will be nih put a transgender woman into a male or a female? i >> think that study was looking at transgender women. >> doctor collins, if it's looking at the studies on female collegiate runners. as a transgender woman going to be assigned to the female or the male branch and if they're assigned to the female branch, isn't there a risk that makes the study less valuable two female runners? >> i don't have an easy answer to your question. i think they would ask for -- sex assigned at birth. >> thank you very much. >> congresswoman -- >> let me just say thank you for an informative and very hopeful tour last week. i just want to say that i also share my concerns about infrastructure and how we talked about and i look with you at that. and as you mentioned, the research has not always been inclusive to certain population groups like racial minorities and are in treatment and health care that did not go with the same effectiveness of everyone. all of us are research initiative which has the potential to radically change what we know about minority

my second and third years of medical school to participate in the hhmi research scholars' program at nih, where i studied aids dementia. that experience helped me appreciate the art of generating and analyzing research data, -- my own data, and it really fostered my love of science. within a few weeks of starting the job, people would ask how i enjoyed working in the lab, and is the best job of my life. that has turned out to be true, even in hindsight. [laughter] it also fostered my belief in the opportunities for doing good through science and medicine. so not surprisingly, when i left the lab back then, and then finished medical school, and then did all my clinical training, and then became a medical oncologist, well, i quickly became frustrated. taking care of patients with cancer is an immense privilege, a wonderful thing to do, and i love the practice of medicine, but i also hated that it felt like a recurring nightmare of giving cancer patients the same treatments over and over again and watching it fail. you oft remind some of that robot that vacuums the floor. it bumps into the

lots of taxpayer money to build more hospitals and fund medical research through the nih. this funding enabled scientists to innovate, hospitals to provide more care and create a health care system the u.s. could be proud of. in the midst of the cold war, democrats and republicans alike bought into the privatized approach. but there were flaws in this free enterprise approach that you don't need an advanced degree in economics to understand. in a consumer driven economy, consumer choice is supposed to drive competition that holds down prices and rewards excellence but the mechanism that allows consumer leverage in the marketplace do not work well in health care. medicine embodies an asymmetrical relationship. the doctor knows more than you do, and has special powers to direct your care. when it comes to the most effective treatment, the ones who could really save your life, the doctors have to order them for you. i cannot walk into a hospital and say, hook me up to an iv. medicine's professional ethics are supposed to prevent the doctor as businessman from overly ruling th

the nih grant that's according to organizers.pose of this record is to promote the consumption of artichokes improve course we have that right here castroville castro valley castor work. want to watsonville but next to their cast your vote cast your vote at the end i got right it's just of course we on our can outside and show you a beautiful new downtown san francisco >>locks are now guys up there after those stories not ready for dinner, but hey a nice evening around the bay area, thill a 177 minutes. that's because of the construction up there on the runway but things looking good at oather we're going to get back to some summery weather starting tomorrow morning. clear skies temperatures running the 50's and the 60's by noon, 60's and some 70's in the afternoon. i think we speak back into the 80's. >>in some of the warmest valleys, this just a sign of things to come as high pressure takes over really going to see those offshore winds kicking in numbers going to warm up a little bit tomorrow but as we get friday and saturday.

the work that's being done at nih and dr. rodgers' long standing commitment in working so closely with us on the special diabetes program has been wonderful. dr. kowalski, i think it's wonderful that jdrf now has a president and ceo who understands firsthand the challenges of type i diabetes. you've had excellent leaders in the past as well, but we're delighted to work with you. and of course most of all, i want to thank all of the delegates who are here today but especially ruby and adriana who are so articulate and, you're right, senator casey, i can't imagine at their ages being able it to come before a senate committee and testify and help us better understand. i also want to do a shoutout to some families in maine who have really educated me on this issue. i believe that i first met ruby and her mom through the sweeney family, and i have watched their son aiden grow up from age 4 to now. he's 17. he testified at age 4 before one of the children's congress, and they are great advocates. the sere family who have a summer c

research is the foundation for the private sector research goes forward and it's what happens at the nih and the grants they give out extramural grants into universities and other entities throughout the country. that is taxpayer funded, publicly funded and everyone in america should have access to the benefits of that research. i want the biggest number we can possibly get but i don't want to promise something that we want to have a deliverable within the next year so again, the committee will decide how to use the additional funding and if that is the answer to increase the absorbed capacity of the secretary's office to do those but thank you for your question. on the subject. >> another point where they want to keep something in the bill that addresses drugs coming on market but something in this bill to make sure drugs to come to market? >> if there is no international price which is often the case with the new drugs then we say that within the negotiation the secretary shall ensure that he or she receives at least a 15% discount on the price of the drug when negotiating. there is an

rise rich it's matters about oil so what happens to look at the many places of sinking such as the nih or so object. so in those places we have to take care that really do get around what they're pumping most of guys at extraction so that the. soil is not further compacting in the thinking. it's the impact of cedar hood ice. if we can do anything to prevent this fate what needs to happen to at least adapt to it particularly in those low lying coastal communities yes exactly we can manage. cost better be can. help nature to ask if you support the quota only if you support dogs and beaches and unions they can actually help us to other places where we cannot don't want to be. and see dikes but all of this going to be you know if you're doing a 3 do so emissions. you will have been playing a very close attention to the u.n. climate summit in new york you have been listening to world leaders making various commitments or in some cases refusing to do so where does that leave you in terms of optimism on whether we can prevent a serious crisis in the loss of many lives. scientists i am optimis

. >> so -- by the way, just as a side note for people that are watching that don't know this, nih pays a large percentage of r & d in medication. >> and that's taxpayer dollars. >> and it is taxpayer dollars, exactly. >> we want it available to all. >> so let me ask you. everybody loves to talk about your father. >> so do i, and my mother. >> and your mother is extraordinary. >> exactly. >> but it is always like the speaker learned at the feet of her father. i want to ask you, and i ask this as a dad, i know your dad would be so proud of you but also right now, you know, history has found you and congress, and as lincoln said we cannot escape history. i'm wondering, i know your mom and dad stay with you every day. what has your dad taught you to get you through a time like this? what do you keep in the back of your mind as our constitutional republic literally hangs on the actions that you and members of this house and senate will make over the next couple of months? >> well, you're nice to ask about them. i'm a believer, so i believe that they know everything that we are doing. i am p

during the last days of her life she was hospitalized at nih.ne of insisted iand rummage through her recipe box at home and find a recipe for crawfish cornbread. the author of that recipe is serving a life sentence in louisiana's prison for murder. then there was judith. --ith was another work another nurse on the ward. here --pt bugging her bugging her. in the last hours of the last day that cokie was conscious, judith finally relented and showed cokie photos of her two children on her phone. faced -- face lit up with that incandescent smile. she exclaimed, "what beautiful children." and the two of them just embraced. that moment captures the cokie i will remember most, caring about someone else, helping him feel good about themselves, opening arms and and her making the world around brighte. what a beautiful smile. a beautiful spirit. what a beautiful life. before we go let us take leave of our sister cokie and express our affection for her. sadness one day we shall joyfully greet cokie again. the love of crisis which conquers all things, dest

budget, what the fiscal year 2020 numbers look like the fact that this sector tends to be influenced by nihnding, what are your expectations for next year and beyond >> so as far as we're concerned, that tends to be less of a factor for our business just because there's so much demand for our products sort of the fluctuation tends not to have much effect, there's lots of other sources of funding looking to the future, many other avenues where the special bio pharmaceutical industry really does not have much an effect. >> in terms of the future, when you look at this technology still and this industry in early days, what do you envision that looking like and application of gene sequencing looking out 5, 10, 20 years. >> we look at what are the big health challenges in the world my ultimate ambition is we want to enable new science to cure cancer, to as i address parkinson's, alzheimer's these tools, these technologies will absolutely be essential and crucial enabling that. i think in terms of future opportunities, they're massive >> serge saxonov, ceo of 10x genomics the company went public.

. >> the nih is investigating in this research over a seven year period.d of the period, scientists hope to bring a universal flu vaccine to market. cdc recommends everyone six months and older get an annual flu vaccine. not only to protect themselves, but also prevent them from infecting someone else who may be particularly at risk to flu complication. dana? >> dana: all right. thank you. justice department charging more doctors in the opioid crisis, accusing them of illegally prescribing 50 million substance controlled pills. 87 medical professionals have been charged with opioid related crimes, nearly double the number of the last two years. a virginia based doctor will soon find out whether he'll spend the rest of his life behind bars for helping fuel our nation's opioid epidemic. his name dr. joel smithers. prosecutors say he doled out half million doses of opioids in just two year. patients drove hundreds of miles just to get prescription. back in may he was convicted of hundreds accounts of illegally describing drugs including one in a situation whe

the nih and nsf have been constantly under threat for the last few years. it's a terrible mistake.s sickle cell. sickle cell first of all many sickle-cell patients are not getting adequate care that's theoretically available now. particularly after the pediatric period. the transition is really tough for sickle-cell patients. in many cases they are really unable to function because of the crisis. we are not doing that well. we also have really some great opportunities in terms of crisper, the acronym everybody knows now. there are more than a dozen clinical trials for sickle-cell. it can be cured. we can't walk and chew gum at the same time. we have to do well. but it does require society taking a serious look at our needs both in terms of access to healthcare and public health and one hand and pushing forward the medical science on the other. it can be a game changer for so many people and tremendously cost-effective if it works. >> how do we deal as bioethicists, how do we deal with the situation on reproductive health and the public health sector? where religious restrictions ha

also the companies that targeted the ads. >> according to nih 81 percent of adolescents who have everused tobacco products it was a flavored product. so what can you tell us about the contribution of flavors? do you have anything more to add quick. >> yes. we have seen a little bit of a shift in the most recent preliminary data with an increase of the menthol and mint flavors. we do think they are critical and then the nicotine provides that addictive substance to keep them going back. >> so the new federal policies with the flavored e-cigarette products are effective quick. >> with the product sold on the market today. >> does that include menthol would be included? >> we are finalizing the policy but i can say that we do some mitt that they are significant problems big last year as part of the comprehensive plan for comprehensive regulation with youth tobacco prevention plan can you discuss the efforts that the fda has is has a long-standing educational campaign we do believe it was very successful kids through age 12 through 17 but in the last year we have shifted the focus to e-ci

bills are the camera act, which is the children immediate research advancement act which is directing nih to do a five-year study on the impact of technology on children. it's obvious that kids are totally glued to these things now. so what are the socio, emotional, cognitive and physical impacts of this incredible increase in technology use by children. the last bill, which has not been introduced yet is called the kids acted, the kids entr t internet design and safety act. that bill is seeking to give the ftc new authorities to address exactly what i was just describing, the practices by many websites to glue children to devices. all the strategies that they use regarding auto play and other functions to sort of suck kids in and ensure that they don't stop watching. i have a 3-year-old. it works very well on him. he will not stop watching the device unless i rip it out of his hand. and so that bill which we'll be introducing sometime in september or october will address what we do about that issue. >> in our experience parents are actually glued to these. >> oh, it's a problem. actually

can't on the one hand do that but on the other hand pull back and not adequately and robustly fund the nihal institutes of health. you can't do that on one hand but then try and take away health care for millions of people when you have your department of justice trying to get rid of the affordable care act. and undo all of the advances we've made there. so i think it's very important to point out that overall, if this president cares about the public health of america, then he would stop playing politics with the public health of america. he would stop trying to get rid of the affordable care act and the benefit it's brought, and he would actually, you know, walk the walk, which is to say that he has an administration that cares about all people. and i've just not seen any evidence of that. i talked about the fact that but for the members of congress, acting in a bipartisan way, especially the united states senate, led in great measure by the late, great john mccain, but for that courage and that act of courage by the united states congress, this president would have undone the affordable

the safety of the citizens of an entire state, what's he doing to, i don't know, research from the nih or classified images from the pentagon or, you know, what's he doing that we don't know about? >> and there's also another ominous development over that we've seen over the last couple of weeks that the president is figuring out how he can use the levers of power. one of the things that's protected us so far has been two things, the adults in the room but also donald trump's incompetence. but imagine what a second term would be like where the president realizes i can bend all of these agencies to my will. i can tell the air force where to refuel. i can tell the department of justice, you know, who to launch anti-trust investigations or who to indict. we are seeing a president who is maybe unraveling but he's also unrestrained. so a president who you go so far as to get the weather service to support him. what other things is he going to do? because who's around the oval office saying no, and who in congress so far has basically said, no, you can't touch that hot stove? he gets away wi

caller: first of all, i want to say that i know i'm talking bout i worked for nih. the chemicals that they put in cigarettes is what's killing everybody and the new gadgets vaping that's what's killing people. people need to roll their own. and another thing people should watch dr guest: don't smoke things in general. caller: hold it. god did not invent tobacco to kill us. as long as you do it moderately , they've been smoking tobacco for thousands of years. it started killing everybody when they started putting all those chemicals in it. secondly, people should watch a program a documentary called a lf in sheep's clothing about so long ole inski. that's the truth about what's happening in this country. thank god for donald trump. one more thing you had hillary on this morning the show before this one. georgetown university was urchased in a private -- host: we're not exactly on topic there but let me let you respond. she seems to think rolling your own cigarettes would be safer. i think your argument is that no cigarette is safe. guest: certainly added chemicals to

in an nih-funded study 8,000 e-liquids are on the market.some include banana pudding, rainbow candy and hawaiian punch. dr. riz sdmrozo, do we know how of the 8,000 flavors were tested for toxicity? >> the one was done at harvard school of health. they looked at 51 different flavors and 47 of those flavors did have chemicals in them they felt were toxic to the lung. i don't know about any larger studies at this point. >> 47 out of 51? >> i believe was the number, yes. >> dr. ezike, you have collected samples of the products that were used by victims of the outbreak and those are in the process of being tested, correct? >> that's correct. they are with the fda and we're waiting for those results. >> as you search for the cause of the outbreak, you have not ruled out components of flavors as possible contributing factors to the outbreak, have you? >> that is correct. we have not ruled that out. >> dr. ezike, are any cigarettes approved by the fda as smoking cessation devices? >> no, they are not. >> e-cigarette companies have been allowed to a

chair. >> an nih funded study found that over 8,000 new liquid flavors are currently on the market some include banana pudding, rainbow candy and hawaiian punch. dr. rizzo, do we know how many of the 8,000 flavors have been tested for toxicity? >> the one study i know was done at harvard school of public health. they looked at about 51 different flavors and 47 of those flavors did have chemicals in them they felt were toxic for the lungs. i don't know about any other larger studies at this point. dr. ezike, you have collected samples of those victims in the outbreak and you're in the process of testing those. >> those are with the fda. we're waiting for the results. >> you have not ruled out components of flavors as possible contributing flavors to the outbreak. >> that's correct, we have note ruled that out. doctor, are there any approved by the fda vaping smoking devices? >> no, they're not. >> doctor, e-cigarettes have appli been able to apply, but have not done so. and manufacturers haven't conducted clinical trials to back up a central claim? >> that's correct. >> miss porter, i'm

theould you agree that dollars that have been appropriate for the cdc and nih school shootings would be invaluable to be able to get to some solutions? >> i think that amount would be a good start. >> thank you. miss boggs, you may be aware of tograms led by -- that seek reduce social isolation. these typesupport of programs, and what other steps can we take to empower our students, parents, and teachers to prevent gun violence? i think congress has the opportunity to fully fund title for a, which is a comprehensive look at our school safety. and teachers and community members need to be a part of the conversation to come up with what works for their specific situation and their communities. it is important when we look at -- that are going collaborative leadership is important. i appreciate where you are going. i think fully funding what we have and the $50 million is a great step forward. >> thank you. >> thank you, mr. chairman. let me thank all the witnesses for your presence here today. i could spend time longer than we have the opportunity. i wanted to get back here personally

an nih funded study found over 8000 flavors of currently on the market. some of them include banana pudding, rainbow candy, and hawaiian punch. do we know how many of these 8000 flavors have been tested --toxicity? juul >> the school of public health looked at 51 different flavors. 47 of them did have chemicals they thought were toxic to the lungs. i don't know any other studies at this point. >> 47 out of 51? >> yes. >> you have collected samples of the products that were used by victims of the outbreak. those are in the process of being tested, correct? >> that is correct. they are with the fda. we are waiting for the results. >> as you search for the cause of the umbra, you have not ruled out components of flavors as possible could your bidding factors, having >> that is correct. >> are any e-cigarettes approved by the fda as smoking cessation devices? >> they are not. havecigarette companies been able to apply for fda approval as smoking cessation devices, but they have not done so juul -->> they have not. >> manufacturers have an even conducted the c

the numbers from the nih and bloomberg.com, what the opioid crisis is costing, 400,000 americans overhe last 20 years, that includes prescriptions and illicit overdoses. in that year, an estimated 1.7 million people suffered from substance abuse disorders related to prescription opioids and the total economic burden of opioid misuse is estimated to be $78.5 billion a year from the cdc. matthew next in new york, good morning. caller: yes, good morning. heard a lot of great comments so far. first and foremost, the war on drugs has been a colossal failure by any measure. drug addiction is a symptom, not a problem in and of itself. the one gentleman talked about trauma. the vast majority have suffered some kind of fizzle logical, mental, -- physical, psychological, abuse. back at marijuana in the 1940's, it was more a war on mexicans. white men were afraid mexican men would steal their women and reeferlayed on that madness. anybody thatrage watches to keep an open mind about this war and the devastation. it is about money. -- during vietnam, money was spent to pay the farmers to grow opiu

be safe and secure, department of energy will play a very vital role in being a partner working with nih, working with the va, working with some of our private sector partners and our university systems to, i think we will find a solution to the opioid epidemic we have in this country and we'll -- this will happen, my projection is this will happen sooner rather than later. >> thank you. i yield back. >> thank you very much. >> thank you, madam chair. thank you, secretary perry. i want to tell you how much i enjoyed being able -- having the privilege of escorting you around the two crown jewels of the national laboratory system, argon national laboratory and -- and i think there was a slide that was going to be put up here in a moment. if we can bring the screen down, please. this is one of the many hats i wear as co-chair, we plan to be visiting all 17 of the national laboratories and leading as large a congressional delegation as i can corral. we're going to be heading to the new mexico national labs los alamos, sandia, white sands and the trinity test site where the first nuclear weap

it's the single largest grant funding of any single program in the history of nih.hat we need. mr. secretary, thank you very much for being with us, sir. always appreciate it. >> thank you, stuart. stuart: yes, sir. we have breaking news. it's all happening today. this is from the fed's vice chair, richard clarida. speaking in san francisco, edward lawrence is with us. edward, give me the headlines, please. reporter: yeah, he's speaking in san francisco at a federal reserve event there. richard clarida is saying that we are at or near maximum employment in this economy. he says that with the rising wages, there is no evidence that there is inflation pressures going on the upward side. he says that the inflation -- wages are growing in line with production growth as well as the underlying inflation in the economy. now, his one concern is that the neutral rate has fallen. the neutral federal funds rate has fallen which is why they are bringing with these rate cuts, bringing it down. he says that with that, it increases the chance we will hit the zero lower bound in an

>> you are ten times more likely to become a long-term user if you vape, i believe it's on the nih websiteats for example kids come if you ask them what's in this e-cigarettes, 66% say that it's just flavoring. >> dana: i want to get a take on this because scott got leak him who is the former fda administrator says it's probably something new that has been introduced into the market by an illegal manufacture and eat he mentioned thc to "the new york times." is that a possibility about these recent problems? >> it's certainly a possibility. when we've got kids on ventilators, we don't have kids in an icu on ventilators with traditional smoking. that stuff usually takes years to kill you. we are seeing this rash of cases, we act quick when there's a bullet and flu epidemics. we've got act quick with e-cigarettes. >> dr. marty mccarrick, thank you so much for your insights. senator elizabeth warren looking ahead to tomorrow's democratic debate and she's laying out a plan to go after joe biden. in a massive oil spill contaminating a section of the close, coastline and the bahamas, the details