new global institutions, to solve coordination problems, to develop the new scientists, train up new ph.d. students, perhaps, in the field. so the degree to which you need to worry about controlling this whole problem in advance depends on how fast you think the takeoff will be. also with the fast takeoff scenario, you are much more likely to get a world order where at the highest level of decision making there is only one decision-making agency. basically, if they're going to go from human level to superintelligence within the course of hour or weeks, then it's likely there will be one project that has completed the transition before the next following one has even started it. so in technology research and in software, you often have complete products, but it's rare they're so close to each other that they're only a few days apart. usually the leader has a few months on the next follower. so the faster the takeoff, the more likely it is that you will have a system that is, like, maturity and radically superintelligent in a world where there is not a system that is even close. and in such

new discovers. gwen owens, a ph.d. stupid has an experiment on the international space station above us. welcome to the show. >> thank you for having me >>> tell me about the disease you are studying. >> the disease my lab is studying is hunting don. it affect the brain and protein build up stopping the brain functioning. 10 years after symptoms start some patients die. there's no treatment or cure. >> how does the space ranch go into your own research. >> there's a crystallography lab. to study the three-dimensional structure the best way is to get a crystal of a protein. we haven't been able to get a crystal of this particular protein causing hunting tonne's. >> is that why you are going into micro gravity. >> there's good evidence that christals grow differently in micro gravity. >> you shot your research on a rocket and it rarfeed at the disagrees -- arrived at the international space station. how did it get there? >> it arrived on spacex. there was a mission carrying our experiments but a number of others up to the international space station in late april. >>> what does your experi

his new book is "knife fights," which is now in book stores. a west points graduate with ph.d. from oxford who also taught at the naval academy, he's with the center of new americans security and is now the hemaster of the haverford school outside philadelphia. john, wewelcome back. >> it's good to be back. >> so why did you wri the book? >> i fought intert with a very valiant group of men who were not trained to conduct counterinsurgency. the men and the unit w were not ready. they fought valiantly in a war that was unnecessary, that didn't need to be fought, and they deserved to havave their story told. more importantly, the my, over the course of the iraq war, relearned principles of counterinsurgency that it knew 100 years ago when fighting in the philippines. a big part of the reason i wrote this boo was to try to preserve some of those lessons so we don't have to pay the price of them yet again. >> history often does rhyme. you're an expert student of -- both a student and a prpractitioner of war, an exper at both of those, what are the fferences between theory and practit

new school. a native of capetown, south africa, ph.d in politics from the university of london and ma in political science from northwestern university and a doctorate from the college of hard knocks and the struggle in south africa. he is writing a book now on the intersection of mass media, globalization, and liberal democracy, in post apartheid south africa. sean you have written not just about mandela but about how mandela was regarded ideologized, and mythologized by the mesh media, including the recent movie, "long walk to freedom "on which i worked, and i would say as parting shot the last courtroom i was in was a courtroom built by the movie to resemble to every detail, the courthouse in which the trial took place. and in which he was convicted and sent to prison for life, and that's a story in itself told in the movie. anyway, sean, take it on. by the way, just want to quickly introduce, having a little competition from the masses here -- the midget masses -- allen widener, who is here, who wrote a brilliant biography of right first and joe slovo two of mandela's closest comrades, testifi

ph.d.'s it, helps explain why so many people continue to look for new opportunities. the job site indeed. com attracts 140 million users a month. but, job search can be frustrating and depressing. here is a great way to stay on track and productive. make yourself accountable for to oneness your search, keep a log, document everything you do. at the end of the week, review your progress, with your partner. making yourself accountable forces cents you to be more efficient, and goal orient in the your search. try it, you might be very happy you did. steven agreeing berg, cbs-3, "eyewitness news". >>> today looks very pleasant. slowed down, very much set on when it will get here at this point, though, so the whole day really looks very pleasant here, as we continue to keep high pressure around for one more day. here it is, though, and it is a mess. we've got a lot of heavy rain, very nasty thunderstorms that have been doing a lot of damage down through the deep south. by the time this reaches us, into the overnight hours, so generally just going to be talking about the raindrops picking up af

new fire scientists. >> gerald hurst is a chemist extraordinaire with a ph.d. from cambridge university. >> he's the idiosyncratic godfather of modern arson science. he's like this mad scientist who is not mad at all. >> narrator: for years, willingham's supporters had tried to enlist hurst's help. they finally gave him the state's arson report only weeks before the scheduled execution. >> taking a look at the photographs and video and testimony and fire investigation report, it became apparent that we were dealing with a fire which had gone to flashover. >> narrator: flashover, the instant ignition of all combustible material in a room. >> flashover had left natural patterns on the floor that all post-flashover fires tend to leave behind, and these had been misidentified as pour patterns. and thus, the fire had been labeled an arson. >> narrator: hurst reviewed the report line by line. >> here's your first bit of so-called arson evidence. this was typically interpreted in the old days as a pour pattern. in other words, someone poured gasoline or some other accelerant down the hallway, out the front door and then

ph.d.? >> it is, you can call me bill. >> stephen: fine. dr. bill, thank you for being here. you're contributing effort for the newe american school lar. you taught yale ten years, before that graduate instructor at columbia university. you have a new book called excellent sheep, the miseducation of the american elite and the way to a meaningful life. >> right. >> stephen: okay. that title is as long as the doctorate, okay. (laughter) i hope that kind of went through peer review. >> yeah. >> stephen: so what do you mean the miseducation of the american elite? are you saying like i believe schools aren't what they're cracked up for? >> they're not what they're cracked up to be. they're supposed to be training a wonderful leadership class. >> reporter: you're not an ivy league guy? >> i am. >> stephen: why is the book saying, don't go to those ivy league schools! let me pull out that ladder behind you, must be in your way! have a great time! (laughter) >> if we hadn't worked there, you would say, what do you guys know? we've seen what goes on in the sausage factory, we've seen how the elite are produced. >> stephen:

ph.d.'s and it helps explain why so many people continue to look for new opportunities. the job site, nd.com, tracks 140 million users a month but job searchers are frustrating and depressing. here's a great way to stay on track and productive. make yourself accountable. keep a log and document everything that you do. at the end of the week review your progress with your partner. making yourself accountable forces you to be more efficient and goal oriented in your search. try it, you might be happy that you did. i'm steven areenburg for cbs-3 "eyewitness ring ring! progresso! i can't believe i'm eating bacon and rich creamy cheese before my sister's wedding. well it's only 100 calories, so you'll be ready for that dress. uh-huh... you don't love the dress? i love my sister... 40 flavors. 100 calories or less. some people think vegetables are boring. but with green giant's delicious seasonings and blends, we just may change their minds. ho ho ho green giant! >>> is there an exciting new addition to the schuylkill river park tonight, one of the most used parks in all of ph

ph.d. in chemistry and sits on the synthetic turf council board. >> there's certainly a preponderance of the evidence to this point that says in fact it is safe. >> reporter: an nbc news investigation put that assertion to the test. gathering available studies and speaking with pediatricians, scientists and advocacy groups who say more research should be done. >> turf fields come with a number of real risks and a number of real benefits. and every community that's based with deciding what they want to put in has to kind of weigh in the different risks and benefits for that situation. >> reporter: among the available studies the synthetic turf council points to is one in 2009 done by the epa. the agency itself describes the conclusions as limited. nbc news repeatedly requested an interview, but after several e-mails and two phone calls, the epa refused. in a statement a spokesperson says the use of crumb rubber remains a state and local decision. and more testing needs to be done. if more research needs to be done, why are we allowing our children to play on this surface? >> sure. well, more research can always be done. the question is whether or not the synthetic turf

ph.d. in chemistry and sits on the board. >> there is a preponderance of evidence to this point that says it, in fact, is safe. >> reporter: an nbc news investigation put that to the test gathering available studies and speaking with pediatricians, scientists and advocacy groups who say more research should be done. >> turf fields come with a number of real risks and a number of real benefits. and every community that's faced with deciding what they want to put in have to weigh the risks and benefits. >> reporter: among the studies was done by the epa in 2009. the agency itself describes the conclusions as limited. nbc news repeatedly requested an interview but after several e-mails and two phone call, the epa refused. in a statement a spokesperson said the use of chrome rubber remains a state and local decision and more testing needs to be done. well, if more research needs to be done, why are we allowing our children to play on this surface? >> sure, more research can always be done. the question is whether or not the synthetic turf is safe. we've got 14 studies on our website that says we can find no negative health effects. >> rep

news" reporter nora muchanic has more. >> i just got my doctorate and i just got my dress. >> tears of joy streamed by margaret roberts face, the the germantown woman recently earned her ph.dusiness and is already making deals. she paid almost half price for the wedding gown that she just pick out. >> i tried it on, maybe four or five and that was it. >> and then this one. >> this was it, i knew. i knew. >> reporter: margaret was one of many who came to the sunesta hotel for brides against breast cancer national tour of gowns, designers, dress shops and former brides from around the country donate new or gently used wedding gowns which are then marked down 25 to 85 percent. proceeds from the sale go to support women with breast cancer. >> we have people in our family that are survivors of breast cancer, so it is a pay it for type thick. you can go anywhere and spend thousands of dollars on a dress but to be able to on your wedding day contribute to a cause like this, it is the right thing to do for me. >> reporter: two million-dollar was raised from last years national tour that money goes toward programs, and services for cancer patients, and their families. >> we're exci

ph.d. efforts in microbiology at the institute of tropical medicine in antwerp. a mysterious test-tube sample shows up in terrible condition, and you figure out there is some new disease in africa and you turn and say i know i am only 27 but i want to go to africa, let me go, you are in the middle of this adventure. where did this all come from? >> i am not pretty

ph.d. o prepared faculty members to teach writing, which is very unusual. they are a most -- and we have some folks who are on research appointments. >> steve's next in new york, a parent up there.i cal sciee, you u're on the air.b >> caller: hey, how are you? thank you for having me. i was curous about your i'm and i'm curious where michigan state is in that area.ou political science programs are a far left leaning -- they embracr socialism, and i'm curious where michigan state is in that area. and do you guys police your political science people and you know make sure that there's an equal balance? because conservatives have a tough time in colleges up theres nowadays.nowada >> well, steve, i think that we, have a political science department that has a worldwide track record of trying to look at issues from a variety of perspectives because you have to know a variety of perspectives t in order to have your own, but we have a very prestige you college. you have to begin reading the federalist papers as part of your educational experience. >> good morning, leslie, you'rea a parent, what are your concerns with higher education? >> caller: well, i am so gratef

ph.d. in chemistry and sits on the turf board. >> there is certainly a preponderance of evidence to this point that said it is safe. >> reporter: an nbc newsgation put that assertion to the test, gathering available studies and speaking with pediatricians, scientists and advocacy groups who say more research should be done. >> turf fields come with a number of real risks and a number of real benefits and every community that's based with deciding what they want to put in has to kind of weigh in the different risks and benefits for that situation. >> reporter: among the available studies the synthetic turf council points to was one done by the e in 2009. the agency, itself, describes the conclusions as limited. nbc news repeatedly requested an interview. after several e-mails and two phone calls, the e refused. in a statement, a spokesperson says the use of crum rubber remains a state and local decision and more testing feeds to be done. well, if more research needs to be done, why are we allowing our children to play on this surface? >> sure. more research can always be done. the question is whether or not the synthetic turf is safe. we go

ph.d efforts in microbiology at the institute of tropical medicine in antwerp. a mysterious test tube sample shows up in terrible condition. and you figure out there's some new disease in africa and you have the chutzpah to turn and say, i know i'm only 27 but i want to go there. i want to go to africa. let me go. i want to be in the middle of this adventure. where did all this gall come from? >> guest: i'm actually a pretty timid and shy person. >> host: yeah, right. >> guest: come from land where my mother always said, speaking, silver, sigh license is golden. -- silence is golden. i think i'm a bit different. first of all issue had an incredible urge for discovery from when i was a child and when i was a teenager i worked for a travel agency and went one month to morocco, one month to turkey, at the time there was basically no tourist infrastructure, when i was ten i had only one goal in life and that is get out of my village, which was a bit in kind of a very conservative village. to the despair of my mother and my whole family because when i was like this, i always asked, why? which drove everybody nuts. that was the kind of kid i was. and not to annoy

ph.d efforts in microbiology in antwerp. a mysterious test tube sample showed up in terrible condition and you figure out there's some new disease in africa and you have the chutzpah to turn to stuff i said i know i'm only 27 but i want to go there. i want to go to africa. let me go. i want to be in the middle of this adventure. how could you have -- where did all this call come from? >> i'm actually pretty contrite person. my mother always said speaking silber silent is golden. anyway, i think i'm a bit different. first of all i had an incredible age for discovery from when i was a child and when i i was a teenager i worked for a travel agency and with one month to morocco, one month to turkey at the time when there was no great infrastructure when i said i'd only one goal in life and goes to get of here, out of my village, which was in a very conservative flemish village. but it was a combination of the sense for danger but also the incredible curiosity which is to the despair of my mother and my whole family because when i was like this i always asked why? which go drove everybody nuts. that was the kind of kid i was. and not

ph.d. efforts in microbiology at the institute of tropical medicine in antwerp. a mysterious test-tube sample shows up in terrible condition, and you figure out there is some new disease in africa and you turn and say i know i am only 27 but i want to go to africa, let me go, you are in the middle of this adventure. where did this all come from? >> i am not pretty timid and shy person. my mother, still silence is golden, but anyway -- first of all i had an incredible urge for discovery from when i was a child and when i was a teenager i work for travel agency, went to morocco one month and turkey and at the time there was no tourist infrastructure. when i was 10 i had one goal in life, get out of here. out of my village, which was kind of a very conservative village. and also the incredible curiosity, which was to the despair of my mother and my family. when i was like this, drove everybody nuts. not to annoy people that i really wanted to know, i also had not much respect for hierarchy and authority. that is why i said let's go for it and let's do it and not because i an 27. also later ron most people who have more security and more experience actually were not so ju