are familiar with the nicholas volcker case? a boy in milwaukee who was very ill. he had given the hospital incessantly for years about 100 surgical operations and he was desperately ill and been in a hyperbaric chamber, constant infections and before they were going to lose him the pediatrician said why don't we sequence his dna? we have never seen anything like this before. maybe we can find out what it is and they did, found the specific mutation in the gene and this led to successful therapy. he is 6 years old and cured and doing beautifully. this is the first case of sequencing to save a life. you have been hearing about the human genome project for too long. the white house, bill clinton and francis collins stood and said we have the book of life. it to call this time to get to a point where can save a life. here's a family from san diego, had a terrible movement disorder. they were recently sequence and had a course, what is amazing is these teenage twins, they could barely get around now and he is a soccer star and she is a track star and the sequencing has

the nicholas volcker case, millions of dollars that were extended to the final point, what about doing the sequencing of front. now we have health insurers pay for the sequencing much earlier which is a really good sign so we're starting to see the earliest phase, health-insurance get it. they might not be as important as the outcome for the patient but we see the cost factor. it looks promising. much more to go on that point. >> if you find a genetic mutation which is causing a disease, how is the medicine created for that one or two people who have that mutation? who is going to do that? >> great question. basically you are saying you have all the orphan type things, myriad of rare mutations. there are a zillion drugs out there in these databases and libraries so many of which are in popular use or put into a dead letter file or whatever and they can be repurchased so there are a lot of drugs that could be developed and there is a massive database. that is one thing. we purposing drugs that do not exist and the other is if you have a mutation and it is a serious illness you can have