime that recognized no boundary whatsoever between art and politics. as i noted earlier, "dangerous melodies" details post-war debates, which demonstrate that the taint of narcissism was the artist was familiar with it was extraordinary difficult to remove. for many, denduring memories mae reconciliation impossible. there were some

they want the nazis vanquished. they're willing to send material aide to great britain to make that happen. they don't want to sacrifice and fight the war themselves. only when germany took that decision out of the hands of the americans, did the united states declare war on germany. even after pearl harbor, the united states did not immediately declare war on germany. germany declared war first, took the decision out of american hands. it's worth wondering, if germany hrnt done that. would the american people have supported going toe war against germany after pearl harbor? we'll never know, it's a hypothetical. this suggests maybe not. in fact maybe not especially given the fact that japan had attacked the united states. make the focus should be on japan and not on germany. what the interventionists succeeded in doing is convincing the public it was worth risking war, but not convincing them that the united states should enter the war and take on world leadership. that idea was being advocated by a group i hadn't m

de- actively works to radicalize neo-nazis.e of my experience advice forear some him on how to approach and talk to the nordic resistance movement. >> [speaking foreign language] >> [speaking foreign language] >> [speaking fororeign languaga] >> [speaking foreign language] [applause] >> [speaking foreign language] [speaking foreign language] >> [speaking foreign language] >> [speaking foreign language] -- the nordicc resiststance movement is tryingo protect viking valuess and prevent them fm m outside ininfluences, butt the vikings themselves never had such well-known, they traveled all quelms, world -- such they traveled all l over the country, embracicing other cultures, which would be an anathema to the nordic --istance movement men momement memr, s sin they wawant an entirely different view of nordic heritage that nenever existed. ♪ are going to a meeting with the nordic resistance movement. i have never had direct contact, only through social media, with them. i have had social media supporters contacting me, commenting o

a battle of the nazis the gospel according to hitler.going to read all of this, but there are one or two things in this book that will interest you. what is denied to us, the german fist must take. if our forefathers had made their decisions by the same pacifist nonsense as the present day does, we would possess but a third of our existing territory. further he says from time to time, the illustrated papers show how a negro has become a lawyer, teacher, perhaps even a minister. it never dawns on the degenerate middle-class america that this is a sin against all reason that it is criminal madness to train a born half ape until one believes one has made a lawyer of him. this book was written 20 years ago. the nazis now instruct their disciples in terms such as these. we must strive by any means to conquer the world, and investors are permitted permissible. kill and kill again. kill the russians kill the polls. don't stop, whether you have an old man, woman, boy or girl. kill. we want to create our great german empire. we must exterminate e

the nazis. the socialists fought the communists and the communists fought the socialists. they hated each other. >> so he was traumatized, initially, by this whole experience, no? nancy they tried to kill the : nazi students. the council voted secretly to kill him. that was in 1933. there was a riot and the students around the university in the riot were yelling throw him in the fjord. the fjord was a piece of the baltic sea. it was february. you could not be in their but for a few minutes -- be in there before a few minutes it would kill you. they threw him in. all he ever said about it was that he swims out. it was very traumatic. and then he ended up in berlin a few weeks later. the gestapo was after him. there were resistors in the underground and they were trying to get people to mobilize against the nazis. they were risking their lives every single minute. in the gestapo was ruthless and tortured them all. it was terrible and they all did it. and it was a terrible life. for those three yea

passed or neo-nazi beliefs.it's talking about regularly how to try and get around -- it's actually becomes a goal of theirs to get around the screening process of police departments. that is talked about in the rooms all the time. >> when these groups of white supremacists is there often more than. how many in a particular police department with they operate more as a click within that department, or that station. >> that would be projecting on my end, and i wouldn't have the facts to that. i know that others neo-nazi in the police, i don't know how many, i can't give you any specifics. i don't want to speak out of turn that i don't know as a fact. i don't know the answer. >> the reason while i'm asking, in los angeles county, this is a question for mr. german. in los angeles county, we have the sheriff department has a long history of having some people clicks, other people call it gangs. that dominate station houses and have often been terrorizing black and brown communities. i have actually pit been to the st

suspicions of neo nazis within the german police force $29.00 police officers are suspended for sharing illegal images including swastikas and chat groups some are now facing criminal investigations. and guilty of corruption the former head of world athletics is sentenced to 2 years in jail following a doping scandal his lawyers say the court has made him a scapegoat for a much larger problem. i'm brian thomas good to have you with us today greek authorities have charged for afghan migrants with arson for their alleged involvement in the fires that destroyed the morea migrant camp fire left thousands of people without shelter the greek army and international aid organizations have set up temporary camps but some migrants are saying that does not go far enough. row upon row of tents only greek island of less balls have been set up for migrants displaced by the fires that gutted the morea camp but. they're mostly empty. migrants are choosing to stay on the streets in squalid conditions many say they had rather remain here than run the risk of being detained for months in a completely new

the nazis.healists communists hated each other. they tried to kill the nazi students. the council voted secretly to kill him. and thes a riot students around the university were yelling throw him in the fjord. it was a piece of the baltic sea. it was february. him in.ew all he ever said about it was that they -- he swims out. it was very traumatic. he ended up in berlin a few weeks later. they were trying to get people to mobilize against the nazis. they were risking their lives every single minute. life. a terrible it did have an effect on him. obviously part of his motivation. nancy: exactly. >> at one point in your narrative, you quote the head of the british mi5. breaks andthe case they caught fuchs. [indiscernible] it was all ideology. saw the british and the americans -- by this time, he had become a british citizen after fleeing germany. he just wanted to balance the table, right? nancy: yes, that was true. whiteite was also -- dick .as also the head of mi6 .eople liked fuchs they did not

they were older they were neo-nazis. i would hear them make races comments even though they never spent any time around black people. when you heard what i went to school i became the urban inner-city expert and i begin to feel i mattered. the day that i decided to join this movement was a day i saw other people fear my group of friends. i saw them dash of that point i might be a teenager but inside i was a seven-year-old scared little boy who feared everything. i feared my parents, my stepparents, my school. i feared -- [inaudible] i wanted people to fear me so became a member of the neo-nazi movement. i got a swastika tattooed on my neck to prove my undying loyalty. i joined the movement for survival which made me grasp onto every word that was set in the movement. and here's what i heard. in 1991 i attended in bidding run by the white student union at penn university a a monthly meeting of the 15-20 members. they were mostly college guys so they were career minded. they would use words, say to us that we need to grow

but it would also create a precedent of trying to stop nazi atrocities.nd that really is a crucial point, because two years later the americans were on board. there was access and then to heavy bombers, liberators, land casters were more than capable of hitting auschwitz. but when the allies gain against the bait this idea bombing the camp to stop the atrocities they there, they actually referred back to that first debate in their files to argue as to why they shouldn't bomb auschwitz. they said it wouldn't be possible, in which is be a political symbol. that debate in 1944 1944 was bg informed by that first request from pilecki. i think that's why it's so important to both understand the context and for the decision regarding pilecki's request, in order to see how it then played out in light of thinking, this constant stepping back from taking action. >> the interesting thing of course is that one of the great problems in the his geography of response, i'm talking to keep up the holocaust of course is that from 1942 onwards it was always said that the en

from berlin suspicions of neo nazis within the german police force police raided some of their own officers earlier today 29 have been suspended for sharing images of such as swastikas in online chat groups face criminal investigations also coming up we need to go faster and we knew eat meat to do things better european commission president or sort of on the line and said tell her vision for the future of the e.u. in her 1st state of the union address plus guilty of corruption the former head of world athletics and sentenced to 2 years in prison following a developing scandal his lawyers who say the court has made him a scapegoat and how to keep berlin's party scene going during the pandemic one businessman thinks he may have found the answer. to our viewers watching on p.b.s. in the united states and all over the world welcome we start here in germany where police have launched raids against some of their own colleagues officers suspected of trading neo nazi images. in private online chat groups $29.00 police officers in the german state of north rhine-westphalia have been suspended 11 are

police in western germany launched raids on the offices 29 faced investigation of the sharing of neo nazi image of. india's government under pressure over its handling of the coronavirus crisis as cases past 5000000 hospital say they're running out of oxygen. and the space projects to reach from the pages of science fiction european scientists are plotting to save the world from killer asteroids hollywood style. i'm from welcome to the program the european commission president has laid out a vision for the block to tackle the climate crisis addressing the european parliament and called on china to improve its human rights record and made a not so veiled attack on member states poland for its attitudes towards gay people and she urged member states to resolve the blocks paralysis on the issue of migration. also laugh underlying had a 1st ever staged of the union speech waiting to unveil more ambitious climate goals for the block we need to go faster and we need to do things better the european commission is proposing to increase the 2030 targets for emission reduction to at least 55 percen

course short for anti-fascist, they believe we have to confront any forms of ande supremacism, neo-nazis far right extremists because if we do not confront them now, it will just continue to grow and grow and then we are going to be looking at a much bigger problem down the road, that is how they see it. host: let me remind our viewers they can take part in this conversation, if you are in the eastern and central time zones, (202) 748-8000, mountain pacific, (202) 748-8001, text to (202) 748-8003 and we are always reading on social media, can you give us a brief history of antifa in the united states and around the world. -- you tell us others begin? how this began? guest: absolutely, the roots of antifa go back to western europe in the 1920's and 30's. of had different groups local activists in germany, italy, britain, and spain. those were kind of the main areas as well as other areas in which they were organizing to confront the nazis, mussolini's black shirts in italy, oswaldo mosley's british nationalist and thed -- in britain fascist in spain, each one of these countries what you h

past and help the new germany find laws to combat its nazi pos and to make sure that these terrible terrible crimes would never happen again so that was the initial job that the council of jews gave itself over the years of course that tasks have widened and they the main combat of against anti semitism that is their main role now and after the breakup of the soviet union in the 1990 s. many people came to germany refugees and also just migrants who were looking for a new and different life here in germany and many of them were jews so the council of jews also helped integrate them into society but their main toss now is of course trying to diminish prejudices on both sides and trying to help germans and jews live side by side tazer voters will certainly be picking up on much of that you know what what can we expect today. the ceremony has just started and it is quite impressive just how well it is protected you have to you probably can see behind me the police presence is immense half the cabinet of the german government is there you have uncle americal that you have several of her

thus he witnessed the steps by which the nazis conceived of the final solution for europe's junes. he was the first person to seek to warn the world about the horrors of the camp and he was the first to try to stop them. three years before allied commanders publicly acknowledged auschwitz's role, he was already calling on them through secret messages smuggled out of the camp to destroy auschwitz. yet for all of this exploits, in u-witness his story is almost unknown. indeed i only heard of it by chance. i met up with a war reporter friend of mine in 2011, and we were talking but our experiences in war zones trying to make sense of our experiences, and my friends had just come back from a trip to auschwitz and learn about a resistance cell in the camp and i think like a lot of you here today, that idea that resistance was possible in auschwitz is just so surprising to me. i knew i had to find out more and a year or so later a report of pilecki was finally translated into english, and it was the most remarkable document describing and great detail this rawness and-under general si hi

as an organization founded after world war 2 after the genocide of german and european jews by the nazis the council story is one that's seen a jewish life in germany from the wrist after the atrocities of the nazi era but which continues to face serious threats today. jewish life in modern germany for many the most pitting symbol of this is the golden dome of balance synagogue in the trendy district of mit about 12000 jews live in berlin making it the largest jewish community in all of germany for many years the number of jews in germany has been steadily on the rise. up until 990 there were 223-0000 community members but after the fall of the soviet union this number quickly rose to more than 100000 the influx of jews from eastern europe contributed greatly to this number and another 100000 jewish immigrants aren't affiliated with a specific temple. germany welcomes a thriving jewish community as a positive development in stark contrast to the past the memorial in berlin to the 6000000 europeans jews murdered by the german nazi regime best testimony to that history. the atrocities took

the nazis believed they could push the invading armies back into the sea. alone german divisions were waiting. preparing for the invasion was a job without let up. incessant and realistic training was of paramount importance. the challengers -- details of coordination on every level, all of these were overwhelming. through the tense months, the preparations endured. finally after being postponed one day because of the weather conditions, the day of decision was at hand. the commander visited the airborne troops who would lead the invasion. "i found the men fine, jostlingly admonishing me." d-day with the war in balance. (music) half a million troops backed by millions more faced outward across the stormy sea. (music) on beaches that dotted the french coast of the channel, british, canadian and american troops went ashore. (music) the first fateful moment passed and allied troops were holding on french soil. one week after the landings, the commander was able to say to the vast armies under him your accomplishments in the last seven days have exceeded my hig

in june who is a nazi is a nazi not a jew you know by a man who claims to be a jew sneak something behind it and shoots worshipers in it back in a place which is sacred to be arabs and. clip after clip that i'm appalled what can i compare him to then yeah there she will compare him to arafat and you know i don't want to compare him to anyone compare him to arafat's own mother shot off a savage your plan your madness as you know that arafat made mistakes and i say he made mistakes and seems to that when he stood up and said no more war i recognize the state of israel and its right to security in the school taliban not be as lawyer was taught to fade out by lad arafat's life is in danger so i am the fear that this is why i pity him that sick at that i did love america that there's that girl he decided to stop the killing both that i 7 never had to endure you shut up but there but there was i'm concerned for the children and i know that children need a path no dog at the moment i'm sure about that you are very kind and that is as i their but i want arafat to be that partner to make peace and

the supreme commander counted on weakened nazi resistance.efenses was cracked. the remained a substantial task of mopping up what was left of the enemy west of the rhine. and accepting his surrender in the droves that began to appear. the fatherland were rebels as allied troops moved through them in the enemy's defeat. ♪ g.i. werender and able to find exultation that comes when victory is close. ♪ victory came finally with the german surrender in a 1945.house on may 7, the return to peace was signaled by the supreme commander. >> the privilege of speaking for a victorious army of almost 5 million. they and the women who have assisted them constitute the allied expeditionary forces that have liberated western europe. they have captured or destroyed enemy armories -- armies totaling more than their own strength. my principal support in the canadian, france, american and british forces is to present a picture of the utmost inefficiency, skill, loyalty and devotion to duty. the united nations will gratefully remember this names. -- these names. a

suspicions of new nazis within the german police force means 30 officers are suspended for sharing images such just because in chat rooms and not face criminal investigations. and guilty of corruption the former head of well of left takes this sentenced to 2 years in jail following a doping scandal his lawyers say the course has made him escape the scapegoat. i merely for the most unwelcome greek authorities have formally charged for afghan migrants with arson for their alleged involvement in the fires that destroyed the morea migrant camp on the island of les boss the fire destroyed most of the camp and left the psalms of people without shelter the greek army and international aid organizations have set up temporary cams but some migrants say they need. difference in. row upon row of tents on the greek island of les pass that's been set up for migrants displaced by the fires that gutted the morea camp but they're mostly empty. migrants are choosing to stay on the streets in squalid conditions many say they would rather remain here than run the risk of being detained for months in a compl

some of the most talented people pushed out of nazi germany and the other countries overrun by the nazis. there's a book on the subject which has an ironic title. >> indeed. i've read that. that gives you very good in camps elation of the individual stories of many of these people. i think there we've come to the end of our time. i would like to thank you so much for coming along. after this event, if there are more questions people have, i would be delighted to do my best to answer them. thank you so much. thank you. >> just take the elevator down to the ground floor. look right out the shop. diane it will be their signing ... the u.s. dropped atomic bombs on the japanese cities of hiroshima and nagasaki 75 years ago last month. japan surrendered shortly afterwards, and in world war ii. up next on the presidency, education director marc adams shows items in the areas truman presidential library and museum collection to tell the story of president truman's decision to use the bo

in germany, there are many films about nazis, about historic nazis, but also about neo—nazis, and i thinkdical movement from the 60s and 70s, but up from then there is no telling, there are no films about a very strong left—wing movement. of necessity, historically, film—makers have given a lot of thought to germany's past and venice is also showing an out of competition documentary, final account, by the late british director, luke holland. burnt in suibs. he spent a decade interviewing the last generational alive who took part in world war ii. some who were part of the elite nazi guard, the ss, have repented of their actions — others still refused to acknowledge they did anything wrong. how do you think germany is going to react to your film? there might be hate from right—wing groups against the film, but there might also be a lot of criticism from left—wing groups because i don't idealize it, i try to be precise. 0ur movie is not giving a simple answerand that is what we need. we need movies to move us so we are confused after it. angry young men and women wanting to remake a broken w

this is a live from the berlin suspicions of neo nazis within the german police force police raided some of their own officers earlier today 29 have been suspended for sharing images such as swastikas and online chat groups a lot of the now things criminal investigations also coming up we need to go. and we need meat to do things better european commission president on the line said her vision for the future of the e.u. in her 1st state of the union address. golf it's good to have you with us police here in germany launched raids against some of their fellow officers on wednesday officers suspected of trading neo nazi images in private online chat groups 29 police officers in the german state of north rhine-westphalia have been suspended 11 are now under criminal investigation images shared in the group's include pictures of adult hitler and nazi symbols such as swastikas and this is not the 1st time that germany's security forces have been at the center of a scandal involving far right extremists. by this grace and a slap in the face for germany's police forces that's what the interior

in germany, there are many films about nazis, about historic nazis, but also about neo—nazis, and i thinkms exist, but there are also films about the left—wing radical movement from the 60s and 70s, but up from then there is no telling, there are no films about a very strong left—wing movement. of necessity, historically, film—makers have given a lot of thought to germany's past and venice is also showing an out of competition documentary, the final account, by the late british director luke holland. he spent a decade interviewing the last generation alive who took part in world war ii. some who were part of the elite nazi guard, the ss, have repented of their actions — others still refused to acknowledge they did anything wrong. how do you think germany is going to react to your film? there might be hate from right—wing groups against the film, but there might also be a lot of criticism from left—wing groups because i don't idealize it, i try to be precise. 0ur movie is not giving a simple answer, and that is what we need. we need movies to move us so we are confused after it. angry youn

neo nazis was in the german police force felice raided some of their own officers earlier today 'd 29 have been suspended for sharing images such as swastikas in chat groups a love and criminal investigations also coming up we need to go. and we need to do things better european commission president. said her vision for the future of the e.u. in her 1st state of the union address plus he's guilty of corruption the former head of world athletics is sentenced to 2 years in prison following a doping scandal his attorneys say the court has made him a scapegoat. it's good to have you with us we begin right here in germany where police have launched raids against some of their own colleagues officers and suspected of trading neo nazi images in private online chat groups 29 police officers in the german state of north rhine-westphalia have been suspended 11 are now under criminal investigation images shared include pictures of adult hitler and nazi symbols such as swastikas and this is not the 1st time germany's security forces have been at the center of a scandal involving far right extremi

from that moment onward, the supreme commander counted on weakened nazi resistance. steadiest symbols of the war. ofh his crossing in march 1945, the heart of the enemy's defenses was cracked. there remained a substantial task of mopping up what was left of the enemy west of the rhine. [gunfire] and accepting his surrender in the droves that began to appear. of the enemy'ss fatherland wearable, as allied troops -- were rubble, as allied troops moved through them in the enemy's defeat. ♪ both commander and g.i. were able to find the exultation that comes when victory is close. ♪ [cheerful orchestral music] victory came finally with the german surrender in a schoolhouse on may 7, 1945. the return to peace was signaled by the supreme commander. >> i have the proud privilege of speaking for a victorious army of almost 5 million fighting men. they and the women who have so ably assisted them constitute the allied expeditionary forces that have liberated western europe. they have captured or destroyed enemy armies totaling more than their own strength. merely to name my pr

they are discussing now that nazis have surrendered may 8, how they are going to finish and win the waragainst the japanese. for about 45 minutes there is a long discussion of the invasion of japan, how many troops it will take, how long will prolong the war, how many hundreds of thousands of casualties they will be on both sides and at the end it's quite a junior man in the room, the assistant secretary of war named john mccloy ended up becoming a major figure in midcentury america, he was a high commissioner to germany, he was the member of the warren commission, head of the world bank and he was a junior guy there and truman says, nobody gets out of the room without telling what they think. mccloy asked henry stimson his boss at the war department he says go ahead. he said, i think we ought to have our heads examined if we don't at least discuss the bomb. that was literally the war cabinet the first time in this meeting they been talking about the casualties and the length of the invasion and how bloody it was going to be nobody ever said, yes but we might have the bomb, until he sai

suspicions of neo-nazis within the german police force. police raided some of their own officers earlier today. 29 have been suspended for shararing images such as swastis in online chat rooms. 11 now face criminal investigations. also coming up -- >> we need to go faster, and we need to do things better. >> the european union commission president sets out her vision of the future of the eu and her first state of the union address. plus, guilty of corruption. the former head of world athletics is sentenced to two years in prison following a doping scandal. his lawyers say the court has made him escape vote. and how to keep her lens party scene going during the pandemic -- berlin's party scene going during the pandemic. one businessman thinks he may have found the answer. ♪ brent: i'm brent goff. to our viewers watching on pbs in the united states and all around the world, welcome. we start here in germany, where police have launched raids against some of their own colleagues. officers suspected of trading neo-nazi imagery and online chat r

the nazis were invading, france was teetering, everything had gotten worse and worse. there were two options we could do, one was people wanted to stay out of the war at any cost, basically wanted to get rid of the army. it was a huge factor, isolationist, they wanted to build a navy, but not be worried about the army because they cannot imagine us having to fight overseas. forthen there were called lack of a better term, the interventionist, people who bought at the moment we would go to the war. we also had our eye on the other side of the world in japan which was becoming more and more abouterent, making noise driving the british out of hong kong, driving the americans out of the philippines. this was going on at both ends. up anad to start gearing industry, aircraft, etc. which we hadte doable because a lot of brilliant companies that were looking for sort of a way out of depression that needed the money and the assembly lines. but we also had to create an army and that was the biggest problem was how do you create this big army? to 70.you go from zero you've got a

is a nazi not a jew. by a man who claims to be a jew sneak something behind it and shoots worshipers in it back down a place which is sacred to be arabs and. after a clear sighted that i'm not pulled what can i compare him to then man or she will compare him to arafat and you know i don't want to compare him to anyone compare him to arafat's own mother shot off a savage killer plan your medicine has got the arafat made mistakes and i say he made mistakes and seems to know when he stood up and said no more war i recognize the state of israel and its right to security in the school taliban not be as lawyer was i don't just buy that arafat's life is in danger so i am. here that is why i pity him laughs it could go that that i did love america that there stargirl he decided to stop the killing both that i never had and never was shot i was there but there i'm concerned for the children and i know that children need a partner i know of at the moment i'm sure about but there are many and that is as i there but

your nazi station i was shot in the ass and voted no association. i waited a week and of all to give out and bought 5 bunches of flowers human choice to kick out when i asked the baker if he had any fruitcake like cindy and she said no. we're sold out i listened and i said what a shame recovered but i wanted to give one to the refugees who were snowed badly received here and then she said oh in that case i do have one available cannot construct. this. line increasing studios here in. michigan he seems to will find it. in the mean time the iranian family feels more integrated in fribourg. bastone doesn't speak much german after 5 years in germany i think a managed it. after 5 years so the 1st year i can forget and clausen it. dirt after that i learned a german a little bit and then i worked for 2 years. and i'm still working. i want to improve my german and live in peace without any problem or no problem. the 2 children back and i some have a future in germany another child was not so fortunate. little alarm comedy how did that story continue. i can

it's a good thing we didn't have a skinny plan for the apollo project or to beat the nazis. i have confidence there are members in congress on both

any comparison to nazi germany and the soviet union are insane but we will take that up over a drink sometime. what congress can do foremost is no harm. don't pursue campaign-finance reform in violation of the first amendment, don't pursue hate crime laws. hate speech laws there in violation of the first amendment. most important question at this time in our national life is something suzanne was saying earlier, speech that you disagree with, speech that makes you angry, speech you even feel is hateful is not a physical threat to you. you don't respond by trying to shut that person down, chasing them off a podium or college campus or insulting them. you respond by stating your contrary view. that is debate in a free republic, that makes the country great and viewers out there might agree with me or might agree with the congressman but we have demonstrated, a nice little bow around this, the benefits of living in a country where people can get together and have vigorous argument and try to persuade. that is at the root of the american republic and should be defended at all costs not j

they ban people from having nazi , theand nazi materials germans have seen us up close and personal. i had an sensors that were killed in the concentration -- i had ancestors that were killed by nazi-ism the genocide talk. that is why i think there could be an exception for hate speech that leads to genocide. it is a fine line to drop what it is a fine line in any constitution. i am a supporter of the first amendment and the press. -- there are so many newspapers in the last 20 years or whatever. this is the first year i ran for office and it used to be a big deal that you would get the endorsement of the newspaper, there was no endorsement. newspapers in tennessee, it has become like shoppers news. that was something the newspaper used to do. it was an afternoon paper here. [indiscernible] i do think i have said that the police situation with protesters was like nazi germany. what i said was what trump directed at his rallies to cnn and news reporters and put the focus on them and people started -- that ism different from the police. that is a president who purposely takes the polic

the nazis were attacking britain, france was teetering, everything had gotten worse and worse. there were two fractions in the country, one was people wanted to stay out of the war at any cost, basically wanted to get rid of the army. it was a huge factor, the isolationist, they wanted to build a navy, but not even worry about the army because they cannot imagine us having to fight overseas. and then there were what were called for lack of a better term, the interventionist, people who knew at some moment we would be forced to go to the war. we also had our eye on the other side of the world in japan which was becoming more and more belligerent, making noise about driving the british out of hong kong, driving the americans out of the philippines. this was going on it at both ends. what had to be done was not only did they have to start gearing up an industry, aircraft, etc. which was quite doable because we had a lot of brilliant companies that were looking for sort of a way out of the depression that needed the money and needed to open the assembly lines. but we also had to cr

you can see here the nazi swastika symbol. this is the passport he had when he came to england. great grandfather outfit, a jewish doctor. he was one of the very few jewish people, soldiers were going across first-class. when the nazis came to power, he could not imagine things going as bad as they became because he was german. this is the neighbor telling my great-grandfather to get out of the country. the young man came down the sandy path. he took out a key, opened the door, and saw at once that the house needed help. so i went back to germany in 2013 and i found the house in terrible shape. the windows were broken and the walls had graffiti. over the last six or seven years, i have been working with a local cmunity and members of my own family to first clean up the house, save it from destruction. it is now protected as a monument. the house is now a place of education, a place of reconciliation, where members of the public, schoolkids can visit. it is a chance for them to look at the history, learn lessons of the past, so that hopefully we do not make the same mistakes agai

recognized and measures were taken after that but this is now the 3rd state where such exchanges of nazi symbolism. it's been proven and it points towards potentially a greater issue a greater problem of this is not just completely localized and this is of course against the backdrop of an increase in crimes here and so it's a very very worrying and well something to take place indeed but we don't know how sick instant it is right now ok it's a developing story and of course we'll stay on that story and to look you know thank you very much now let's take a look at some of the other stories making headlines around the world today mexico's president under manuel lopez obrador has asked the country's senate for a referendum on prosecuting 5 of his predecessors for widespread corruption he's also accused them of presiding over quote excessive concentration of wealth and monumental losses to the treasury. explosions and a huge blaze have ripped through the port area of. italy's under the arctic coast blast sparked the fires shortly after midnight local time firefighters say warehouses and tru