of russia, and we owe this to the tenacity and courage of the naval officer and traveler gennady nevelskyentury, it was believed that sakhalin was a peninsula, and usti-amur was nearby, inaccessible to sea vessels. and our country does not need either one or the other, said chancellor karl neselrode. but nevelelskoy proved that this was not so, went on an expedition without the approval of the authorities, founded a military post on the amur, and then landed on the southern coast of sakhalin. this is how he described it: after praying, bowing to god on my knees, i, with shouts of ur, from a salvo from guns, raised the russian military flag, officials scolded nevelsky for arbitrariness, they wanted to demote him... tros, but nicholas ii did not give him offense, saying the words that became famous: where the russian flag is raised, it must be lowered. on october 4, 198 , the central chemical laboratory, the first-born of soviet chemical science, was created in moscow. today it is a research physics and chemical institute named after lev karpov, the organizer of the domestic chemical indust