is nms a licensed and accredited lab?it is. >> does that include national accreditations as well? >> national and state accreditations. >> i'm going to turn to your work in this particular case. did nms labs receive some samples for testing from the henpin county medical office related to george floyd? >> we did. >> were there a number of different samples that were received? >> correct. >> what were the samples that were ultimately tested by nms labs? >> we tested the samples that were requested by the medical examiner to be tested. we tested samples labeled as hospital blood and also tested urine that was collected at the autopsy. >> and in terms of the testing that was performed at nms labs, were those tests pursuant to standard operating procedures at the lab? >> yes, they were. >> and that process was followed for all of those tests? >> yes. >> getting to the results from that testing, what were the notable findings from that testing? >> so the most notable findings in the hospital blood was the presence of fentanyl

nms? >> i miss forensic toxicologist. >> and did you have any other lab experience before joining nms? i did. prior to joining from 1994 to 2011, i was the chief toxicologist for the wayne county office and before that at the medical lab, director of toxicology. prior to that, from 1982-1991, i was at maryland medical lab in baltimore, maryland. also during that period working for some time from 84 to 86 of the medical examiner's office in baltimore as well. >> rewinding a bit as well to your educational background, can you describe for the jury what your educational background is? have a bachelor's degree in biology from the delphi university of new york, and that was obtained in 1982. then i have a masters degree in forensic pathology with a concentration in forensics toxicology from the university of maryland baltimore. that was in 1986. and then my phd the university of maryland baltimore in forensics toxicology in 1991. >> do you have any special certifications related to your work? >> i'm board certified as a fellow in the american board of forensic toxicology. >> and what are the

level to individuals who were alive, his level was within a quarter of the pie of the dui cases that nms labss this. >> he would be right in there with the 80% percentile. >> you indicated that those levels for drivers were found in 53 cases higher than 50 nanograms per mill liter, correct? >> correct. >> those individuals were alive and driving at that time? >> yes, pretty amazing. >> next slide, please. what is this? >> hospital blood samples submitted from mr. floyd and we found fentanyl at 11 nanograms and norfentanyl at 5.6 nanograms per mill liter. >> next slide, please. so this slide shows what the ratio of parent drug to the meta metabolite is, gave mr. floyd a ratio of 1.96. >> essentially, does this slide show the way in which you would calculate the fentanyl to norfentanyl ratio? >> yes. >> next slide, please. >> ratios of fentanyl levels between 9 and 13 nanograms per mill liter. mr. floyd's concentration was 11 nanograms mer mill liter. driving under the influence work we assign an uncertainty of measurement to that result. so if a driver had an 11 nanogram per mill fentanyl pres

. >> is the lab you work with nms? >> correct. >> how long have you worked with nms labs? >> about 13 or 14 months now. >> for the past 13 or 14 months, would that be the only lab that you would be sending out toxicology panels or screens to from the hennepin county medical office? >> yes. all our toxicology is done by nms. >> are you familiar with the toxicologist named -- >> yes, i know dan. >> he testified here just -- time flies. i don't know if it was yesterday or two days ago. he testified here. do you have a good opinion of him as a toxicologist? >> he's been great to work with so far. >> hold on. the objection is? [ inaudible ] >> sustained. >> you know him? >> i do. >> did you examine the contents of mr. floyd's stomach? >> i did. >> what did you note regarding contents? >> counselor, can i refer to my report? >> yes, if it helps refresh your recollection. >> i dictated as part of the exam, the stomach contains 450 milliliters of dark brown fluid and food matter resembling bread. >> did you notice pills or pill fragments in his stomach? >> i did not. >> did you do

>> well, it's certainly an important factor, because the finding of the toxicologist from nms labs was that there were 11 nanograms, per milliliter of blood, which is a lethal dose for a healthy person. of course, when you have somebody, who is addicted to drugs and using this level of drug, fentanyl. you build up a tolerance. and you can withstand large amounts of fentanyl. that doesn't mean you can't overdose. but the fact of the matter is he was alive and well, before he encountered the police officer derek chauvin. >> the floyd family, as you know, had their own autopsy done. contradicting the county-medical examiner, attributing his death to asphyxia. how critical is just that distinction to the prosecution's case and proving the cause of death of mr. floyd's -- the cause of mr. floyd's death? >> in reality, it's not that much of a distinction. asphyxia can have different meanings. you can close off the airway. that is not the case, here. mr. floyd's airway was open. however, the positional, the proning of -- of the body, down, and the handcuffing in the back. and not only the pos

. >> prosecutors, then, presented nms labs forensic toxicologist who analyzed george floyd's blood and found both fentanyl and methamphetamines but he testified the levels of both drugs were lower than those in a sample of driving-under-the-influence cases. he was followed by dr. bill smock, from louisville. though smock acknowledged on cross-examination, that he is not a pathologist. >>> the prosecution continues its case, later, this morning. >>> all right. still ahead here. all the highlights from round one of the masters tournament. plus, the french open gets delayed because of coronavirus. >>> and later, what house speaker nancy pelosi is saying about getting president biden's infrastructure passed. we are going to have those stories, and a check on your weather, when we come right back. when you have metastatic breast cancer, what does it mean to be a thriver? it means we grab a hold of what matters most. we sweat the details. ask for what we want. get what we need. and we need more time. so, we want kisqali. living longer is possible and proven with kisqali when taken with a non

lab we work with. that's typically what we ask for in most forensic autopsies. >> is the laboratory you work for nms? >> yes. >> how long have you worked with them? >> it's about about 13, 14 months now. >> so, for the past 13 or 14 months, would that be the only lab that you would be sending out toxicology panels/screens to from the hennepin county medical examiner's office? >> yes. all of our toxicology is done by nms. >> are you familiar with a toxicologist named d dr. isenschmid? >> yes, i know him. >> dr. isenschmid testified -- i don't know if it was yesterday or two days ago, but he testified here. do you have a good opinion of him as a toxicologist? >> he's been great to work with so far. we have -- >> hold on. >> objection is? >> irrelevant. >> sustained. >> you know dr. isenschmid? >> i do. >> did you examine the contents of mr. floyd's stomach as part of your autopsy? >> i did. >> what did you note regarding the contents? >> counselor, can i refer to my report so that i don't -- >> yes, if it helps refresh your recollection. >> i'm simply going to quote what i dictated as part of the postmo

. >> did you have any other lab experience before joining nms. >> prior to joining from 1994 to 2011,hief toxicologist for the wayne county michigan medical examiners office, and before that, i was a south gate medical lab -- so i did a director of the toxicology. and prior to that it from 1982 toto 1991, i was maryland labs during that period working at some time during 6 to 84 to 86 at the medical office in baltimore as well. >> so rewinding built as well to your educational background could you just describe for the jury what your educational background is. >> sure. i have a bachelors degree in biology from a university in garden city, new york. and that was obtained in 1982. then of a master's degree in forensic pathology with actually pathology with a cons treens in forensic toxicology, and that's from university maryland baltimore in 19 -- 1986, and then my ph.d. was from university of yanked in forensic intoxicology in 1991. >> do you have any specialize certifications reallied to your work? >> i'm board certified of the fellow from american board of forensic toxicology. >> wha