we do not have t research expertise that y will see in het public sector such as niaid but when those discoveries are there, what we have in house are some laboratory capabilities and a lot of external partners including biotech companies caught contract manufacturers, a lot of product development expertise. we have conducted 20 days 1 trials in africa, one in india, 12 vaccine candidates. so we have in house individuals primarily from industry who have joined us that are able to help advance candidates coming from other researchers, help to turn those promising discoveries into actual vaccine candidates. we also have a clinical trial network, primarily in africa, a little bit in india, primary funding for that is usaid and product development work as well. through that network we have been able to make a lot of contributions in the epidemiology of hiv and as anthony fauci talked-about the broadly neutralizing antibodies, we utilize those centers to help us to gather the samples of the hiv-positive patients to contribute to the design of the ultimate vaccine products and we have an ex

even in preparing samples for a transfer to cdc, are there any suggestions from niaid for the pre-analytic and post-analytic phases for the lab? >> that's a good question. and they are not suggestions that i have. there are clear protocols about how to do that. the cdc spells out very clearly how you have to handle specimens that you are suspected are infected and how you would handle that in the testing. there are preliminary tests that do not need necessarily have to go to cdc. the second level when you want to confirm it have to go to the cdc. >> there has been a good deal of public concern regarding risks associated with ebola-related waste including medical waste as well as the belongings of the individuals afflicted. with high-ranking officials across the country stumping politically against this transport and taking legal action to stop it. is there any merit in fearing infection from the treated medical waste and how do we alleviate mass public concerns if not? >> so i have to be careful on this answer. the reason is i'm not making policy. i can just tell you from a scientific stan

and they are investing time and research and some money but the thes sure is from niaid and gates foundation so when that vaccine showed efficacy, the not only be for novartis -- it is not sun and not the original polio vaccine but we would expect given that the lions share of the product development sector,borne by public there should be an equitable, fair price for it. >> you have an arrangement that a product comes out through n.i.h. investment, you have an to engage if the price is out of hand? >> when we get into licensing agreements, we make sure that's part of the licensing agreement. about i add a point recent successes of gavey. they have been able to bring out newer vaccinations rotovirus vaccine. at prices under $5 a dose for hpv vaccine and under $3 per vaccine sotovirus some of the additional modeling work which we're happy to share and we'll put on our website as soon as we finalize the slides, but we looked at cost per regimen in that range and including implementation $30 per was about regimen and we looked at whether hit the bars that policymakers would consider very and mid

going to happen within our lifetime but it's going to happen while tony faucher still the director of niaid and then he's not going to retire until he does it. fortune is in great health and distill out jogging every day. but really any support any of you can provide to make sure that that resolve continues will be for a good cause that we can all want to be proud of leaving a generation down the road free of the aids virus. thank you. [applause] >> and thanks to our donors as well. can't forget that. >> so hopefully the microphones are on. this is a chance for you to of questions and answers with the pandas but i'm just going to kick off with one and then we will open a. we have microphones around the room. take those questions. i would ask when you ask a question if you could give osha and an editor with an organization, tell us which organization before you ask the question. one of the things that came out of the discussion around polio is the stick-to-itness. so certainly it took some ticket the vexing but now we are seeing some dilution of commitments to seeing through the final eradic

life and financial burden have been revised downward by the world bank, will the response effort from niaid decrease as well? if so, do you think this is a wise decision in trying to get the united states prepared for any type of biological outbreak? >> well, this gets back to what i had said during my formal presentation, just because numbers are going down in a particular country there's no reason to think that we have won this battle. so we have not nor has the cdc or any of the other agencieslessened our efforts to try to contain this. we're going full speed ahead with our vaccine work and our work to develop therapeutics, everyone as the numbers go down in lie beer yarberiliberia, remg up in sierra leone. >> a few weeks ago there was a sense of fear bordering on panic about ebola among some americans. why do you think that was? and was the fear justified? >> well, i always respect fear and concern on the part of the american public. that's us, the american public. so you can't just disparage it and say, well, it was crazy to be afraid. but you can understand why. ebola is a very dramat

it is going to happen within our lifetime, it will happen while phil is the director of niaid and still out jogging every day. any support you can provide to make sure that resolve continues will be for a good cause the we can one day be proud of, beating the generation down the road free of the aids virus. thank you. thanks to our donors as well. >> hopefully the microphones are on. this is a chance for you to have questions and answers for the panelists. i will pick up with one and open up, we have microphones around the room to take those questions. when you ask a question if you could give us your name and if you are with an organization tell us which organization before you ask question. one of the things that came out of the discussion around polio is the stick to et intention. it took awhile to get the vaccine but now we are seeing some dilution of commitments to seeing through the final eradication of the polio virus. overs the years, you have seen spurts of energy, so there is a doubling of the nih budget, if you pay for that later buying spotlighting the budget and certainly t