women like my great-grandmothers learned about that potential through the political cartoons of nina allender. she back cartooning in 1914 and continued to create provocative images through its run in 1920. my presentation will cover four areas in a brief fashion. first, i put the active cartooning in its historical context of the progressive era and note how the nwp embraced the medium as one of its nonviolent strategies to cure the vote. i explain the maternalist overtone driving the cartoons. progressive era female reformers embrace what jane adams referred to as public motherhood by using society's understanding of women as guardians of the home to improve their communities. allender adopted this maternal imagery to describe the issues driving the sufficient fact campaigns. third, i note how she incorporated a sarcasm into her work especially in regard to protests and pickett cartoons. fourth, i conclude with recognition that allender's images do not depict people subjected to racial inequity. rather she was a white woman of her time and whiteness prevails in the cartoon images. to unders

american women's suffrage association who were dedicated to the federal amendment like alice paul and nina allender shown in this group photo launched a movement separate from the nawsa. through nawsa's congressional union and then their separation into the national women's party, members always promoted a non-violent stance as a way to advocate for and to women of the right to full citizen ri. led my passive its like alice paul, the ultimate goal was to achieve full suffrage by means of a federal amendment. they used "the suffragist" to educate members about critical social issues that could be altered with the female vote and to communicate how women could change their self-image and stat news society. the suffragist differed in that it emphasized political action and education over fashion or travel items. according to rhetoric scholars kathryn adams and michael keene, alice paul wanted a vehicle to "espouse her own opinions, lavish attention on successful events, feature positive press coverage and stress her large membership and financial solvency. in december of 1913 there were 1200 paid subs