nixon. the keen university movie classes online due to the coronavirus pandemic, video of the class is courtesy of the school. >> okay guys, we are ready to start. thank you for your patience and for logging into class. again, today remotely during this unpleasant coronavirus situation, which will hopefully pass soon. i'm glad to see you were all well, also you see leave moved out of the dorms, i took a walk through campus today. since we are social distancing here doctor kristin is not here with me in the zoom but she is with you in the video, kuby say hello. there she is. she can answer any questions about the papers afterwards online. today, we get into one of my favorite chapters in the whole year, and that is the chapters, the chapter on richard nixon followed by gerald ford in this presidents and constitution book. the nixon chapter was written by the late stanley cutler. was a professor of history at the university of madison wisconsin. one of the green scholars of the watergate era.

nixon came to try the mini dress.size. from the best we could find that is how it is that mrs. nixon came to try the mini dress. she also adapted another style that actually started or it's believed to have started in southern california in the glendale area, although some accounts claim it started in london, and that was called the granny dress. what mrs. nixon did was worked with designers and taking different motifs from those granny dresses which were of course evoked a little bit more of a rustic kind of natural feel and adapted it to her own style. of course, she was first lady and so she couldn't appear at receptions at one of those begun gunny sack dresses but she did adapt it and i think it looked quite flattering on her. she was also a first lady unusual from all of her predecessors in that she literally touched people. when pat nixon went along a rope line she did not merely shake hands. she hugged people, she kissed people, she was very physically demonstrative. what this led to was her asking designers to

nixon came to try the minidress. she also adopted -- adapted another style that actually started, or is believed to have started in southern california, in the glendale area, although some accounts claim it started in london, and that was called the granny dress. and what wet mrs. nixon did was work with designers in taking a different motives from those granny dresses, which were of course you vote a bit more of a rustic, natural feel, and adapted it to her own style. of course, she was first lady, and so she could appear at receptions in one of those counties that dresses, but she did adapt it and quite a, i think it looked quite flattering on her. she was also a first lady unusual from her predecessors in that she literally touched people. when pat nixon went along a rope line, she did not really shake hands. she hugged people, she kissed people. she was very physically demonstrative. and what this led to was her asking designers to begin making dresses with large pockets because many people gave her letters or no

he never even saw nixon. his people, jack miller and ron ziggler, who was working as his handler, would go in and talk to him and come back and they would say, well, he likes the idea of the pardon. that's fine. these other two things are kind of problematic. let's deal with them later. becker later learned that while he was flying to california in the plane, from the white house, general hague called nixon and let him know what to expect and said, do not relent on these things. he is going to give you the pardon. don't cave in. don't agree to anything else. you gotta realize, the inner circle of the nixon presidency was actually now working against president ford secretly to undermine him. becker found a secure phone to call president ford. when he reported that night what was going on, ford was angry. he said, i'm ready to give this guy a pardon that could foreclose any chance of me becoming president and he is not going to agree. he said, give them one day. if it doesn't happen, it's never going to happen.

the staff of the nixon foundation and the richard nixon presidential library enjoyed a long friendship with carl. in many ways we consider you part of the family, carl. when we called him back in april to propose the idea of a first lady's exhibit, luncheon and lecture series carl's enthusiasm was contagious. in five months -- five months, the concept had become a reality. ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming karl-anthony. -- carl anthony. [ applause ] >> thank you. thank you for all of you who are here today, many of you here for all of the lectures. a special thanks also to chris. we have thanked a lot of individual staff members and everyone has contribute and played a role, but certainly, chris has been very calm in overseeing that all of these events have gone smoothly. so a special thanks to chris nordyke. [ applause ] and, you know, from bill, the director of the foundation, to cheryl, the secretary, to jim -- i'm giving you their first names. maybe some of you know them all. but, really, i gave 100% only because i saw that i was getting 100% back from everybody. th

nixon's past problems. and spend 100% of my time on the problems facing the american people as a whole. and the only way to do that was to pardon mr. nixon, get all his problems out of the white house, so that my concentration could be on the economy, diplomatic problems, military problems including how we could end the conflict in vietnam. there were some in the congress who that said i had made a deal with mr. nixon to become president. in return i would grant him a pardon. that was a total inaccurate fabrication. the only way that i could put it on the record under oath was to respond to a request by the house committee on the judiciary to go to capitol hill and lay out the facts. so at the request of the chairman of that committee, and the chairman of the subcommittee, i went up to capitol hill and testified under oath that there was no deal. that the decision was made strictly on what was best for the american people. >> on the third floor of the white house, he is a husband and father first before he

he had considered nixon a friend and felt very lied to, felt very betrayed by nixon. nixon, of course, had a choice between resignation and impeachment, chose resignation. and now ford finds himself in a period of eight months going from congressperson to vice president and now president of the united states. to give you an idea of just how fast this had happened -- um, okay, when president ford became vice president, he had kept his phone number in the white pages of the alexandria phone book. because he believed if people need to be able to get ahold of me, then they got to be able to have my phone number. well, now all of a sudden he's president of the united states, he's now president of the united states, his phone number is still listed, and his aides told him to get an unlisted phone number, which he did, but it gives you the idea of just how fast all of this happened. so here enters ford, a popular president, approval rating around 75%. the person to use ford's own words, paraphrase ford, the person to end america's nightmare. and he gave the impression to the

he considered nixon a friend and he felt very about lied to velvet betrayed by nixon. nixon of course had the choice between resignation and impeachment chose resignation. and now ford finds himself. and a period of eight months. going from congressperson. device president and our president united states to give you an idea of just how fast this had happened. um okay. when president ford became vice president he had kept his phone number in the white pages of the alexandria phone book because he believed if people need to be able to get a hold of me then they got to be able to get my have my phone number. well now all of a sudden he's president united states. he is now president united states. his phone number is still listed. at his age told me god again enlisted phone number which he did but i think gives an idea of just how fast all of this happened. so here enters ford. a popular president approval rating around 75% the person to use ford's own words paraphrase forward the person who's going to end america's nightmare. and he gave the impression to the american peo

he's not nixon's first choice, but he is a solid choice for richard nixon. ford, however, because of his coalition building, because of his work, because of his reputation on capitol hill is an easy selection. carl albert, the speaker of the house, tells richard nixon i can get you jerry ford if you want jerry ford. ford goes through an extended background investigation, because even as he's selected, there is this whirlwind of controversy surrounding richard nixon over the matter of watergate, nefarious activities that had taken place during the 1972 election and before involving secret tapes, bugging of opposition offices and a number of other issues that many people believed the president himself had been involved in. but what nixon was involved in was obstructing the investigation into that. even as ford is being investigated for the vice president, there are a number on capitol hill who believe they are choosing not just the next vice president, but president of the united states. so nixon nominated ford to fill the vacancy. over 400 fbi agents spread o

nixon said business as usual. and i felt so dejected, i guess, because it seemed like all this effort was put forth, but yet it wasn't getting through. >> i'm going to stop at that point. lawrence roberts? >> yeah, one of the enduring questions of this time is, you know, what -- to what extent did the anti-war movement, the vietnam anti-war movement stop the war, shorten the war, constrain the military in the war. you know, historians debate this because, you know, it's hard to say what would have happened if there were no anti-war movement. i mean, i think there's no question if you listen to the nixon tapes, if you look at the documents, if you study the johnson administration as well, there's no question that the anti-war movement, the domestic opposition to the war constrained the military from doing more intense options, you know, more serious innovations of north vietnam. of using more, you know, weapons of war, of even potentially using tactical nuclear weapons which was on the table at one point. there is

richard nixon was elected in 1968. one of the reasons he was elected was his promise to end the war. rather than ending the war, he was expanding it geographically. in 1971, in february, troops were sent south. that triggered another run of the movement, which was in the spring of 1971. we have dozens of antiwar groups who came together in this chaotic choreography, starting in mid april of 1971 and going through mid-may. they were designed to bolster support. the finale of this protest was to be the most audacious one, which was the blockade of the street and bridges. that is why they were camped, getting ready for protest. the nixon administration was increasingly worried about the effect of all the protests, so they secretly revoked the permit on saturday and sunday morning, they sent in the police to clear out the park, in the hopes that the people who would come in would disperse and go home, and there would be no protest monday morning, but that is not what happened. greta: i want to show the viewers, on april 7,

that's not what nixon did. in the fourth debate he lashed out at kennedy's statement, denouncing that it's irresponsible and foolish. he gave a long thoughtful argument as to why a covert military operation against the castro regime was a terrible idea, dangerously irresponsible as he said in the debate. nixon explained this lie was painful but it was his, quote, uncomfortable and ironic duty and he added, from that point on i this the wisdom and weariness of someone who had been burned by the consensus. i vowed i would never again enter into an election at a disadvantage by being vulnerable to them or anyone on the level of political tactics. it's a lesson that nixon learned well. a lesson that led him straight to watergate. that's a story for another time though. as we know, johnson kennedy got what he wished for. he became the 335th president of the united states. on january 20th he was handed this plan that had been developed under the eisenhower administration. kennedy did know something about it by the ti

that was richard nixon. kennedy had come out in the press the previous day with a statement about cuba. in a statement kennedy suggested that the eisenhower administration was being negligent about castro and that they really ought to find some way to help anti-castro cubans. take up arms against castro. of course, this was exactly what the eisenhower administration was trying to do. when nixon saw this in the newspapers, he was outraged. somebody in the cia. he thought must have told kennedy about the cia's plan. and now kennedy was claiming this as his own idea when in fact he richard nixon had been pushing for this operation for months. but nixon couldn't say that because it was a covert operation. so he just had to shut up and let kennedy pretend the whole thing was his idea. or that's probably what he should have done. but that is not in fact what nixon did instead in the fourth debate. he lashed out at kennedy's statement denouncing it as irresponsible and foolish. you have a long thoughtful argument a

nixon got very bad press from pearson over the years.ut nixon was a quaker and felt he should break up the fight. host: the administration was a tight ship with not many weeks. but i want you to talk about the incident that started a press government relations down a slope credibility gap. mr. ritchie: as a former military man he was used to controlling the press and thought he could control them as president. he had an effective press secretary, jim haggerty, who provided the press the information they were seeking but made sure they did not see the information the administration wanted to protect. they did not want leaks. eisenhower did a lot of foreign policy through the cia. there were instances in iran, guatemala, vietnam, that we did not know about at the time but it affected our foreign policy for generations. they are still feeling the effects in iran. at the time, everything was hush-hush and eisenhower was happy. one of the issues that came up was, is the u.s. falling behind russia and producing missiles? so the image of a miss

pearson gives nixon a honeymoon.he first six months of the administration, he did not go on the attack. but before he became president, nixon told his chief of staff that no one was allowed to talk to pearson. but we will read the column every day to make sure no one is talking to him. pearson was the first person on the nixon enemy list. then he died before watergate and jack anderson took over and began to expose things going on in the administration. as watergate broke, anderson wrote a column saying, pearson was right. he nailed what nixon was all about and how untrustworthy he is. i can feel his spirit hovering over my typewriter. pearson did not get to live long enough to see how seriously the public would take investigative reporting and how different it would become after his death. he was the link between the muckrakers and post-watergate investigative reporters. he died at the cusp of when it began. moses did not get to the promised land. host: when he died there were services in the national cathedral in 1

yes, that was known as the nixon shock. and that's where you find it under wikipedia to research that, over the next 2 weeks, we're going to be looking at that building up to this 50 year anniversary of a great monetary experiment. this is a monetary experiment, right? because this is the 1st time we've had a global all the out world based on basically nothing but paper backed by, as paul common at the new york times. a nobel economist says back by men with guns . that's a 1st we've always had hard money or hard wealth creation, real wealth creation. so this is the 1st time we've had been beyond that sort of system. so it's an experiment we're 50 years into it. and that's kind of what because report has been doing for the past 10 years. it's kind of cataloging the results and the consequences of this were researching the experiment. right. so there's 2 parts to it. there's a monetary relativism. yeah. which is that fear money in one country was valuable relative to the money in other countries. yeah. and so that entered int

yes, that was known as the nixon shock. and that's where you find it under wikipedia to research that, over the next 2 weeks, we're going to be looking at that building up to this 50 year anniversary of a great monetary experiment. this is a monetary experiment, right? because this is the 1st time we've had a global all the out world based on basically nothing but paper backed by as paul common at the new york times. a nobel economist says back by men with guns. that's a 1st we've always had hard money or hard wealth creation, real wealth creation. so this is the 1st time we've had been beyond that sort of system. so it's an experiment we're 50 years into it. and that's kind of what because report has been doing for the past 10 years. it's kind of cataloging the results and the consequences of this were researching the experiment. right. so there's 2 parts to it. there's a monetary relativism. yeah. which is that fee money in $1.00 country was valuable relative to the money in other countries. yeah. and so that entered into

, and they had heard about ed nixon, so mr. nixon recommended to claudette's parents that they get this young black lawyer to represent her when she was arrested, and they did. at that time i thought this was a good opportunity for me. but now i have to raise all these issues in this case before the judge who was the judge of the juvenile court of montgomery county. and i raised these issues, and they had charged her with being a delinquent and in assaulting an officer because when she was arrested, she didn't voluntarily just walk off. they almost had to drag her. she didn't resist, and she didn't fight back. but the judge listened to me. but in the final analysis, he found her to be guilty -- found her to be a delinquent and placed her on unsupervised probation. i was ready then because i knew ultimately we were going to change the laws, we were going to have to go to court, and i was prepared to do that. but i'm not sure the montgomery community, the black community even was quite ready for it, but there were some people tha

>> they were in the white house, obviously for the president mister -- nixon. >> no, take nixon was in the house, he was over on capitol hill. >> that house! >> so me when my dad came in as a french freshman congressman, dick nixon was -- befriended him, i should say, and they became friends there. so when you watched my parents walk the nixon's out to the helicopter for the departure, it was a very sad day because it was a friendship that, you know, had changed and i think my dad was very upset that he had been like to. he had absolutely been lie to and that was hard for him to handle because one of the things that my parents raised as kids was tell the truth. absolutely, tell the truth. and, you know, the punishment will be much less. >> that's fascinating. and of course, you didn't have as many first ladies around has her father left office. there were five former living presidents -- and my mother of course knew lady bird with the johnson's having been in the house also, and she has known lady bird in london for years because they had all been in the house about the hill. and same

it's known as the nixon shock. and i'm going to look at this 1st chart here. 50 years later, it was the shortest recession ever. so that little recession we had from february 2020 to april 2020 was just 2 months, is the shortest recession in history. and i thought, you know, what, with the accelerated parabolic printing of the money that we've seen, especially since 2008. but every single little dip in the market number used to cars back then, it used to as a pretty substantial crash on the market for any sort of intervention. but max worked and wall street in 1987. it took a 20 percent crash over 20 percent crash one day. well now it takes like a bike less than 2 percent crash and they start intervening. so i think in the future, you know, everyone will suffer 15 minutes of recession. so what happens when the length of the recession goes to 0? what's another word for that? pop quiz procession is 0 time in length. what do you call that? what is that word? is called communism right? only in communism or state run co

nixon was this loner. a friend around him or else he would have angst and medilancholymelanchol. bebe could entertain nixon when he needed a break, he could make martinis or cook steaks or sit for hours when nixon was deep in thought. here's where it all went wrong, he was loyal to a fault. when nixon got into office as president he started to involve bebe robozo in his nefarious acts and deeds. he asked him to take a million dollar bribe. that was the impetus for why nixon decided to bug the watergate which led to his impeachment and resignation. a good friend would have said, no, dick, you have to appeal to your better angels. >> that's when good friends are helpful, you need good friends to tell you the hard truths, right? let me ask you about -- go ahead. >> go ahead. >> i was just going to ask you about joe biden, one of the things that i noticed about biden is that he has a sort of insular circle around him. he has a tight knit group of family members and friends that he relies upon. what would he wr

nixon was a pullman. a porter. he knew a philip randolph, the black leader in new york, was president of his union. if we make him the treasurer, we will need money to try to do all the work that needs to be done. a. philip randolph would help him to do it. make him treasurer. and then rufus lewis, a former coach at alabama state, well respected, was the owner of a nightclub called the citizens club. in order to get in that club, you had to be a registered voter. his wife was the co-owner of the largest black funeral home in town. they have automobiles. they only use those automobiles when they had funeral services. if we make him chairman of the transportation committee, then his wife, along with these other black funeral homes in the state, will be able to help to get these people transported in their automobiles. the only other thing you need is you need a lawyer. here mi, -- here am i, send me. as a result of what we did there, that was the conclusion, martin luther king, we will have to sew the seeds around an

at the time richard nixon, i think in the johnson/nixon area became the idea of self determination that's act was passed to really give the tribes more responsibility rather than the federal government doing all these difrp things for us. different things for us. that's when we seen this transition into empowerment. of tribes to live self-determined, in other words xtd -- today we're in an area of self-governance where tribes basically contracted for the funding that they basically ran these programs themselves. they just hired their own people. they hired whoever they wanted to hire. didn't have to really use indian health service, you know, employees to really -- and some tribes still do that today. our health care really seems self governance funding. we run the health center ourselves with certain amount of federal funding. we do that. i think we've come a long way. our strength is we're located in the city. all we have to do is buy properties and bring the businesses into the tribe. in rural, nevada, may not ruin businesses even if you were to buy piece of land. so the strength of us

. >> it was as we all know president nixon began to open that door back in his administration and i do remember that trip very well. i remember throwing a frisbee on the great wall of china with gary trudeau. i mean, it was a great day. i also had the privilege of meeting chairman mao was which very unusual. he would disappear at different times and his health had not been good. so i have a great photograph of shaking hands with him. and i also remember when we were on that trip mother and i were dismissed after the meeting and dad stayed in the palace with him with maybe just one secret service agent and they spent about an hour to two hours alone talking which was a rarity to not have, you know, staff and secretary of defense. kissinger was on the trip. i don't think henry stayed in the room with him, it was just the two of them. >> it was an interesting time for your father's whole administration. a period of transition, domestically from a resigned president to a new president, your dad said at one point the long national nightmare is over and he worked very hard to kind of open th

so, my mother had known pat nixon for quite some time. and so -- >> is that when he was vice president? or -- or they -- they were in the -- in the white house, obviously, for the -- for the -- for the president -- but -- >> no, dick nixon was in the house. he was over in the -- on capitol hill. >> that house. >> in that house. so when my dad came in as a freshman congressman, dick nixon was a good friend -- was -- befriended him, i should say. and they became friends, then. so, when you watched my parents walk the nixons out to the helicopter for the departure, it was a very sad day because it was a friendship that, you know, had changed. and -- and i think, my dad was very upset that he had been lied to. he had, absolutely, been lied to. and -- and he, you know, that was hard for him to handle. because one of the things that my parents raised us, kids, was tell the truth. absolutely, tell the truth. and, you know, the punishment will be much less. so -- >> that's fascinating. and, of course, i -- the other -- you didn't have as many fir

of talking about law in order and also nixon's habit of being surrounded by crooks. but in donald trump's case, instead of all of them being hauled into court for one big crime the way they were under nixon, over the last few years we've had to watch all of these close friends and associates of president trump walk into court one at a time, each of them often facing charges in a completely separate criminal enterprise, each of them unique. like snowflakes. we watch trump's personal lawyer and arriving court to face charges of making hush money payments to trump's alleged mistresses. we watch trump's national security adviser had into court to face charges of lying to the fbi. when trump's campaign chairman was indicted on a rat of felonies including tax and bank fraud, we had to walk very fast like maybe he get out around the press. trump's longtime political adviser, roger stone, did the walk like he does everything else, flamboyantly trust like a cartoon villain and attended by a giant entourage to face his sentencing for lying to congress and witness tampering. an