household cash flow is paramount for clients here at nclc. day-to-day cash flow really matters, some upfront costs associated with grid modernization create particular problems for our clients. a report that olivia sent around a little while ago demonstrated that payday loans, which i think a lot of people in the room are familiar with, the number one reason that people take out these sometimes devastating loans, is to pay utility bills. cash flow. i do not know how will you can see this, but there was a 2015 survey of all residential consumers in the united states. the results showed that among household below $20,000 in income, 40% at some point during the previous year had given up a basic necessity to pay an energy bill, a basic necessity like food or medicine. so, we have cash flow issues that are critical and we need to deal with. advanced metering, when a lot of people and about marc grid, smart meters are the first thing that they think about. so, i want to say a few things about advanced metering, concerns for low income fall into th

give a special hello to moi colleague, olivia weun who is -- wine is here and to the person who ran nclc for many years, and grew an organization that is unique, been at national consumer law center for 19 years, will regrets every minute of it. okay. >> i would like to talk about grid modernization as it relates, particularly, to lower income consumers, data privacy issues that we have heard about are extraordinarily important, i am going to side step those a bit because some of the general consumer advocates here have got that under control in their focus on a couple of specific low income issues, i started assumption, in my work on technology issues, that clean energy is an imperative. there is no trade off between clean and affordable any more, they are both imperatives, equity is important but climate change is real and low income individuals and families are the first to be effected by the recommend -- ramifications of climate change, one of the opportunities we face in this technological and economic revolution is to reduce carbon intensity of the grid. as jim talked about, we hav