she tempted a negro. she was white, and she tempted a negro. she did something that in our society is unspeakable. she kissed a black man. not an old uncle but a strong, young, negro man. no code mattered to her before she broke it but it came crashing down on her afterwards. her father saw it and the defendant has testified as to his remarks. what did her father do? we don't know, but there is circumstantial evidence to indicate that mae ella was beaten savagely by someone who was used almost exclusively to his left. we know in part what mr. yule did. he did what any god-fearing, persevering, respectable white man would do in the circumstances. he swore out a warrant. no doubt signing it with his left hand. and tom robinson now sits before you having taken the oath with the only good hand he possesses. his right hand. so humble, respectable, quiet negro who had the unmitigated at the merit to feel sore -- temerity for a white person. i need not remind you of their appearance or conduct on the stand. you saw them for yourselves. the witnesses o

other negros' jobs or white people's job? >> the main thing we ought to press on is to get it. delay is going to be disastrous. >> after two months humphrey was exhausted and worried. feeling pressure from both the president and civil rights leaders. finally, everett dirksen broke his silence with 22 amendments. when civil rights leaders demanded a tougher stand, humphrey pleaded for patience and took dirksen into a one on one closed-door session. two weeks later they surfaced with the bill intact and dirksen in the spotlight. >> i for one want to publicly express my admiration for you and my sin sear thanks for what i call service beyond the call of duty and putting country ahead of every other consideration. >> i could say as much for you, my friend, everett. >> thank you. >> we have lost a battle, of course, but we're not ready to

we started writing and getting replies back, we don't accept negros, we don't accept negros at this time. the university of maryland, we stated that we were high school negro graduates, you know? negro high school graduates wanting to continue our education to study nursing. and the university sent me the catalog that we requested and the application, and when i took my form to the medical doctor, rena brown he said did you contact the naacp? i said why? you know you're not going to get in there without their help. i said they sent me the application. he said it doesn't mean anything. i don't know today, but i believe he contacted them because i heard from donald murray asking me to come in and speak with them. then they wanted me to talk to charles houston. and when i met him he said, who put you up to it? and i said who put me up to what? and he said, who put you up to all of this? i said nobody. i told him how it all happened and he said okay, you're very brave. since you started it, we'll let you continue, if you get into any trouble, call on us. and of course when the time came for

besides as one federal officer stationed in northern alabama wrote, "the negros are our only friends." the question of former slaves aiding the union advance brings up an amusing argument in academic circles a few years ago. do the slaves become free as a result of white action? abraham lincoln or the union army. or were they self-emancipated. james mcpherson, the author of "battle cry of freedom" writing in 1995, noted a tendency in the previous 15 years to slight the role played by abraham lincoln in the end of slavery and to say in effect, the slaves freed themselves. mcpherson disagreed, emphasizing the importance of lincoln's prosecuting the war successfully. edward better len of the university of maryland wrote a rejoinder in which he said in effect the slaves did too free themselves. i find this exchange very reassuring because it shows that you can become an eminent historian even though you slept through the high school biology lecture where the teacher explained symbiosis. two beings that live in a mutually beneficial relationship. edward berlin came close when he wrote" ste

he wrote, sherman, if negroes are to be taken as soldiers by undue influence or force and compelled to leave their women and young with uncertainty of their new condition, freedom, that is, they cannot be relied on. but if they can put their families in some safe place and then earn money as soldiers or laborers, the transition will be more easy and the effect more permanent. the first step in the liberation of the negro from bondage will be to get him and his family to a place of safety, then to afford him the means of providing for his family. in a way, sherman showed greater insight than the new england abolitionists who came to the south carolina sea islands in 1862 to teach the former slaves to read and write and incidentally to organize them as a labor force. of the former slaves wanted to be left alone to tend it their vegetable gardens, the northerners wanted them to pick cotton, to help pay for the war. sherman was right to an extent about former slaves' disinclination to military service was shown in the widespread use of press gangs to round up recruits. it occurred not only

we don't accept negros. we don't accept negros at this time. our negro high school graduates want to continue our education and study nursing. the university send me the catalog that we requested and the application. when i took my form to the medical doctor, he said did you contact the naacp. i said why? he said you know you will not get in there without their help. i said they sent me the application. he said that doesn't mean anything. i don't know today, but i believe he contacted them because i heard from donald murray asking me to speak with them. then they asked me to meet with charles houston. he said who put you up to it? i said who put me up to what? he said who put you up to this? i said nobody. i told them how it happened. he said you are very brave. since you started it, we will let you continue. if you get into any trouble, call on us. of course, when the time came for my admission date and i hadn't heard from them and i wrote to them. it was always the committee on admissions is reviewing your credentials. that was their mantra.

está todo pintada de rojo y negro. ( riendo ): me parece muy cómico.struyó para un carnaval. tal como en ponce el carnaval se celebra en muchas otras ciudades de puerto rico. durante el carnaval, la gente baila, canta y se divierte en las calles por tres o cuatro días. el carnaval es una antigua fiesta de origen medieval que en puerto rico se enriqueció con el aporte de la cultura africana. mira esa casa. ¿cuál? esa. su estilo muestra la influencia de barcelona. muchas familias barcelonesas llegaron y se establecieron aquí. es interesante. aquí estoy mirando esta casa construida por familias barcelonesas. y se me ocurre que mi padre llegó a puerto rico y él también era español. angela, no me has dicho mucho acerca de tu padre. ¿qué quieres saber? bueno. pues, arturo, tu tío se siente culpable porque nunca buscó a angel. ¿culpable? pero, ¿por qué? eso no tiene sentido. pero para arturo sí tenía sentido. raquel le cuenta a angela la historia de su padre, angel: de cómo quería ser pintor de cómo usaba el dinero para pintar y salir con amigos y del día en

that does not weaved into the fabric of its record the true, undistorted account of the slaves, the negros, black folks, and african americans, calling forth the truth of our journey today. and truth be told, while our babies were being sold, our men were still call boys, and our women were referenced as dell's and girls. black people, my people, our people even then, were daring to make differences and contributions to american history. you can say amen. from harriet tubman to slave porters in the underground railroad, to michelle obama and today's white house. the footprints on history from african-americans cannot be washed away. and the bells of greatness, ingenious, artistic talent, philanthropy, and leadership cannot be on rum -- cannot be unrung. we have come this far by faith. we celebrate and embrace this theme of the african american women, culture, and history. wellcome will not allow me in this discourse to call the role of great women in african american history. let me pray that their numbers are many, and the stories of them tell the truth of women, african american women, i

congressman singleton called out "and a negro thief in the bargain." george and martin crawford stepped away from his desk and cocked his pistol. the fray continued but lovejoy finally decided to gradually move back to the podium, but he called out "no one can intimidate me." finally once he was back at the podium the house chair was able to establish a degree of order. lovejoy finished his speech by saying that slaveowners ruled the same as pirates, "every slave has a right to freedom, every slave has a right to run away. i cannot go into a slave state and open my lips in regard to the question of slavery." "no," yelled martin of virginia "we would hang you." that night and for the next few days washington was abuzz with what had happened. telegraph operators relayed the news of the yuproar across the nation. lovejoy told a friend a few days later, the fire eaters made a row and helped me to notoriety. in the summer of 160 abraham lincoln won the presidency on the third ballot of his party's convention in chicago. lovejoy made over 100 speeches for li

. >> la gente estÁ alegando que era una cuestiÓn que era un muchacho negro y blanco. >> la ley de lapermite las personas decir que se sienten amenazados y disparar y matar la gente porque si no serÍa una licencia para matar personas. >> no estaba agrediendo a la persona yo creo que es bien blanco y negro ahÍ que Él no estaba en peligro su vida. el caso martin ha pedido pedir la eliminaciÓn de la ley y hoy dÍa el gobernador scott prometiÓ estudiarla >> esta tarde se realizaron dos marchas simultÁneas en la ciudad de la florida y otra en nueva york en donde estaban presentes los padres del joven muerto ahÍ la marcha se llamÓ un millon de capuc capuchas en alusiÓn de la que tenÍa puesta en su muerte. exige el arresto del vigilante. el procurador general del condado anunciÓ que un jurado de investigaciÓn se reunirÁ el prÓximo 10 de abril para analizar el caso pero para los manifestantes no es suficiente asÍ que maria elena habrÁ que ver que pasa hay otras manifestaciones programadas para el resto de la semana. >> no es lo Último. bueno, vamos a comerciales en instantes les diremos como l

it was a week right after negro history week.ike negro history week a lot because we learn about people who make a difference. that is what i want to do. teh white -- the white section was empty, and the colored section was full, so i sat in the middle, the seat on the left, the last one in the middle. i was not thinking about anything in particular. i had a chocolate candy bar, and i was looking out the window. an older girl sat next to me. i continued looking out the window. more people got on the bus, and some more color and some were white, and soon, no more seats were available. colored folks started getting up, and white folks started taking their seats. i just stared straight ahead. "make light on your feet." other people got up, but i told myself that i would just stay seated. folks started staring at me. you know why -- you know, white folks. [laughter] "she knows where she belongs." open " i hope she is not one of them troublemakers --"i hope she is not one of the troublemakers." me? a troublemaker? just because of how

phillips is better known for his american negro slavery and life and labor in the old south, both of which placed race and white racial superiority at the center of american history. but his first published mono graph, removal. their intentions to sovereignty, he recognized removal was about race. georgia emerged victorious not only in the state's acquisition of indian land but also in trenchment of white power. georgia also bent the federal government to its will, a victory that provided inspiration for subsequent troubles. in the 1960s, for example, mississippi's white citizens council urged them to defy federal intervention and race relations by ignoring brown v. education just as georgia had done in the 1932 wooster decision that recognized cherokee sovereignty. even if georgia was right in the 1830s, presenting indian removed to a 20th century public was tricky. white southerners needed to see themselves as victorious over the federal government rather than as conquerors of historic, tragic, sentimentalized indians. historical tableaus and drama accomplished this feat by melding

so in a nut shell the white and negro problem is one of their own making. in my opinion, the basis of the indian problem is entirely different. tribes did not seek individual rights for individual indians, instead they sought respect for their distinct status as sovereign nations. consequently they looked to indian organizations such as national congress of american indians to seek redress of grievances. southern indians recognized they had unique problems rooted in southern history. therefore they formed regional organizations that addressed particular needs. membership in these organizations was tribal, not individual, and they focused on relations with the federal government, not civil rights. these organizations formed during the tenure of the indian claims commission, which congress established in 1936 to reach a final settlement with tribes in preparation for terminating federal responsibility for them. the remnants of removed tribes joined claims for lands lost in the southeast. the mississippi choctaws failed in their suit to participate in an award