techs a very seasoned nco, k, had to leave school to get the family by. joins the army, fights through north africa, sicily, was heavily decorated. inyou were to take a poll the big red one on the eve of d-day, who was the most valorous soldier in this division, he would have gotten a lot of votes. spalding, you are new to combat. you are roughly about the same age as the sky, but he has been around a lot. -- this guy, but he has been around a lot. beachsection gets off the first. .ou can see where this happens right there where it says spalding. .hey start to work their way in they are like knives in the vitals to the germans. they do tremendous damage around and4, 62, lose to killed eight wounded. 11 men in this section of 32 got the distinguished service cross. another example, captain joe dawson, texan, who had seen combat earlier in the war. this is his first company command. he was a 30-year-old geologist who had worked in the oil business, the son of a prominent baptist minister and graduate of baylor university, feels he has to prove himself to hi

the offenders are either junior enlisted soldiers or junior ncos. they occur in barracks on fridays and saturday nights. alcohol is involved. and there is no one else present. and those are extraordinarily difficult cases to try. and that's why the prosecution rates are lower in the civilian sector. and because, as we heard from a d.a. previously, a grand jury is typically not going to. a commander, however, because it affects good order and discipline, with the advice of counsel, the army is currently trying 50% of their cases. 50% of their trials are sexual assault cases. conviction rates aren't relevant to this discussion, because it's lawyers who try cases, not commanders. so conviction rates aren't relevant. but 50% go to trial. and those that they're not able to, we track every single case. and we send a spreadsheet to the hill every year of every single case and we tell you exactly what we did with them. and we use those other tools. nonjudicial punishment. kicking someone out of the military. it isn't a perfect system. it isn't a perfect sys

sex crime so, i found the three soldiers who'd been raped to be credible victims, the perpetrator and nco was eventually reassigned to another unit. i juxtapose these experiences to illustrate the very different ways the military has approached how felony crimes have been handled over the years, sex crimes against women have never been treated with the same level of outrage or professionalism as other serious crimes. fortunately into the credit of members of congress the army no longer allows an untrained officer to investigate cases of raped but other problems persist. first, while military officers and those selected to command receive a great deal of training, they have little legal training. having taught at the two army's premier service colleges sky can tell you that the legal training is superficial at best and only senior-level commanders have jagged officers assigned to their staffs to advise them and these jagged officers are general and not prosecutors with no expertise in sex crimes. furthermore, the jagged officers assigned to senior leaders are always junior and subordinate

running for charity, many of them and what look like quite uncomfortable and what look like quite u ncoe costumes. i hope that is not as smelly as the average pair of trainers after running the london marathon! another interesting costu me, marathon! another interesting costume, i should say that earlier the kenyan runner eliud kipchoge won the kenyan runner eliud kipchoge won the men's race, setting a new course record, mo farah finished fifth. the women's race was won by another kenyan, brigid kosgei. 0ur reporter kate grey is at the finish line. ican i can say something quite interesting just very close to you! yes, iam interesting just very close to you! yes, i am actually surrounded by some very bizarre costumes at the moment, a gentleman dressed up as a sun, running this distance is not enough for some people, they like to dress up, and also a gentleman dressed as a tent, so more wild and wonderful every year, there has been a full size big ben, someone does dressed up as a postbox, brilliant scenes. they have been running for four hours now, a brilliant achievement, they love the

sounds great, but if we focus on just the victims and offenders, which is our junior enlisted and nco's, that number out of 4 is 3.3. we use these surveys. guess what? the next level command who does the rating gets to see that survey. if they see problems, that is how they know. an anonymous survey. rep. trahan: do we take time to 3.3ly do a deep dive on the ? >> a series of questions, congresswoman. rep. trahan: the systemic military culture change -- does anyone on this panel no -- is this an internally run culture change, or are we bringing outside experts in to help with the culture change? can someone speak to that? >> in recent years the military dod has hired a number of experts and run them inside the military. at the last panel, dr. van winkle spoke. i don't know what degree of latitude they are able to exercise once they have been brought in. rand does do some of the research. but they are quasi independent. so i would love to see is d.o.d. hire a red team type of organization to evaluate and analyze the work that they're doing. >> it would be great if we could have visibilit

army, most of whom are nco's who are great constructors, there's a pool of people wait to go -- waiting out of recruiting business and with this thing cyber warriors and skill sets, i sense an assumption that it would be easier to do it with all-volunteer force than in scripted force. let me go through 3 lines that i referred to all-volunteer force. the first one line is about 4 million people turned 18 every year in the united states, the second is 30% qualify can meet and that leaves with a million two. only 15% have a propensity to serves 180,000, were able to serve but unwilling to serve, merit scholars and valedictorian s and when you look at the trade-off between willing and able, i think what we need to look at those, thank you. >> thank you, sir. >> number 42. >> thank you for giving me me an opportunity to share my story with you. i'm one of those 11,000 volunteers working for the agency service system. i served in oregon and now in district of colombia. services are needing and necessary. we spend the money for -- well, we spend money to have insurance and i see the agency's r