and his people didn't want nixon agreeing in the following three debates nixon was nixon and was adversarial attacking kennedy where he was and doing quite a good job. after the first debate as a communications major how do you think the newspapers responded to? it was a tie. it becomes untied over 60 years and it becomes kennedy winning their first debate by a mile but the initial reaction in all of the newspapers was that there was no difference between the two of them. they both did equally well or equally bad. the whole story of kennedy being this wonderfuld guy but what dd happen and what i do say was the greatest thing that john kennedy did was run for office. and by staying up for not making any massive debates in the first debate -- massive mistakes in the first debate is people said this guyob is a lot better thane thought it might be able to do a good job so they rallied around the flag hang kennedy got more adulation after that first debate because he didn't it. not because he did great because he didn't do badly. would have one last question over here. >> doctor clearly senator j

and particularly to the nixon library in the richard nixon foundation. and also viewers who are joining us virtually. starting a little bit more personal before we dive into the book, welcome back to thehe west coastor for many years it was probably a second home or a home for you. how many years did you spend here and do you miss it? >> i spent seven years going through a document day by day, week by week, year by year. this volume here is sameer two and half million pages of research. and that is what i do. i have another plug i forgot to give. a year from now he has finished eight study of the election of 1968 and will show the incident at virtually nothing to the election of 1968 so if you are here now, come back for luke a year from now and c find out wht really did happen in 1968 for. >> we can be at opposite seats at that point. but just oppose that experience of turning presidential records for seven years with a sort of it where you came from. i once heard you talk about or describe yourself as a slum kid from baltimore. so how does someone in t

with you and his people didn't want nixon occurring in the following three debates nixon was nixon and was edadversarial attacking kennedy where he was weekend doing a quite good job. after the first debate how do you think the newspapers responded? it was a tie. it becomes untied over 60 years and it becomes kennedy winning the first debate by a mile but the initial reaction at on all of the newspapers was that there was no difference between the two of them. did equally well or equally bad. the t whole story of the kennedy being a wonderful guy but what did happen and what i didn't say was the greatest thing john kennedy did was to run for office. he was a wonderful campaigner and by staying up and not making any massive mistakes in the first debate what happened was that democrats said this guy is a lot better than we thought and must be able to do good a good job so they rallied around the flag and can need -- kennedy got more adulation after that first debate as he didn't it. not because he didn't do great big because he didn't do badly. >> one last question over here. doctor clea

and his people didn't want nixon agreeing and the following three debates. nixon was nixon. and was adversarial attacking kennedy for where he was weak and doing a quite good job. but after the first debate as a communications major, how do you think that the newspapers responded? thing it was a tie. it becomes untie over 60 years. and it becomes kennedy winning the first debate by a mile, but the initial reaction in all of the newspapers was that there was no difference between the two of them. they both did equally well or equally bad the whole story of the kennedy being this wonderful guy, but what did happen? what did happen and what i didn't say was the greatest thing that john kennedy did was run for office. he was a wonderful campaigner. and by staying up and not making any massive mistakes in the first debate. what happened was is democrats said? this guy is a lot better than we thought and might be able to do a good job. so they rallied around the flag. and henry got more. adulation after that first debate because it didn't blow it not because he did great because h

nixon resigned from office. one, he did not want the nation to become further mired in the watergate scandal. he wanted the nation to move on. he thought a pardon would help to do that. he also suggested that by mixing -- nixon excepts of the pardon was a kind of admission of guilt. ford maintains it was the right thing to do up into the end of his life. he always maintained that was a decision he stood by until the end. in terms of setting a precedent, i did not know it set a precedent. i do know that it was a decision that was -- that bothered many people across the country, including my parents. they still talk about the pardon in a very disappointed way. host: let's go back to more testimony. alexander butterfield deputy assistant to president nixon. this is from mid july 1973. he was the one that revealed there were white house tapes. [video clip] >> are you aware of the installation of any listening devices in oval office of the president? >> i was aware of listening devices. >> when where those devices pl

nixon resigned from office. one, he did not want the nation to become further mired in the watergate scandal. he wanted the nation to move on. he thought a pardon would help to do that. he also suggested that by mixing -- nixon excepts of the pardon was a kind of admission of guilt. ford maintains it was the right thing to do up into the end of his life. he always maintained that was a decision he stood by until the end. in terms of setting a precedent, i did not know it set a precedent. i do know that it was a decision that was -- that bothered many people across the country, including my parents. they still talk about the pardon in a very disappointed way. host: let's go back to more testimony. alexander butterfield deputy assistant to president nixon. this is from mid july 1973. he was the one that revealed there were white house tapes. [video clip] >> are you aware of the installation of any listening devices in oval office of the president? >> i was aware of listening devices. >> when where those devices pl

nixon resigned.now nixon resigned and no point of the reasons he resigned and the reason they won't accept his resignation is thise new guy he doesn't have long been obvious paper trail and there are no scandals and his background or no hint of impropriety and he seems like the anti-nixon. nixon is seen as the skullduggery and everything else in gerald ford from western michigan who does things the way they are supposed to be done. but then within a month after nixon he pardoned him on the seventh these questions are raised. was there a deal here? did nixon and ford to get together and did ford say if he resigne' as president i will pardon you and you won't have to go to j jail. by this time it was a real possibility. there's no evidence that anything like a deal occurred and in fact it's entirely possible that nixon reasoned the way that ford reasoned and that is from a constitutional standpoint the bigde deal is tht this president is no longer present so let's move on and that's precisely the argum

to nixon taking office in january. of 1969. let's start with you. how would you characterize the situation in vietnam leading up to the nixon presidency in 1969? i think that one of the elements that that that americans looking at the war in vietnam tend to forget is that fundamentally whatever is going on in vietnam, by the time nixon becomes president is is is is a civil war that the this this the civil war breaks out in 1945 as as as the communists attempt to assert their jurisdiction over all of the vietnamese ghobadi. and then and then it gets kind of dramatically escalated and intensified an internal rationalize owing to, to, to, to the cold war. the french will attempt to recolonize. starting in late 45, 46 and essentially at that point, the french war becomes kind of juxtaposed over this. this ongoing vietnamese civil war. and then, as we know, the french eventually lead the americans come in. but but that that that that civil war is is ongoing. so. so we have a kind of a 30 year civil

to nixon good, folks.good morning, everybody. welcome. welcome to our semesters. final class of the american 1990s.

all 14 of president nixon's vietnam are available in full on youtube from the nixon library.now, here's a brief montage of several of president nixon's time address to the nation on the war in vietnam. good evening, my fellow americans. i have asked for this television time to report to you on our most difficult and urgent problem. the war in vietnam. since i took office four months ago, nothing has taken so much of my time and energy as the search for a way to bring lasting peace to vietnam. i know that some believe that i should entered the war immediately after the inauguration by simply ordering our forces home from vietnam. this would have been an easy thing to do. it might have been a popular thing to do, but i would have betrayed my solemn responsibility as of the united states if i had done so. i want to end this war. the american people want to end this war. the people south vietnam want to end this war. but we want to end it permanent so that the younger brothers of our soldiers in vietnam will not have to fight in the future in another vietnam, someplace else in th

so nixon resigns now. nixon resigns. and one of the reasons he resigns and of the reasons that people are willing to accept the resignation is that this new guy, gerald ford, he doesn't have a long and obvious paper trail, but there are no scandals in his background. there is no hint of any impropriety. he, like the anti nixon because nixon now is seen as this purveyor of skullduggery and everything else. and jerry ford, this just, you know, straightforward guy from western michigan who does things the way they're supposed to be done. but then but then in a month after nixon resigns, gerald ford pardons him. and all of a sudden, these questions are raised, why was there a deal here? did nixon and ford get together? or maybe intermediaries? and did ford say. --, if you resign, then as president, i'll pardon you. you're not going to have to go to jail, which by this time was a real possibly pity. now there's no evidence that anything a deal occurred and fact it strains the imagination to think that there would be anything

but this was one line nixon power. he believed that these withdrawals were absolutely to counteract the piecemeal and convince the country he ending the war were one step ahead of the share was the nixon phrase. and by this he meant congress, moderate groups. the antiwar movement had concentrated on political action, building candidacy of george mcgovern for president in 72 and seeking to elect more anti-war people to the house and the senate. the more radical antiwar groups viewed this as wasted energy. members of congress kept making speeches introducing resolutions that never pass. and then election day. george mcgovern was defeated by a landslide. however, when you look at the record this point of view seems myopic in his concession, mcgovern had uttered words more apt than he realized, quote, there can be no question at all that we have pushed this country in the direction of and if we have shortened the vietnam war, even by days, every minute, every hour, bone crushing effort in this campaign was worth it. indeed

nixon resigned. what happened to nixon not reagan the difference is great affairs of government operated principles of democracy if they like it will cut you slack's is not likable if you want to know which of the sit down have a beer with? candidate a or can it be. that can is going to end. they wanted of the person the white house party it happens all around it. i'll get us to the end very quickly got over my half-hour. [laughter] richard nixon is told to turn over these incriminating tapes by republican leaders in congress so you better make a decision that's going to happen if you don't do something. nixon resigned. is this new guy, gerald ford, this not have there are no scandals in this background there is no hint of impropriety. seems like the anti- nixon he is seen as a purveyor but then a month after nixon resigned to r report such board of and also these questions are raised did nixon and ford get together did ford say if you resign apart and you not going to have to go to jail. which was a

how is nixon fit in? nixon ran in 1968. president, you all that california you got to know about the environment a little bit no matter what you think out here, it's everywhere. your people are doing it. but do you realize that nixon asking, getting asked questions he can't answer. do you realize that nixon hires john erlichman, who goes to prison for watergate? most known who was a land water lawyer from seattle. and nixon went up there and went boating with him once and came back and said, you know, erlichman is really he's making money on nimby, not on my backyard rich people not wanting an aluminum factory next to them. they'd hire higher erlichman firm and win. and so he, the de facto environmentalist for nixon, the sierra club, calls him a cover art green. however, he thought on other issues he in with the environmental crowd erlichman and he goes to the white house in to be fair to nixon he's president days just day. i think it's eight days and the santa barbara oil spill happens now. television color, the nightly ne

this is december1li, 1972, nixon one of the nixon tapes.t won a victory. nixon is in the oval office with henry kissinger, his secretary of state and this is happy time for nixon. this is literally what he says. "remember, we are going to be around and outlive our enemies. and also neverforget the press is the enemy. the press is the enemy. the press is the enemy. the establishment is the enemy. the professors are the enemy." writer on a blackboard — professors are the enemy." writer on a blackboard 100 _ professors are the enemy." writer on a blackboard 100 times _ professors are the enemy." writer on a blackboard 100 times and - professors are the enemy." writer on a blackboard 100 times and never - a blackboard 100 times and never forget it. that's nixon. that's donald also. that moment in history continues to permeate the work he cites similarities between trump and nixon. but there is at least one marked difference. despite two impeachment, trump didn't lose the support of his party, at least not openly. support of his party, at least

so 68 november nixon elected president takes over in 69 and nixon's whole thing peace honor right nixon becomes president on this platform of peace with honor honor. and whatever his flaws, nixon proved a good match. these one, nixon did a plan, did have a strategy, and it bore fruit. so so among the things he does, number one, nixon decides to vietnam is the war. meaning what exactly? so reduce the number of american troops and place more of the burden of fighting on the south vietnamese themselves. so essentially, under nixon, american troops gradually withdraw from vietnam and at the same time, the size the south vietnamese army is expanded vietnamization. so 65, the war is americanized starting in 69 it's the americanized and increasingly vietnam ized as this goes, nixon enters into secret with his enemies in hanoi, there are secret talks. no one is aware of their existence only nixon is national security. henry kissinger and kissinger jr's most trusted advisers get this nixon's own secretary of state and his secretary of defense don't about these secret talks. imagine that you're t

it applies to nixon and the opposite to gerald ford because nixon clearly was going to win the electiono question about it. he won the margin in 68 but the democrat as a result that the debacle in the national convention recast the rule for nomination that set in motion the nomination of the decent fellow, from south dakota, a decent fellow asked probably the worst candidate in american history for 60 or 70 years and if you want to know why many people in the country is the democrats can be counted on to act as if they know better than the country and they are smarter than anybody else and he goes back to this. and a decent guy. by any stretch of the imagination and the outcome andt wasn't enough. and he was shrewd politically and he gotot south dakota and richard nixon. [laughter] and i still cannot figure out what motivatedis him to do that. was it something in his childhood? is there something you can't just win big, you can't just went in, you have to win it all. i don't't know and it was persol because richard nixon was smart and understanding the pieces of the puzzle fit together

he finds himself spending 25% of his time day after day on nixon's tapes, nixon's papers. for whatever it is worth, ford personally believed that if the legal process were allowed to procd that nixon would be indicted and probably convicted, at least on charges of obstruction of justice. he was -- one of the things i discovered, he had a counsel who was a best friend, early law partner. and his wife bought -- made notes. for the first time, you were actually inside the oval office when ford first explains to phil buchanan his intent with nixon. it is phil's job to go out and find the legal precedent of this . when the clinton lumens key business came along, ford felt in some ways vindicated in the sense that we lost a year. we lost a whole year, 1998, much of 99. the two sides were so entrenched. and remember, for cap up with a proposal -- ford came up with a proposal. what he called a rebuke. the idea was, he talked about a unique punishment for a unique crime. or a unique defense. it would be a joint session in congress, president clinton would be summoned. before they j

and this is happy time for nixon. and this is literally what nixon says. be around, "and outlive our enemies. "and also, never forget — the press is the enemy. "the press is the enemy." both: "the press is the enemy." "the establishment is the enemy. "the professors are the enemy." write that on a blackboard 100 times, and neverforget it. that's nixon. that's donald trump also. that's right. half a century since the watergate scandal, that moment in history continues to permeate the work of woodward and bernstein, who often cite similarities between trump and nixon. but there is at least one very marked difference. despite two impeachments, trump didn't lose the support of his party — at least not openly. let's look at a story that i did in the third year of the trump presidency, in which... you know, i had heard from people on capitol hill, the chiefs of staffs for so many senators, that their bosses despised donald trump. that they held him in such contempt, including of his intellect, including of his absolute disregard for democracy. so, finally, i did

my name is jim byron and i'm the and ceo of the richard nixon. i want to start this evening because i know that there are a number of veterans in the audience and maybe even some who are actively serving. so if you are a veteran tonight, i would ask that you stand and be recognized. thank you. but thank you for your. i also want to thank the members of the richard nixon foundation associates club members and our presidents members. because your membership is what makes educational programs like possible. and these are programs that teach american history and american. so thank you. thanks. thanks for what you have done. now on to speaker this evening. dr. mark moyar. is the william p harris chair of military history at hillsdale college. from 2018 to 2019. he served as of the office of civilian military cooperation at usaid and previously served as director of the project on military and diplomatic history at the center for strategic and international studies in washington, d.c.. dr. moyer is a member of the hoover institution working group on th

my name is jim byron and i'm the and ceo of the richard nixon. i want to start this evening because i know that there are a number of veterans in the audience and maybe even some who are actively serving. so if you are a veteran tonight, i would ask that you stand and be recognized. thank you. but thank you for your. i also want to thank the members of the richard nixon foundation associates club members and our presidents members. because your membership is what makes educational programs like possible. and these are programs that teach american history and american. so thank you. thanks. thanks for what you have done. now on to speaker this evening. dr. mark moyar. is the william p harris chair of military history at hillsdale college. from 2018 to 2019. he served as of the office of civilian military cooperation at usaid and previously served as director of the project on military and diplomatic history at the center for strategic and international studies in washington, d.c.. dr. moyer is a member of the hoover institution working group on th

nixon resigned from office.t the nation to become further mired in the watergate scandal. he wanted the nation to move on. he thought a pardon would help to do that. he also suggested that by mixing -- nixon excepts of the pardon was a kind of admission of guilt. ford maintains it was the right thing to do up into the end of his life. he always maintained that was a decision he stood by until the end. in terms of setting a precedent, i did not know it set a precedent. i do know that it was a decision that was -- that bothered many people across the country, including my parents. they still talk about the pardon in a very disappointed way. host: let's go back to more testimony. alexander butterfield deputy assistant to president nixon. this is from mid july 1973. he was the one that revealed there were white house tapes. [video clip] >> are you aware of the installation of any listening devices in oval office of the president? >> i was aware of listening devices. >> when where those devices place in the oval offi

nixon promised to end the war. howdy restart them?of the reasons why you started bombing cambodia became obsessed was he was trying to kind of project a certain kind of madman theory to the north vietnamese that the nixon administration was so crazy that would start bombing cambodia and maybe this would bring them back to the negotiating tables stuff of course it did not and the war dragged on for another five years for no reason. it could've ended in 1968. it could have -- millions of lives were lost, vid enemies, tens of thousands. -- vietnamese, tens of thousands. all as a result of the moment, the first of october surprise 1968. cambodia playing a central role. amy: we just have a minute and nick turse we want to give the last word after this massive investigation you have done and documents you have uncovered and people's voices that have not been heard before. >> i want to bring it back to the anthony bourdain quote and just offer something a chronicle from the u.s. records, americans shot of a village with helicopters using mac

nixon's staff and women reporters. gifts from a lady of the press appeared to be in expression of sympathy for their desire fores anonymity. the amusement to all tricia found her disguise. on friday evening june 4 at washington beautiful anderson house mrs. william pete rogers wife's wife of the secretary of state hosted a reception for the diplomatic corps in honor of trish and edward being the diplomatic corps led the way to the receiving line. the secretary of state was unable to be there. he is attending meetings in portugal and france. tricia graciously accepted the gifts from the ambassador. in his remarks to the international group of guests, the president express this wish for his daughter and her future husband. >> i would like to leave one thought with you on this occasion, which is my wish for the bride and groom after the wedding ceremony. first, the chance to live their own lives. but second, more than anything else the chance to know the world as a chance i have had tof know it. i look forward to a time t

nixon's birthday. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> i understand i'm supposed to make a surprise announcement.ty is that every time i'm supposed to make a surprise announcement, i find that somali it is leaked before i get to make it. and this seems to be no exception. under the circumstances of course i was wondering whether making an announcement to this very distinguished group of our very close friends from all over the united states to making such an announcement which seen to be rather an anti-climax for this wonderful evening. i discussed it with the prime minister and he's given his permission. and he is one who has had great success that i going to take his advice. he tells me that even though the information may have leaked out, that until i say if it's not official. [laughing] and so tonight mrs. nixon and i are very honored to announce the engagement of our daughter tricia to mr. edward cox of new york. [applause] just so happy that we can share happiness with everybody. i think an engagement is supposed be a fun time can specially those engagement parties. is traditionally suppose

nixon. nixon people tried really to destroy documents and they destroyed a lot. fortunately, they didn't destroy everything. and one place where i would disagree little i wouldn't disagree with trudy because was saying it's an opportunity. i would disagree with the south korean model is that one of the reasons the weather the ways we out things about presidents is that we have expert archivists who know the records. and when you combine all records into one place, unless you have money for a lot of staffing. and the way our government works, you are generally underfunded for such things. what happens is people don't know the records anymore. and so things get lost. nothing gets lost, but they don't get found and used. and unfortunately because the cost, even the cost of coming to d.c. is expensive. ata unless you digitize everything. scholars don't have the chance to find it, and so things don't. they get overlooked and they don't get put into the declassification system because things are not put into the classification system automatically. it's one of the misu

nixon. nixon people tried really to destroy documents and they destroyed a lot. fortunately, they didn't destroy everything. and one place where i would disagree little i wouldn't disagree with trudy because was saying it's an opportunity. i would disagree with the south korean model is that one of the reasons the weather the ways we out things about presidents is that we have expert archivists who know the records. and when you combine all records into one place, unless you have money for a lot of staffing. and the way our government works, you are generally underfunded for such things. what happens is people don't know the records anymore. and so things get lost. nothing gets lost, but they don't get found and used. and unfortunately because the cost, even the cost of coming to d.c. is expensive. ata unless you digitize everything. scholars don't have the chance to find it, and so things don't. they get overlooked and they don't get put into the declassification system because things are not put into the classification system automatically. it's one of the misu

one day when henry kinsinger was working in the nixon administration.ccessful interview to ariana silacci. comparing himself to a cowboy who comes to town alone to clean up the mess, nixon was furious, refused to talk to him for three weeks, and almost fired him for such obvious displays of arrogance at the center of the theory, which date back to school days. kishera in graduate school. the idea is not only about balance, but rather legitimacy. it implies that global players must agree on an international order, recognizing the legitimate goals and methods of their dissertations. he writes do not confuse legitimacy with justice, my theory does not concern justice in international politics , it is about the coexistence of great powers, questions of modern morality or the achievement of public welfare for the kesenger are irrelevant. and today it’s possible in this operation, i think, yes, the current us administration proceeds from the idea that there is an existential struggle between autocracy and democracy and the question of value turns into a centr