to shift from nmc to nmc 2.00, the next generation, this happens what jeff just described. the bowling pins. fall. and when you do that, when those bowling pins fall, the whole architecture that you've set up, the house that you've built, so to speak, turns into some other shape and house. it's as though you drive home here. and the front door is in the back door and the living room is in the bathroom. and this really happens in that battery. and so i know that, and you're trying to get the atoms to stay in one place. but that's a very, very hard thing to do. and the stakes putting the two pieces together. those stakes being so very, very high. and then it being so very, very hard to do, you get exaggerators and hucksters and liars basically. claiming that they've got -- i've got the answer, and give me $50 million so i can develop that. so i wanted to roll back to that second question. this happens. one of the things i suffered personally. one of the sources on whom i had relied for a very big part of the book and was at the closing section of writing the book turned out t

lg did enough work that it stabilized the nmc. the battery going into the bolt is almost pure nmc. they made enough stabilizing this lithium ion battery that it goes -- instead of going 38 miles with the volt, it goes 200 miles with the bolt for the same price. >> thanks, my name is hart swartz. in the late 19th century, early 20th century there were invasions that didn't rely on government funding, the light bulb, the telegraph, telephone and others and i think they were invented and commercialized without large government funding. what is the difference between now and then and is there something that can can be emulated so we can do what you talk about today and do major inventions without government funding? >> so i don't -- i don't know the history of that particular type of technology as you do. i know the history of things like the microchip and that was heavily invested in by the government, particularly the military. what makes it different, and if i look at history and like i said, you know this better than i do. that edison and ford used their own money or private money