they have cold la ninas.em for running them a very long period of time the actual frequency distribution of warming trends that comes out of these models and then you could make a statistical test couldn't you. you could find out if the observed warming trends say for five years, six years, on out to 15 years back or even 20 years back are running at -- within the statistical confidence limits of these models. each one of these colored lines by the way is a computer model. they go up and down. this is an el nino in this model. that's a la nina which is colder in that model. they don't have volcanos. that the change in carbon dioxide is large. the response to carbon dioxide is log rhythmic. and i guess we spent $10 billion if you have an exponent in a a log you get a straight line. anyway, this is a close-up of the behavior of the models in the near term. we are right here. so we've gone through half of this -- a little less than half of this 2000/2020 period and you can see the change models are very linear,

this is a la nina which is colder in that model.ave volcanos in them but we'll take care of that in ú second. and the average volatilities which is in a straight line which is part of the greenhouse effect theory. the change in carbon dioxide is large. the response to carbon dioxide is log rhythmic and i guess we spent $10 spending you get a straight line which is something somebody in precalculus will do. anyway, this is a close-up of the behavior of the models in the nearágterm. we are right here. so we've gone through half of this -- a little less than half of 2000 to 2020 period and you can see that, in fact, the change models are very linear, constant rates of warming. and this is the warming since the beginning of the second warming of the 20th century beginning around 1977 and, in fact, if you fit a straight line to it, that's the best statistical fit to the estate. you could fit a log rhythm but it won't explain much variance. you could pit an exponent. any second order fit doesn't fit as well as a first order straight line.

. >> thank you very much, nina. we don't often do this kind of a format and i think -- well, you'll all have to let us know how it works but it's a great pleasure to be me sitting need to the ambassador who is recent joined us in washington. you have her full bioin your folder and online but prior to coming here she was the indian ambassador to berlin to the federal republic of germany. what we're going to do this morning is take our first half an our and we're going to try to have a little bit of a conversation and then we're going to open up the floor to questions. we thought that it would be -- we thought that it would be a more interesting way to have a conversation. it was the ambassador's suggestion, and i think that it'll be a lovely way for us to start a very nice monday morning in washington on this holiday week. so you did just have an election. >> yes. >> let me turn on your mic for you. >> yes, we had an election in india and, you know, it's always a huge scale just to give you an example, you know, it h

as nina tottenberg said on national public radio, if sonia sotomayor dominates oral argument at her court, if she is feisty, pushy, she would fit right in at the the united states supreme court. surely we have come to a time in this country where we can confirm as many gruff, to-the-point female judges as we can confirm gruff, to-the-point male judges. just think how far we have come with this nominee. when sandra day o'connor graduateed from law school 50-plus years ago, the only offer -- the only offer -- she got from a law firm was for a position as a legal secretary. she had this great background, a very impressive background. and yet the only offer she got was as a legal secretary. judge ginsburg, who now sits on the court, faced similar obstacles. when she entered harvard in the 1950's, she was the only one of nine women in a class of more than 500. one of nine women in a class of more than 500. and one professor actually asked her to justify taking a place that would have gone to a man in that class in harvard. nine women, 500 spots, and someone actually asked her to justify the fa