nazis maintained a building for medical experiments. medical scientists from berlin periodically to reinforce the erks permital staff. new toxins and anti-toxins were tried on inmates. few who enters the experimental buildings ever emerged alive. one of the weapons used by ss guards. the body disposal plant. inside are the ovens which gave the crematorium a maximum capacity of 400 bodies per 10-hour days. the ovens of extremely modern design made by a custom of baking ovens. the firm's name is clearly inscribed. all bodies were finally reduced to bone ash. >> dachau. factory of horrors. dachau near mumplgen, one of the oldest of the nazi prison camps. it's known 1941 to 1944 up to 30,000 people were entombed here at one time. and 30,000 were present when the allies reached dachau. the nazis said it was the prison for political dissenters. habitual criminals and enthusiasts. >> when these scenes were filmed over 1,600 priests representing many denominations still remained alive. they came from germany, poland, czechoslovakia, france, and

he never joins the nazi party. von poppen is really too catholic to be a full-fledged nazi. but he's a game player and a manipulator in his own right. but he's more, he's more of an old-line, continental conservative really, than a nazi. >> were poppen and -- [inaudible] charged? >> i'm not sure if they were charged. there were four counts, and i don't know if they were charged with -- there was waging aggressive war, crimes against humanity and a couple others. waging an aggressive war might have been, you know, the catch-all for all of them. von poppen certainly could have been charged with that because he was -- except it wasn't a war. it sort of wasn't a war. he was in charge with taking over austria. he was the ambassador to austria when the nazis march in. hitler sent him to austria, wanted to sort of get him out of the way, but also because he was, you know, the token catholic guy as opposed to the anti-clerical guys like borman. he could send him to autrey are are -- austria, and they wouldn't get too nervous. but that's getting ahead of the scope of my book. do you

how much art did the nazis loot? >> millions of works.itler was collecting them for his own private collection, and there were soldiers at all ranks who were grabbing and plundering. >> in 1994, miriam flies to europe to use the diary to reassemble the pieces of her father's life. what did you find? >> i went to berlin, to the newspaper archives that i had been told previously did not exist. and i was very excited to find portraits my father published in the newspaper. >> it's miriam's first big discovery -- a vast spread of her father's sketches, from the 1920s to early '30s, of luminaries including politicians, sports personalities, and musicians. and what did finding the newspaper clipping do for you? >> it showed me that i could find more. it would help me find evidence of the lost work that the nazis did not destroy. >> and miriam's strange inheritance is about to lead to more evidence -- kept by the nazis themselves -- that will resurrect some of friedman's early paintings and shed new light on his darkest works. this is a particula

he never joins the nazi party.n pop and is really to catholic to be a full-fledged nazi, but he is aa game player and a manipulator in his own right he is more of an old line come the conservative than the nazis. >> what were they charged with? >> i'm not sure. four counts. i don't know if they were charged with waging aggressive war, crimes against humanity and a couple others. waging an aggressive war might have been, you know, the catchall for all of them and on pop and certainly could have been charged with that because except there was not work. he was in charge with taking over austria, ambassador to austria not pleased to have the nazis margin. hitler sent him to austria because he was the probing catholic dying. you could send in austria and they would not get too nervous. probably something like that >> you want to throw me out? just let it go? five minutes. no. no. the lady them back. >> the gentleman raise the question. very popular. he would not -- you could not kill so many intellectuals. i find a lot

my aunt was no nazi. she helped her jewish neighbor, and they didn't file a claim because they were grateful to her, and how do you come off here filing a claim and demanding she get out of her house and your big deal, you're offering her one-tenth of what she paid for it? and i said, sir, i am here to carry out the law. that's what's provided in the law, and i think the law is correct. i negotiated with your aunt and i negotiated with others. we try to reach a settlement. we try to be fair in our settlements and not to adhere to the last drop of blood or pound the flesh. we make the safe offer to your aunt. she refuses. i will simply carry out the law which is a military government law, if you may recall, and i am the director general of that organization appointed by military government to carry out that law, and that's what i intend to do. so please advise your aunt accordingly. he said, like hell i will. i'll show you. and he called mr. mccloy, john mccloy, in the high commission of germany. mr. mcclo

nazi germany believed jews had no right to live, yes, the holocaust was designed by the nazis.ost every country in europe. for 70 years, philosophers and historians have tried to explain auschwitz and for 70 years, no one has come up with an adequate answer. so auschwitz never goes away. this aux place stands as a reminder that propaganda leads to anti-semitism. as a reminder that anti-semitism will grow if nobody speaks out. as a reminder, that when whole countries are filled with hate, anti-semitism leads to places like auschwitz. i was going to make a very different speech here today but after the recent events in paris and throughout europe, and around the world, i cannot ignore what is happening today. jews are targeted in europe once again because they are jews. synagogues and jewish businesses are attacked. there are mass demonstrations with thousands of people shouting death threats to the state of israel and to jews. shortly, after the end of world war ii, after we saw the reality of auschwitz, and other death camps, no normal person wanted to be associated with the an

allies invasion of north africa, dulles slipped into switzerland with orders from donovan to penetrate nazi germany. in burnie set up what amounted to a mini cia running espionage operations funding guerrilla missions in occupied france and italy and inundating washington with foreign policy advice. most of it unsolicited. they were not interested. for his step dulles recruited a handful of americans living in switzerland. one of them was married bankrupt, and american socialite who eventually became his mistress. he had scores of informants on his payroll. many of them turned out to be professional snitches who often passed the same sequence to the germans in the morning, british in the afternoon and to dulles in the evening. but dulles met them all. he did want to repeat the mistake you made in world war i with a blood related and had some sources. he recruited fritz kolbe, short, bald german foreign office diplomat with the big ears nbd eyes who delivered some 1000 secret nazi political military intelligence cables to dulles. called the first had the documents strapped around his leg whe

documentary and then the original introduction of the film in the nuremberg courtroom. >> the film "nazi compilation created to be shown as proof against the high command that the tried at the tribunal in 1945 and '46. it was film that was shot by the allied -- i think just -- well, no. the soviets, too. allied troops as they entered several of the larger concentration camps so it shows corpses. it shows the state in which they found many of the survivors, footage that many people will have seen today in different context but it was one film at one time. >> how important was it as evidence at the time? >> it was very important, not only because of the shocking and sort of visceral nature of what you see on the screen, but also i believe it was the first or perhaps not the first but one of the first examples of film being used as evidence alongside of all the documents they used to try these men. >> is there still value in viewing it today? >> there is a great deal of value viewing it today. as i said, if you're a world war ii buff, you will have seen the images before but it's interestin

sova nazi moves out. and even with the germans but then the people at the top of the government are larry of that. and as a representative of the republic but we complain that there is the lot of reasons to complain about that. of what happens totally in his party. so with the coalition is to get things done. everybody to get along with anyone the 51 parties. the socialist state the communist the communist take the socialist the nationalist hate the nazi. the middle-class parties had evaporated since the depression so you cannot form a parliamentary authority anymore. and then hindenburg will name that. so the constitution of the republic says you can do two things. there is article 48. that is like executive orders. they canby overridden but there is article 25 that says they can call for new elections. so if you want to overturn the executive order? you have a dictatorship going on. with one chancellor after another. now back to america. one thing that will help roosevelt to neil that down you have a ri

the nazi propaganda minister. hitler was one of their wedding guests and sir oswald moseley saw it as his job to not just keep britain from going to war with his beloved germany he saw it as his job to organize a complementary fascist movement inside the uk. he formed this organization as the british union of fascists in '32. they changed their name to the union of fascists and national socialists. national socialists as it nazis. and believe it or not, it was a fairly popular movement. they had tens of thousands of members in the 1930s. oswald moseley modeled himself in his own leadership style and most of his policy proposals specifically on mussolini. there tended to be violence at moseley events and rallies, a lot of which the british fascists tried to provoke themselves because they thought it was a healthy part of their political image and gave them a reason to form a sort of uniformed guard to police their events alongside real british police. their paramilitary guards wore distinctive black shirts which is

he was a nazi. he was a concentration camp commandant and he was responsible for the murder of thousands of jews. >> c-span: why did you want to write a book about this? >> guest: it was a decision that i did not make immediately after i found out who my biological grandfather was. it was something that i decided over a long period when i - when i myself understood more, i thought that what happened to me is such an extraordinary story and it's a story that one needs to share. and this was one of the main reasons why i decided to write it down and to share it with the public, but there was another reason. the reason was that i came across a quote by batina gury (ph) and batina gury (ph) is the grandniece of gury was the chief commander of the air force - the german air force during the nazi era, and she and her brother both decided to and when i read this, i was stunned because i thought this was so utterly wrong. so i thought it's important to set a different and to set a positive example because y

most of his family was killed by the nazis. he has survived both being shot while trying to be -- trying to escape, and he also survived a death march when he was 15 years old. you will hear from him what it was like the day he was liberated by the american army on april 25, 1945. we're honored to have such a --tinct panel to discuss such a distinguished panel to discuss these issues. we have to deal with these issues both at peace and that were -- at war. i will start with kernel changes -- colonel shames. when theylk about rescued a large group of british troops. 70th this is the anniversary of the end of the war, you can either sit or come up, ok. , could youe to ask please tell us what he volunteered as a paratrooper. parachutet like to into normandy on d-day. colonel shames: just to let you know who i am, i'm at shames of the original band of brothers. i was part of a military unit which won the war, almost single-handed. you listen to all of the stuff you heard today, forget it. we won the war. you don't believe it -- get

and so they had this nazi mentality and they used nazi methods. >> hinojosa: in the year 1976, '77, '78. that's pretty horrifying. >> it's horrifying to know that it can happen all over again, that it happened in... argentina is a country that is very similar to the united states in its... it's an immigrant country, there's every nationality in argentina, people get on well, pretty well, and this happened. and it means it can happen anywhere. >> hinojosa: so what is the lesson, robert cox, that you feel all of us need to heed, again, after you lived through a dirty war that actually happened in front of your face. what is the message to us? how should we live our lives? >> the important thing is honest journalism, i think. i mean, in argentina, you had no journalism at that time, and to live in a country without journalism, without people being able to talk to each other all the time... >> hinojosa: so fighting for a free press. >> oh, that's tremendously important. >> hinojosa: and? >> and... decency. you know, let's talk about human rights and human decency. because what was lacking

nazi germany was still one of the world's most tightly run police state. the average german citizen had up to 18 different basic identity documents, an oss unit had to forge so casey, who eventually had 3430 -- 330 people working for him, had to scramble. the last five months of the war he managerred to parachute more than 150 agents in germany to radio back intelligence for the advancing allied armsies. his spies had to improvise on the fly. a two-man team code nailed show sure enlisted the help of two french women working in -- forced to work in a bavarian brothel. the women would bees entice military secrets, one one of the oss agents hid in the closet with a flashlight taking notes. bill colby. our next subject. bornin' 1920, he was an army brat. his father, who rows to the rank of colonel, was something of a curmudgeon. colby spend his early years moving from run duty station to another. he wanted to follow in his father's footsteps and be an army officer but he graduated from high school ahead of schedule at the age of 16. his yearbook nicknamedded h

the search for a hidden nazi treasure comes up short... a pair of explorers claim they found train loads of stolen nazi treasure earlier this year -- people to try and find the gold. today a group of polish experts announced their findings -- they say the claims of treasure are "inconclusive.. going on to say their may be a tunnel with gold - but no trains. a new pictures is giving an increadible bird's eye view to a volcanic eruption... check it out - this picture is from nasa... you can't actually see mount etna because it's underneath a massive cloud of ash. this picture wss taken december fourth as nasa's terra satellite passed over italy. a series of eruptions this month are its first in two years. the power of the force was on display in hollywood for the world premieiee of star waas: the monday night was the film's premiere at the famed grauman's chinese theatre in hollywood, california. after years of delays "star wars: the force awakens" opens friday in theaters wwrldwide. the red carpet was four times longer than the carpet used

that was the scope of it yes. >> up coming race war in this country. >> an outgrowth of the american nazi party of the 1950s. scoop is the ceo of white power label ns 88. 88 is like are for heil hit plerp. >> whiskey bottles and rebel flags. we've got gigaboos on the run and they fear the setting sun. wonder you say that song is advocating violence against black americans? >> i'd say it is freedom of expression. again, we have to remember this is a song, no one's advocating going out and necessarily doing these kind of things. >> wade michael page did. he went out and killed six people. >> to say that the music made him do that, no, i think that's ridiculous. is that's like saying if i watched a violent tv show, i'm going to go out and reenact what i saw in that tv show. >> for christian it was music that led him to embrace hate but in music he moved away and embraced peace. >> i started to have conversations with black people or jewish people or with same sex couples or with gays people. i couldn't justify my hate anymore. i began to be embarrassed by the music i kent behind the counter.

i was like, "no, i was not involved in any nazi party from '33 to '45, or currently".like, what the hell are you talking about? and then it's like, "are you a terrorist?" like, literally, are you a terrorist? i'm like, "who says yes?" like, seriously? who says yes? >> the worst terrorist in the world. >> (laughs) you know? yeah, exactly did you catch somebody off guard? is that what happened? like, hey, have you or anybody else you know been involved with or given funds to any terrorist organizations? like, "oh, you got me! you're so tricky! ah, here's the bomb. be careful, all right? hey, cut the green one, okay? i'm just kidding. the red one. i don't know." right? i mean, like, who does that? >> was that question about ties in the nazi party even a little bit more insulting, given the fact of your palestinian heritage? >> palestinian background? maybe. i don't know if it was even intentional on his part. because it showed i was born in kuwait. and people are very confused. like, "oh, well, you're born in kuwait, you must be kuwaiti." like, no, i'm not kuwaiti. that's

you can see donald trump essentially doing a not see a nazi salute. his hairstyle is in a ku klux klan style robe. some shady characters he is being likened to in the world. genie: his comments have drawn outrage around the world. flo: "the guardian" has their editorial today, saying that his anti-muslim speech is close to lynch mob politics. have you no decency, mr. trump? anti-muslim proposal would be struck down probably as unconstitutional on the ground. it still speaks for and it still speaks to many white americans and signals that the 2016 presidential race has taken a step to the right. it echoes what we are seeing in europe, according to the guardian. we are the recent success of the far right in the first round of regional elections. genie: much of the focus has been on the marine le pen family and their different political style. flo: you can see marine le pen and her niece. she is running in the north region. her niece is running in the south region. them talking about north, south. the two interpretations of the national front. genie: tha

he wrote to of the rise of the beast that people took to be a celebration his sister was a nazi so there is sailing ship -- a linkage so with the american imagination he really is linked to world war ii and the entire not see ideology but here we have the germans who wanted the uber race we know the son of human people the wrong approach during world war ii and nietzsche was just implicated in all of this. >> what is his reputation today? is there such a thing? >> george isn't a thinker of much today although we should as a poet and novelist with that hypertrophied self that hyper and aggrandize so that what he called the german minder the german temperament then to become the great exemplar is a mind that could not deal with the elements so he is pretty decisive that is from a robust demand careful thinker that there are plenty of others in interesting case here is the example of allan bloom the reception of his famous book a blockbuster book what is wrong with higher education? they're getting this pluralism and cultural lissome they're not getting great ideas or the challenges of thos

his sister was a proto nazi, and in her closing years she welcomed hitler to the nietzsche archives, so there's a linkage to hitler and very unfortunate picture'shart explore lists lists forester with a nietzsche bust so the american imagination gets linked to world war ii, and the entire nazi ideology that, here we have the germans who didn't just want an uber mensch but wanted an uber-race, and we know the language -- the subhuman people, which was all throughout germany during world war ii, nietzsche was just implicated in all of this. >> host: what is his reputation today and who ills the antinietzsche philosophy philosopher? is there such a thing? >> guest: there's plenty. i don't think they're as interesting. sure. i mean, george santana, is not a thinker that we talk about much today but we should because he was a towering intellectual, a towering philosopher, andpot and novelist in the -- and poet and novelist in the early 20th 20th century hitch thought nietzsche was everything with what he thought was wrong with what the called the german mind, the hyper aggrandized self. h

. >> you remember the nazi death. clickdeath. kids taken by protective there were also known for going to court and a nazi uniform. on the run right now. >> go ahead and charge him with assault of some kind. >> they charged him with aggravated assault which resulted in what? >> on the most wanted list. >> whose? >> police say campbell beat her up. she says she and campbell had quarrels. she had a tantrum. >> i went into one of my favorites. i waited to see if he would come back, so he didn't. working, throwing stuff around. says he didsays he did it. i figured let's get back at him for leaving me. it wasn't. >> three days later she went to the township to recant her accusation. the assault charges are definitely pending. >> captured by law enforcement. >> spending resources looking for him? recanted the entire story. when they were called out there it was not on a medical call but an assault call. she told in the 1st day she had been jumped. >> that is the problem with domestic violence a lot of times. said, but if th

but cruz referred to the nazis. is that acceptable rhetoric from ted cruz?> reporter: when you lo >> well, when you're seeing trump and cruz rise to the top, it's because they are saying what is on the minds of the american people. they want national security. they want border security. they want bold leadership. they don't want someone who is going to roll over with the establishment and play politics as usual. these two men are real forces in this campaign and i think in iowa it's going to be down to trump and cruz. i have to believe that cruz is defining the conservatives and i believe he has a chance to be successful in the state of iowa. >> all right. i noticed you didn't directly address my question on the nazi issue. carl, let me put that to you. you have ted cruz talking about nazis and obamacare and donald trump saying he wants to ban all muslims. >> sure. >> these things are offensive to a lot of people and divisive to a lot of people. >> they are divisive. the american people have a fire in their gut and they are igniting it. the iowa poll, that's

he said some of them had to be nazi, if you owned a store, if you weren't a nazi, you couldn't own a store. but some unfriendly press corps members ferreted this out, and they had a very unpleasant press conference which they got patton to anytime this. andizeen -- to admit this. eisin lawyer, it finally gave him the excuse he wanted. what he did was he regave him command of another army, the 12th army, which was essentially a paper army. but he was going home anyway, patton was. unfortunately, a few days before he was returning home, he was going pheasant hunting. he was in one of the big cadillac cars, the driver crossed over a railroad track, and this was a line of trucks coming the other way. one of them veered over to the lane and hit the left-hand side of that car. nobody was hurt in the car but general patton who was somehow propelled upward and forward, and he struck his head on a steel object that was holding the glass partition between the driver and the people in the back, and it paralyzed him. and it paralyzed him to such an extent that he was doomed. but the army immedia

the text is inspired by a german pastor of the nazis. >> nicole: new developments in the investigation of san bernardino shootings, syed farook may have thought of another terror attack prior to the one in san bernardino, it appears the information was revealed in interviews with enrique mÁrquez who bought the rifles that were used in last week's massacre. investors are looking in the possibility that ta -- malik are you sure radicalized before she came to the united states. the 6-month-old girl in custody battle. the baby is not expected to be raised by relatives but aunt and uncle moved to try to gain custody. >> cheryl: let's take a look at what's going on in asia. flat, flat finish asia. shanghai barely getting .0 percent. >> nicole: you saw big action. the cac and dax half percent each, ftse down two tenths of 1%. >> cheryl: hey, we were higher, we changed all that, dow pointing lower 11 points and s&p lower 4 in the premarket. >> nicole: gain of 46 cents, 37.97 a barrel. >> cheryl: let's talk about chemicals because two of the bigg

he didn't think some of the nazis were bad because some of them had to be nazis. if you had to own the store and do i not see you couldn't own the store. that was his rationale right or wrong. some unfriendly press corps members ferreted this out. they had an unpleasant press conference, virtually they got patton to admit this. eisenhower finally gave them the excuse he wanted. in he didn't fire pat like the newspaper said. he would leave one arm indicating command of another army, which is essentially a playground but he was going home anyway, patton was. unfortunately, a few days before he was return home he was going pheasant hunting. there was another general, a big army cadillac staff cars, and the driver left, with over the rover tracks and there was a line of trucks coming the other way. one of them. over to the lane and hit the left hand side of that car and nobody was hurt, but general patton who was pushed forward and struck his head on a steel object between the driver and the people in the back. it paralyzed in and paralyzed him to such an extent that

to see mussolini as a greater threat than they initially had, it was not hard to find traces behind nazi philosophy and mussolini's fascism. and solo and behold, nietzsche, yet again, is seen as the author and visionary of what would become world war ii. of course, nietzsche wrote of things that were not so hard to turn into -- or to make him implicated. he wrote of the rise of the blond beast, which people thought, took to be his celebration of the aryan race. his sister actually was a proto-nazi, and in her closing years she welcomed hitler to the nietzsche archive, so there's a linkage to hitler and some very unfortunate pictures of hitler and elizabeth forester with a nietzsche bust at the nietzsche archive. so nietzsche really gets linked to world war ii in the american imagination and the entire nazi ideology that here we have germans wanted an uber race. and we know the language of the subhuman people which was all throughout germany during world war ii, nietzsche was just implicated in all of this. >> host: what's his reputation today, and who's the anti-nietzsche philosopher? wh

he could not drive the nazis. -- bribe the nazis. they kept changing the guards. every two weeks. a new one came in. people would not bargain anymore. they did not have anything left. 1940 to october 1942, we have a whole family together. then, they decided there were too many people to feed. so, they had a "selection." they brought in extra soldiers and chased us out of the ghetto. area.e all in the same they brought in dogs and soldiers. they chased us into an open the army was. it was a local place with a desk. nazis's were there--the were there. n id,u did not have a they took you. separated. they took the grandmothers and women away from us. so that was my life at 12 years old. i was the baby of the nine children we had. my mother tried to give me a little hug. they pushed her back with a rifle butts. they said, "you cannot come back here." she went with fielder people. --with the older people. that was the end of that. i never saw them again. i was left with three sisters, because we were working in the munitions factory. after the selection, they did not let us go back into

from berlin neave barker reports. >> arriving in court the last survivor of the most violent neo-nazi gang in post-war german. she has remained silent until now. also in court, relatives of some of the ten people the national socialist underground are accused of murdering. eight turks a greek, and a policewoman was shot dead. she is is accused of being involved in two bombings in cologne and 15 bank robberies. >> i would hope that she will give answers to key questions such as how big the neo-nazi terror network was, what role did the service play and most important for my client why did my father, our brother, our son have to die? why was he chosen? >> in a statement read out by shaefer's lawyers, she denied any involvement. she apologized to the victims' families, but said she had nothing to do with the killings. she said that they were carried out by her two lovers, men she became emotionally dependent upon. they were found dead in an apparent suicide pact. shaefer is believed to have set fire to the flat where the three of them lived. there were weapons and video evidence linked t

the nazis killed 12 million people. it seems a little extreme and perhaps even a lot desperate to compare donald trump to the nazis. >> look, jake, that's not what is being done here. and the gentleman you hear speaking is a former p.o.w. who feels very strongly about the united states being united. this is a message about uniting people. when you attack hispanics, when you characterize all muslims in a very negative way, when you insult women. we don't think that's good. we think that at this point in time more than any other time we need to have america united. we need to have an american president who will unite us and not divide us. it's no more than that. any read into that is not intended or meant. >> on that line of criticism against the frontrunner, donald trump. the washington post this morning in an editorial is calling for republican leaders, speaker ryan, leader mcconnell, you to state publicly that you would never endorse or vote for trump. they feel like he is that negative an influence in american politic

, and defeating hitler and the nazis. before the end of the war, there's an election in england, and churchill's thrown out, by his own friends and people. there is this exhaling if you will, on the part of an electorate, that when a huge, international, political burden is removed from their shoulders, they go to the other party. - catharsis, yeah. - yeah. - george bush lost, margaret thatcher was kicked out by her own party, maroni lost, mitterrand lost, kohl eventually lost. the australian prime minister lost, the japanese prime minister lost and his ruling party was kicked out for the first time. - right, so it was a moment. - it was a moment in history, over a two or three-year period, this catharsis, as you call it, occurs and everybody turns to the opposing party. - can i go back to your first reason because i think that the conventional wisdom on one of the reasons that republicans were not as enthusiastic about president bush, and some peeled off to support ross perot, some may just not have voted, is this idea t

this is a chant that the nazis used to use. but to my surprise the people aren't stereotypical skinheads. they seem like regular folks who are just scared. islam it's okay, but no so much. >> reporter: just 100 yards away from the pegida rally there is a much smaller rally of anti-pegida protesters. your critics say that your rhetoric is inspiring violence against the refugees. >> okay. if they say it, okay. but it isn't. >> this is going to be hard to contain. the police are moving the counter protesters away but the pegida folks are occupying the high ground. minor skirmishes like this are just a foretaste of what bachmann says lies ahead. >> the outcome is going to be civil war in europe. >> civil war in europe? >> civil war in europe. this is going to be the outcome. >> reporter: the next morning we head two hours north to meet a young man who finds himself in the middle of this potential war. quite well. >> i'm from syria, aleppo. >> reporter: we met 21-year-old ali in september in turkey. >> hello. >> reporter: we followe