clubs and newsboy republics. laws are passed to make them licensed and limit how late they can be on the street and how young they can be on the street. they develop a newsboy court where they are self-regulating themselves and passing judgment on their own violations. so in this way, in terms of the reform movement, they become dues, so italian and who they are changes, as well. >> when did the papers stop using newsboys? mr. digirolamo: it is gradual. i think the 1930's is a key turning point because jobs are so scarce that it becomes work for adults. there are fewer children in their in the trade. also, technology is involved. you have cars and subways, and that is changing the industry, as well. the 1930's, they are still on the streets in big ways, but they have competition from adult. in the 1940's, it is more reliance on stands and adults. but there are still some children in the 1950's and 1960's, but they become more of a minority as you get to urbanization and vehicles. they are efficient in the sense t

newsboy clubs, newsboys republics. they developed newsboy courts where they are self regulating with violations. and they become primarily italians and jews in southern and eastern europe, so who the newsboy is changes. >> when do they stop being a newsboy? >> really 1930's and 40's is a turning point. jobs are so scarce, that becomes work for adults. also, technology is involved. in the progressive era, you have cars and subways. there's competition from adults. there are still some children in the 1950's and 1960's. they are not all that efficient. they are efficient in the sense that they have that charitable appeal. you can buy a paper as an act of charity. an adult cannot replace that, but their numbers start to dwindle in the 1940's and 1950's. >> thank you talking with us. >> thank you. >> you are watching american history tv. all weekend, every weekend on c-span three. to join the conversation, like us on facebook at c-span history. tv,ext on american history history professor at psychoanalyst, charles strozier

my definition of the newsboy is arely these

who were the newsboys? >> they were the children of the poor, to put it very simply. which meant they were immigrants.

. >> newsboy. >> there you go. >> nice weather to be outside for this morning, but this is it. >> oh. >> summertime is -- >> wait. so i think this nice weather when it's 92. >> i know you do. there's been occasion for that, eun. most of us -- well, i shouldn't say most. some of us really appreciate these cool mornings. runners and cyclists i know if you're going to be outside and trying to work up a sweat, these cool mornings are perfect for some extra miles to get in. enjoy it, everybody. it's getting ready to be summer around here starting tomorrow. sunny and warm. in the 80s tomorrow. hot, a little humid. thursday, probably even a little hotter than that. next chance for rain comes up on friday. right now it's a quiet start. 57 at national airport. when you get outside the beltway, it turns much c 46 in frederick. 46 martinsburg. 50 at marine base quantico. 40s and 50s for the next couple of hours. 100% sunshine. we should easily make it into the upper 70s and low 80s. a big dome of high pressure and warm air builds in. it will keep the rain chances away. it is going to push the te