one of them nixon is tamia more human character nixon you see nixon suffering you see nixon in these tapes having conversations with his daughter. you know, he had a of course he had family i go into some of the family crises they faced. um, but you know, he was a loving family person. ultimately. i mean, i see perhaps in 50 years time. we'll get a different. view of trump, but i'm not sure we'll have the you know, i can't see the human qualities in trump that i can see in nixon. i can't see the suffering. i can't see the basic respect for the system. i certainly can't see the i mean nixon whatever else you think of him was a brilliant mind. it wasn't kissinger who opened up to china, of course, you know, that might not have been such a great idea now that we have problems with china, but that was nixon was a very, you know, creative foreign policy thinker he read deeply about american history. i i'm in perhaps my too close to trump, but i i put them in

at which point kissinger told nixon.nd the following week, the ambassador to poland flew home and walked into the oval office and nixon explained to him and apparently very vivid terms that he, the president, expected the following things to happen, and just wanted to know they were going to happen with this ambassador or with the next ambassador. [laughter] at which point the guy said, oh, ok, i will do it. [laughter] so, they go through a process -- to show you an example of how secretive this was -- they very carefully are reaching out to the chinese and saying, we would really like to sit down and talk. now, the chinese had become very unhappy with the soviets. it is important remember that when khrushchev made his speech attacking stalin, from the standpoint of the chinese communist party, this was heresy. this was like luther taking on the catholic church. the chinese communist party even to this day loves stalin and loves linen, and that is the nature of the chinese coming's -- communist party, founded by a group

nixon came in january 1969. what were the efforts that a variety of administration had taken to control the bomb? what the status of the bomb, the the proliferation of nuclear arms around the world, particularly with the superpowers and and how did nixon himself approach those matters on the one hand? but his thoughts about arms control on the other that your questions, of course, get at the very core of the book. so i'll try to just give a snapshot here. let me preface all my remarks today, though. i'm here in the capacity a nonresident fellow since i do have my position at the pentagon, i am obligated to to say that everything i say today or my own opinions and do not reflect those of the department, defense or the united states government. so that said, i will address your questions. of course, the atomic age was born at the end of world war two. so by the sixties we had already been in their arms, an arms race with the soviet union for a couple of decades. but on the eve of the nixon presidency, the united s

nixon also faced a crisis.d a personal crisis and a national crisis and that's the crisis that d i try to describen this book. why did ii call it "king richard"? at i don't think i'm very good at titles but i think "king richard" is fitting. it sums up the spirit of what i was trying too do. obviously that phrase evokes a shakespearean tragedy. shakespeare wrote king layer and two books into plays richard the second and richard iii but also there's a connection to let -- nixon'sbe life. his mother as you know he came from a poor quaker family in pennsylvania she called her sons, she named her sons all three of her sons after the kings kings of englanded and she named richard after the first king richard. two others were named after other english kings and effect they died when richard was very youngug from tuberculosis. he had a tough upbringing. and is trying to get away from this background to become president of the united states and then the same qualities of% since an drive and hatreds of his enemies and a

nixon arrived in saigon. were among the first the welcome them. ♪ ♪ >> also gathered to greet the personal representatives of president eisenhower were important chinese government officials and members of the diplomatic corps. ♪ ♪ >> the vice president's visit was tremendously heartening to the capital of nationalist china. the next day he conferred with president chang kai-shek after giving him a letter from president eisenhower that strongly reassured china's leader and its people. the two statesmen posed for news cameramen. ♪♪ >> mr. nixon summed up the content of their talks in a brief statement. >> i just had a conference with the president with regard to the relations between the government of the united states and the government of the republic of china, and in this conference we discussed the mutual problems and the mutual dangers which we confront in the world. the government of the united states and the people of the united states stand firmly with the government of the republic of china and the pe

i think in that sense, both the nixon library in the nixon foundation are very important centers fromhich we can learn a lot more about what it would take for america to survive. and i can tell you for us both how honored we are to have been allowed to come here and be part of this very first grand strategy summit. and how much we think that this is really important for the country's future. learning from the people who have done it is one of the real keys to being successful, getting the next generation to do it, and in that sense, i think the foundation and library play a key role in america's future. thank you very very much. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, speaker newt gingrich. [applause] the nixon grand strategy summit would take a 15 minute break before we gather in the ballroom for our panel, russia-ukraine in the western world featuring gary kasparov and the neil ferguson and others. see you all at 1:15 p.m. ♪ ♪ >> c-span now is that free mobile app featuring your unfiltered view of what is happening in washington live and on demand. keep up with the days events from live

no president because of president nixon is ever going to take himselfthe way nixon did . we can say that for sure. so this historical record is never going to exist again. some people say trump tweeted a lot. i'm sorry, but the tweets were intended to be public in the first place. the tapes were not intended to be public . tapes were private documents nixon never intended to become public and when they did becomepublic he was horrified by it . so now,'s and was not the first president to take himself. actually, taping in the white house began with franklin roosevelt who taped his press conferences during the second world war because he was angry with the press about disclosing him and he thought he had a device in his desk he could turn that tape machine on but he got fed up with it after a few sessions and stopped the practice but then after the war kennedy taped himself or he taped meetings in, not in the oval office, inthe cabinet room down the corner from the oval office .and i drew on those dates actually read my book about the cuban missile crisis. they're very valu

i'm nixon. he's the general editor of the presidential recordings digital edition the primary online portal for transcripts of the tapes published by the university of virginia press. mark earned a ba degree in philosophy from trinity college a master's degree in international affairs from columbia university and a phd in history from ohio university a historian of the cold war. he's author of the kennedy withdrawal camelot and the american commitment to vietnam published by harvard forthcoming in 2022 and constructing the monolith the united states great britain and international communism 1945 to 1950. also harvard 2009 which won the stuart l burnath book prize from the society for historians of american foreign relations. there's time mark will answer your questions at the close, which you can submit on the q&a tab at the bottom of your screen. so with that i'll pass this over to him welcome mark. thank you again for joining us tonight. thanks, ron, and thanks to your whole team for setting t

the answer is richard nixon.it's not always the answer for things like they change it but it is richard nixon. and it is richard nixon and it is gerald ford. to make a very long story short, we have, we all now our presidential records because gerald ford made a mistake. gerald ford, and is not his fault, okay? but gerald ford comes in office totally unprecedented. no present had resided for no present had ever resigned with an indictment or two hanging over his head. and president nixon left so many documents on the fourth floor of the executive office building that the secret service was afraid the floor would actually collapse. that's how many documents were left. in addition, there were, depends on the figures, about 880 reels of tape. most of them were bought at the then the equivalent of a cvs. were very flimsy and they were all gathered together, also in the executive office building. one day a moving van pulls up, and president ford had continued in office, president nixon's chief of staff, alexander haig

things are getting done on nixon's watch, but the big thing for nixon, he is president just days, andhe santa barbara oil spill happens. host: how big was it? guest: it was an atrocity in early 1969, dead birds on the beach, or find lexis. he goes out there and he regulates properly on how are we going to regulate offshore oil drilling. the cuyahoga river catches fire, is on time magazine, and by the fall of 1969 earth day is being flooded by walter luther. the head of united automobile workers. in the senator of wisconsin. and nixon wants one of the action, and january 1, 1970 nixon signs the national environmental policy act, which gives our country environmental impact statements. we can build anything we want to build, it was a revolution. nixon gave the deserves credit for it. nixon gave the best date of the union on the environment and anybody of american history even up until now in january of 1970. a couple of months later it was the first birthday. nixon was suspicious it was -- a rusty idea, but they're planted a tree at the white house. that summer of 1970 with a lot of the

nixon was a leader in it. our country has pulled together on the idea that we have got to protect what we love so much, and we have got to think today always. in my mind, i know we have climate change, another topic, but why can't we swim in our lakes? why can't we swim in the river? why do our fish have to be poisoned and we worry about getting mercury poisoning or something else from eating them? these are the questions rachel carson asked. ddt was killing the ball eagle, osprey going extinct, the condor going extinct, alligators disappearing. in the book i list all the species. our country acted and we did something, so i am grateful to that generation that we did get an environmental protection agency, and endangered species act, nixon did sign a vigorous clean air act that made a difference. we had a clean water act in 1972 , so this silent spring generation i am writing about, the three presidents were responsive to the public, and that is what great presidents to. candidate, johnson, and nixon were all

is it linkage, like what nixon did?ut we play a similar game and say if you want to invest in the united states and this rich market with these consumers who like to max out their credit cards, then we will welcome you in. a new kind of trade effort that we really have not seen out of any prior administration really in the last eight to 12 years. i think there are two presidents that have not had trade promotion authority but maybe we do not need those kind of deals anymore. i do not know. i do not know what the answer is, but the resources that we have, the attractiveness of us to every other nation in the world is absolutely unparalleled. and you know it very simply because this is where the capital comes and it is where the people want to come. mr. byron: we were talking about carrots. let's also talk about sticks. and how effective do you think the costs that we have imposed on vladimir putin have been? gary, we will turn to you, we will bring you in. obviously, we have imposed very strong sanctions, but russia has

the nixon white in 1968. and the nixon story.the nixon campaign in 1968 and the nixon white house after that had two enemies the antiwar left and black people. by getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and, blacks with heroin, and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities. we could arrest their leaders, raid their homes, up their meetings, and vilify them after night on the evening news. did we know we were lying about the drugs? of course we did. the drug war. simply the easiest way to squelch to the nixon white house. instead addressing citizens legitimate concern about the vietnam war and racial discrimination they just branded them lawless criminals. nixon declared his war on drugs in 1971 at a time when more people died falling down stairs than from drug. in fact, barely 1% of students smoked weed daily compared to 33% smoking cigarets in 1973. nixon established the dea to carry out his new drug policy to drum up public. his staff gathered tv's biggest producers to pitch drug rel

oh, the nixon. yeah, yeah. i talked about early days in the nixon white house. yeah.that he was originally from australia from one of the and he did work at one of the biggest advertising agencies in california and in the united states at the time before he was chosen for the cabinet. i wonder if i don't remember if. i knew that i, i it's so much information. i forget a lot of it. i don't know if i knew that because much of reagan's administration were all pr people like. and so i spent a lot of time on reagan in the book because we think about reagan isn't true and it seems it seems to be that our propaganda in the united states comes more directly or at least used to come more directly from the type of propaganda that existed in germany. but there's that other kind of propaganda that existed in, the soviet union that was kind of outside of the realm of of corporate life. can you talk a little bit about that. oh, i don't know i'm not as well versed on, uh, on that as i am. i feel like nazi propaganda and american corporate propaganda. um, but yeah, i guess there it w

who joined us this morning, especially trish and nixon cox, the eldest daughter of president nixon andusband edward. thank you for being here. [applause] the grand strategy summit kicked off last night with two national security advisers taking the stage. opening remarks were delivered by dr. henry kissinger, who needs no introduction as president nixon's national security advisor and secretary of state, and the winner of the nobel peace prize. last evening he outlined the nixon grand strategy, which was to essentially "combine power with purpose." he went on, "we should place the american interest in such a way we were closer to russia and china than they were close to each other, giving us a maximum

who joined us this morning, especially trish and nixon cox, the eldest daughter of president nixon and her husband edward. thank you for being here. [applause] the grand strategy summit kicked off last night with two national security advisers taking the stage. opening remarks were delivered by dr. henry kissinger, who needs no introduction as president nixon's national security advisor and secretary of state, and the winner of the nobel peace prize. last evening he outlined the nixon grand strategy, which was to essentially "combine power with purpose." he went on, "we should place the american interest in such a way we were closer to russia and china than they were close to each other, giving us a maximum flexibility." "at the end of his time in office, dr. kissinger said president nixon had given a new strategy and a new meaning in a new direction to american foreign policy that linked power to purpose and moved america to a position, where at that point it was dominating the policy in the middle east and achieved military superiority in military fields, and was engaged in meaningfu

especially tricia nixon cox. the eldest daughter of president nixon. thank you for being here.applause] the grand strategy summit kicked off last night with two national security advisor's taking the stage, opening remarks were delivered by dr. henry kissinger, who needs no introduction as president nixon's national security advisor and secretary of state and the winner of the nobel peace prize. last evening he outlined the nixon grand strategy, which was to essentially combine power with purpose. he went on, we should place the american interest in such a way we were closer to russia and china than they were close to each other. giving us a maximum flexibility. at the end of this time in office, dr. kissinger said president nixon had given a new strategy and a new meaning in a new direction to american foreign policy that linked power to purpose and moved america to a position, where at that point it was dominating the policy in the middle east and achieve military superiority and was engaged in meaningful discussions with adversaries which had a rational mission of peace at t

to me the interesting take away from your writing about nixon, the way nixon attempted to politicize the service. by my count the grievous offenses, wanted to use the secret service, he feared kennedy as a political threat either in the 72 election, disabled, nixon is relying on the service to take on a number of expenses, not really legitimately renovation expenses to private property and also nixon's attempt to use secret service members to remove protesters, to disable the ability of americans to protest peacefully if not loudly against their government. it reminded me of what happened during the trump years. >> there were so many eerie parallels between nixon and trump just regarding the secret service, this idea of we are going to handle antiwar protesters and anti-nixon protesters by sticking the secret service on demand using them as a tool. president nixon's view of the secret service was very much like donald trump's in that this is another tool of my power, not they are protecting me but more like these are my goons and donald trump deployed them the same, nobody can forget

, nixon is always the one that doesn't seem to fit here when people think of nixon, they for good reasonirty tricks. they think about the committee to reelect the president. they don't think about the guy who, you know, who founded the epa. the guy that actually was progressive on environmental issues in the early 70s, the same way people won't believe it but he was progressive on civil rights issues in the late 1950s. >> absolutely. for one thing, joey came from california and he of course, lived in san clementa so a lot of rich republican donors were not in my backyard are you going to build a nuclear plant or an aluminum siding factory so nixon understood that but what really changed it for him is when he ran for president in 1968, he hired john erilcman. he was a land, water lawyer who made his fortune going after polluters. people don't realize that -- [ laughter ] >> no. >> yeah, erlichman was a covert green working with the sierra club and people and nixon had no interest so he said you draw up the documents and we'll do it as long as ed musky doesn't have anything to do with it.

there were so many area parallels between nixon and trump just with the secret service the idea of wehandle antiwar protesters and anti- nixon protesters by sticking the secret service on them and use them as a tool president nixon view of the secret service was very much like president trump this is another tool of my power not that they are protecting me but these are my goons and donald trump deployed them the same mafia square on june 1 and nobody can forget the presidents wish president trump to look as the tough guy and nixon wanted to do the same when he was running for reelection he wanted to have these images of the vicious savage protesters fighting with secret service so those are the images and that could show the voters who would keep them safe president nixon. >> something it: knew but your book reminded me that president reagan when he was shot nearly lost half of the blood in his body i remember being in middle school and president reagan was shot and knowing enough to know it was a big deal but at the same time never thinking that he almost died he lost nearly half th

richard nixon is elected to the presidency campaigning alongside nixon. in his home district. and once it nixon begins his administration gerald ford the minority leader is working with a mixed agenda on capitol hill to help them shape that as well. i 1972 nixon was a historic landslide election. but that needle barely moved. and then, ford realizes his dream of becoming speaker probably is not going to happen. in 1974 he would stand for election once again. but the nixon administration second term. then they returned to grand rapids. history intervenes. ford haven't mentioned watergate during this time but watergate begins in 1972. not for reasons related, but other reasons. president need to exercise a provision of the 25th amendment which was ratified in 1967 the lousy president to nominate a person to fill the vacancy of the vice presidency as a tribute but bipartisanship. while congress has a chance occurrence of voting in late december of 1972 this only 35 members of the house the vote against as much is your get on capitol hill. by december ford is moved from the house

we know, in september, he pardons richard nixon. what we might oversee, overlook, is that two weeks after that, that's when betty ford finds out that she has cancer, and ends up in the hospital, in what is the darkest night of his presidency. at night, he spends alone in the white house, anticipating her surgery the next day. he's also dealing with inflation at this time. with inflation now -- with salt talks, vladivostok, meetings with brezhnev, as he is advancing the strategic arms limitations top, hoping for -- he's also dealing with the crisis in cypress between two nato allies, turkey and greece. we go to the next slide. the final slide. just how crowded his 895 days are, and how consequential they are, he has to pivot quickly in december of 1974, into january of 1975, dealing with inflation, to dealing with a recession. a mounting recession. vietnam is falling apart. even -- vietnam is falling apart. in april, we -- he's operation baby lift, in early april of 1975. then in may of that year, the cambodian seizure of the ss my g

that is, going to the nixon birthplace, now, the nixon presidential library, a friend of nixon's that will be one of the prime movers in the early days of the nixon foundation to acquire the property and save it from condemnation and develop it as a historic site, i can remember walking into the house, right there in yorba linda, famously. i was stunned by the similarity between that house and the one in abilene. same room, same bunk beds upstairs. same mother, same father. same room full of boys, etc., same, same, same. i said to her, i always thought eisenhower and nixon are different people. it was in that moment that i began to see similarities. i began to ask myself, what is the crucible that forms leadership? if you look at presidents, you would be amazed as how -- and how the pattern repeats itself. the pattern of a lot of responsibility at a young age and a strong sense of identity. one reason you assume responsibility at a young age is because the family dynamic required it. franklin roosevelt had an absentee father. his mother lived in the white house with him until she died

the discussion was hosted by the richard nixon foundation. begin by recognizing that today is veterans day, along with the dedication of the vietnam veterans memorial on the national mall. we celebrate the service and remember the sacrifice of veterans all across our country today. >> please, take your seats. my name is jim byron, i'm the president and ceo of the richard nixon foundation. welcome back to the grand strategy summit for day two. i want to begin by recognizing that today is veterans day, along with the dedication of the vietnam veterans memorial on the national mall. we celebrate the service and remember the sacrifice of veterans all across our country today. in fact, at the nixon library in california, guests will be treated to an air show this afternoon, celebrating veterans in just a matter of hours to thank our veterans for their service. cox. the eldest daughter of president nixon. thank you for being here. [applause] the grand strategy summit kicked off last night with two national security advisor's taking the stage, openi