thank you so much, nick montez, but please stick around. and when we come back, how much we live in shortage, impacting us is planned to have all car sales by 2030 to be these don't go way the welcome back to the costs of everything. now there are risk that shortages and lifting will impact goals like the us has planned to have all car sales by 2030 to be the you also wants to ban all internal combustion engines by 2035 due to the lack of supply of batteries and lithium, though, is not the most and modeling mentally and south america still and causes air contamination for percent of the local population has rejected these mining plants despite the mining companies promising that it would create more jobs for the locals. and sheila list, the mining takes up approximately 65 percent of the water sources. and this high water requirements puts a halt, deforming activities in many parts of the world, and causes an acute water shortage in many areas. large scale lithium extraction also requires plenty of land. most miners have to take fertile pie

nick montez, p h. d candidate at the department of mechanical engineering at stanford university . so what is the life span of your standard e lithium ion battery? and how should batteries be properly disposed of for consumers? yeah, so for starters, we definitely don't want to simply throw them in the trash. this is primarily a safety concern, but also an environmental one. so um, you know, once once something started, the garbage can easily be crushed. and if there was internal damage to the components in your battery, this could actually result in a fire as some of the components in that battery or flammable. and even if there are no fire events, the presence of this material in landfills and large quantities could potentially lead to, you know, toxic chemicals reaching our ground water. so we want to avoid that. i think ideally the as much material in the battery as possible would be recycled. and i think the current state of lithium recycling makes this somewhat difficult argument to make on an economic or environmental brown. not to say that those processes will continue to c