here there was no new weapon, no new gizmo, it was change the depth setting. and sure enough, when the results were implemented, excuse me, it was almost exactly a factor of telephone improvement -- of ten improvement that ultimately occurred. astonishing. well, it took some convincing, of course, to get this change introduced, as you can imagine, but when it did happen, these results were just undeniable. that change alone transformed the anti-subsubmarine air campan to one of almost complete ineffectiveness in 1941, as i mentioned, to the decisive battle and war-winning operate it would become by 1943. and by that summer of 1943, it effectively knocked the u-boats out of the war. repeatedly blackett's group and a team of scientists that were established by the u.s. navy produced equal results, doubling or tripling even more the effectiveness of existing weapons and forces in hand. again through fairly simple analyses and just by asking the right questions about tactical and strategic decisions that had often been made by tradition, history, circumstance rath

this incredible knew wonder weapon known new weapon are gizmo. and sure enough when their results were implemented it was almost exactly a factor of ten. it took some convincing the results were undeniable. that change alone transformed the entire cost some tense formed the anti-submarine from a failure to a decisive battle. and by the summer it effectively knocked the boats out of the war ended toward the success the following year. repeatedly a similar group of scientists were established by the u.s. navy after america's entry into the war produced equally prodigious results doubling, tripling, or even more the effectiveness of existing weapons. through fairly simple analyses and just by asking the right questions about tactical and strategic decisions that had often just made by tradition rather than rigorous analysis the most powerful was the feedback of the envelope. they oversaw the convoys there were crossing the atlantic. a large map where they also were tracking what they believe were then known positions of the u-boat. and he knew what

more specifically that the only role of scientists was some new gadget or weapon or gizmo. but war itself, strategies and operations, it was a series of actions at a definite end. the organization of the men who handle them are at least as much scientific problem as their counterparts. what he was arguing for is what would become the generation of operations research. it is a fundamental component of military thinking. something that everyone in the naval academy studies. and every student in business school. then it was revolutionary. military command, and art from experience and judgment and a bridle at the idea. several astonishing insights early on change their mind. the most erratic was a simple but important calculation of the scientists made showing that the tactics were a perfectly sensible approach. navy commander actually had a seemingly reasonable calculation themselves. they knew how much time elapsed between the moment when they spotted u-boat. they knew how fast they could go. so they multiply. they knew it was about 45 seconds that it typically had been out o

having cong kwurd the new media universe dorsey is ready for an encore. his latest creation? a gizmoalled square. it's already worth billions of dollars. >> square is a big success. most americans don't know what it is. what is it? >> square is a very simple little device that plugs into your iphone or android device or ipad and allows you to accept credit cards for wherever you are. you just swipe the card, hand over the phone, they sign with the finger and the money goes into the bank account. >> dorsey got big business to sign on. starbucks now accepts his latest technology, square wallet. >> you're just a slide and a scan away from your double tall latte. >> it's also accepted at more neighborhood spots like cafe grumpy in new york city. where we met for coffee. so now you're going to pay generously for the two coffees we have. >> yeah. >> you don't even need to take your phone out of your pocket? >> my phone is in my back pocket. i walked up and my name is on the register so all i have to say is espresso latte and just put it on jack. >> okay. put it on jack. >> there you go. >>